Fractional factorial experiments using a test atmosphere to assess the accuracy and precision of a new passive sampler for the determination of formaldehyde in the atmosphere

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 44, Issue 32, 2010, Pages 3942-3951

  Mabilia, Rosanna ^a   Scipioni, Chiara ^a   Vegliò, Francesco ^b   Tomasi Scianò, Maria Concetta ^a  

^a CNR   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF L'AQUILA   (Italy)

Author keywords

ANOVA; Carbonyl compounds; Factorial design of experiment; Formaldehyde; Passive samplers

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY AND PRECISION; ACTIVE SAMPLING; AMBIENT AIR; ANALYTICAL METHOD; ANOVA; CARBONYL COMPOUNDS; COATED PARTICLES; DIFFUSIVE SAMPLERS; DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZINE; DYNAMIC SYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS; EXPOSURE CHAMBERS; FACTORIAL DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT; FIELD EXPERIMENT; FLORISIL; FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS; OPERATING CONDITION; PASSIVE DEVICES; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; POLYETHYLENE CYLINDERS; REACTIVE ADSORBENTS; REALISTIC CONDITIONS; REFERENCE METHOD; RELATIVE HUMIDITIES; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TEST ATMOSPHERES; TEST GAS;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA); ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; CARBONYLATION; DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS; FORMALDEHYDE; GAS ADSORPTION; OZONE; SAMPLING; SILICA; SILICA GEL; SILVER; STAINLESS STEEL; TURBULENCE;

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS;

2,4 DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZINE; ADSORBENT; FORMALDEHYDE; MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE; OXIDIZING AGENT; OZONE; POLYETHYLENE; SILICA GEL; SILVER; STAINLESS STEEL;

ADSORPTION; AMBIENT AIR; ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FACTOR ANALYSIS; FORMALDEHYDE; OPTIMIZATION; OZONE; PRECISION; RELATIVE HUMIDITY;

ACCURACY; AMBIENT AIR; ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION; CALIBRATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 77955925156     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.013     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs with Other Worldwide Occupational Exposure Values 2004, CD-ROM, Cincinnati, OH.
2. Arnts R.R., Tejada S.B. 2,4-Diniytophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel cartridge method for determination of formaldehyde in air: identification of an ozone interference. Environmental Science and Technology 1989, 23:1428-1430.
3. Bertoni G., Ciuchini C., Di Palo V., Possanzini M. Development of a passive sampler for long-term measurements of formaldehyde and total oxidants in air. Chromatographia 2005, 61:385-389.
4. Bertoni G., Tappa R., AllegriniI Assessment of a new passive device for the monitoring of benzene and other volatile aromatic compounds in the atmosphere. Annali di Chimica 2000, 90:249-263.
5. Budavari S., O'Neil M.J., Smith A., Heckelman P.E. The Merk Index. An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals 1989, Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ. eleventh ed.
6. Carlier P., Hannachi H., Mouvier G. The chemistry of carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment 1986, 20:2079-2099.
7. CEN, 2003. European standard EN 13528-2, " Ambient air quality - Diffusive samplers for determination of concentrations of gases and vapours - Requirements and test methods - Part 2: specific requirements and test methods" .
8. EMEP Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe, 1996. EMEP Manual for Sampling and Chemical Analysis. Chapter 3 " Sampling Methods" , Paragraph 3.8 " Determination of Aldehydes and Ketones in Ambient Air" .
9. Grosjean D., Williams E.L. A passive sampler for airborne formaldehyde. Atmospheric Environment 1992, 26:2923-2928.
10. Grosjean E., Grosjean D., Fraser M.P., Kass G.R. Air quality model evaluation data for organics. C1-C14 carbonyls in Los Angeles air. Environmental Science and Technology 1996, 30:2687-2703.
11. Hansen, J., Olsen, J.H., 1995. Cancer Causes and Control, 354-360.
12. Helming D. Ozone removal technique in the sampling of atmospheric organic trace gases. Atmospheric Environment 1997, 31(21):3635-3651.
13. International Agency on Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 88, " Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxy-2-propanol" 2004, (Lyon).
14. Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2008. Scientific and Technical report, " European Parliament Pilot Project on exposure to indoor air chemicals and possible health Risks" .
15. Lawson D.R., Bierman H.W., Tuazon E.C., Winer A.M., Mackay G.I., Schiff H.I., Kok G.L., Dasgupta P.K., Fung K. Formaldehyde measurements methods evaluation and ambient concentrations during the carbonaceous species methods comparison study. Aerosol Science and Technology 1990, 12:64-76.
16. Mabilia R., Bertoni G., Cecinato A., Tappa R., Allegrini I. Long-term assessment of benzene concentration in air by passive sampling: a suitable approach to evaluate the risk to human health. Analytical Letters 2000, 34(6):903-912.
17. Mabilia R., Di Palo V., Cassardo C., Ciuchini C., Pasini A., Possanzini M. Measurements of lower carbonyls and hydrocarbons at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. Annali di Chimica 2007, 97:1027-1037.
18. Montgomery D.C. Design and Analysis of Experiments 1991, Wiley, New York.
19. Nordman H., Keskinen H., Tuppurainen M. Formaldehyde asthma-rare or overlooked?. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1985, 75:91-99.
20. Onishi M., Sekine Y., Sugihara K., Kitasaka K., Shimajiri H. A passive sampler for the determination of carbonyl compounds in indoor air employing o-(4-cyano-2-ethoxybenzyl)hydroxylamine as reactive adsorbent. Journal of Health Science 2007, 53(4):413-422.
21. Palmer P.I., Jacob D.J., Fiore A.M., Martin R.V., Chance K., Kurosu T.P. Mapping isoprene emissions over North America using formaldehyde column observations from space. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108(D6):4180. 10.1029/2002JD002153.
22. Possanzini M., Di Palo V. Determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in air by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Chromatographia 1997, 46:235-240.
23. Possanzini M., Di Palo V., Brancaleoni E., Frattoni M., Ciccioli P. Dynamic system for the calibration of semi-volatile carbonyl compounds in air. Journal of Chromatography A 2000, 883:171-183.
24. Possanzini M., Di Palo V., Cecinato A. Sources and photodecomposition of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in Rome ambient air. Atmospheric Environment 2002, 36:3195-3201.
25. Possanzini M., Di Palo V., Cecinato A. Evaluation of lower carbonyls and photochemical oxidants by HPLC-UV and HRGC-MS. Atmospheric Environment 2003, 37:1309-1316.
26. Possanzini M., Di Palo V., Cecinato A. Field evaluation of N-Methyl-4-hydrazino-7-nitrobenzofurazan (MNBDH) coated silica gel cartridges for the measurement of lower carbonyls in air. Chromatographia 2004, 60:715-719.
27. Potter W., Karst U. Identification of chemical interferences in aldehyde and ketone determination using dual-wavelength detection. Analytical Chemistry 1996, 68:3354-3358.
28. Underhill D.W. Convective transport in diffusive sampler. Talanta 1993, 40:785-790.
29. Zhang J., Zhang L., Fan Z., Ilacqua V. Development of the personal aldehydes and ketones sampler based upon DNSH derivatization on solid sorbent. Environmental Science and Technology 2000, 34:2601-2607.