Is high serum uric acid a risk marker or a target for treatment? Examination of its independent effect in a large cohort with low cardiovascular risk

American Journal of Kidney Diseases

Volumn 56, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 273-288

  Wen, Chi Pang ^a,b   David Cheng, Ting Yuan ^c   Chan, Hui Ting ^a   Tsai, Min Kuang ^a   Chung, Wen Shen Isabella ^d   Tsai, Shan Pou ^d   Wahlqvist, Mark L ^a   Yang, Yi Chen ^a   Wu, Shiuan Be ^e   Chiang, Po Huang ^a,b   Wen, Sung Feng ^f  

^a NATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTES   (Taiwan)

^b CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^e NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^f UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

cardiovascular disease; cohort; mortality; Serum uric acid

Indexed keywords

ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; URIC ACID;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; COHORT ANALYSIS; DEATH; DIABETES MELLITUS; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; HYPERURICEMIA; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL HISTORY; MORTALITY; OBESITY; PATIENT CODING; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PROTEINURIA; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SMOKING; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TAIWAN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; URIC ACID BLOOD LEVEL; BLOOD; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL;

ADULT; AGED; BLOOD GLUCOSE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; FEMALE; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE; HUMANS; HYPERURICEMIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PROTEINURIA; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; URIC ACID; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77955859986     PISSN: 02726386     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.01.024     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. D.I. Feig, D.-H. Kang, and R.J. Johnson Uric acid and cardiovascular risk N Engl J Med 359 2008 1811 1821
2. A.C.M. Gagliardi, M.H. Miname, and R.D. Santos Review - uric acid: a marker of increased cardiovascular risk Atherosclerosis 202 2009 11 17
3. T. Nakagawa, D.H. Kang, and D. Feig, et al. Unearthing uric acid: an ancient factor with recently found significance in renal and cardiovascular disease Kidney Int 69 2006 1722 1725
4. S.Y. Kim, J.P. Guevara, K.M. Kim, H.K. Choi, D.F. Heitjan, and D.A. Albert Hyperuricemia and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis Arthritis Rheum 61 7 2009 885 892
5. J. Fang, and M.H. Alderman Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality: the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study, 1971-1992 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey JAMA 283 18 2000 2404 2410
6. A. Strasak, E. Ruttmann, and L. Brant, et al. Serum uric acid and risk of cardiovascular mortality: a prospective long-term study of 83683 Austrian men Clin Chem 54 2 2008 273 284
7. A. Hozawa, A.R. Folsom, H. Ibrahim, F.J. Nieto, W.D. Rosamond, and E. Shahar Serum uric acid and risk of ischemic stroke: the ARIC Study Atherosclerosis 187 2006 401 407
8. M.J. Bos, P.J. Koudstaal, A. Hofman, J.C.M. Witteman, and M.M.B. Breteler Uric acid is a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke: the Rotterdam Study Stroke 37 2006 1503 1507
9. C. Meisinger, W. Koenig, J. Baumert, and A. Döring Uric acid levels are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality independent of systemic inflammation in men from the general population: the MONICA/KORA cohort study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28 2008 1186 1192
10. L. Niskanen, D. Laaksonen, and K. Nyysonen Uric acid level as a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in middle-aged men Arch Intern Med 164 2004 1546 1551
11. A.G. Ioachimescu, D.M. Brennan, B.M. Hoar, S.L. Hazen, and B.J. Hoogwerf Serum uric acid is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a Preventive Cardiology Information System (PreCIS) Database cohort study Arthritis Rheum 58 2 2008 623 630
12. P. Verdecchia, G. Schillaci, G. Reboldi, F. Santeusanio, C. Porcellati, and P. Brunetti Relation between serum uric acid and risk of cardiovascular disease in essential hypertension :the PIUMA Study Hypertension 36 6 2000 1072 1078
13. A.L. Alimonda, J. Nunez, and E. Nunez, et al. Hypeuricemia in acute heart failure More than a simple spectator? Eur J Intern Med 20 2009 74 79
14. J.H. Chen, S.Y. Chuang, H.J. Chen, W.T. Yeh, and W.H. Pan Serum uric acid level as an independent risk factor for all-cause, cardiovascular, and ischemic stroke mortality: a Chinese cohort study Arthritis Rheum 61 2 2009 225 232
15. A. Dehghan, A. Hofman, M.V. Hoek, J.C. Witteman, and E.J. Sijbrands High serum uric acid as a novel risk factor for type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 31 2008 361 362
16. I. Holme, A.H. Aastveit, N. Hammar, I. Jungner, and G. Walldius Uric acid and risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and congestive heart failure in 417,734 men and women in the Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk study (AMORIS) J Intern Med 266 2009 558 570
17. G. Zoppini, F. Perrone, and G. Targher, et al. Elevated serum uric acid concentrations independently predict cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients Diabetes Care 32 2009 1716 1720
18. D.S. Freedman, D.F. Williamson, E.W. Gunter, and T. Byers Relation of serum uric acid to mortality and ischemic heart disease Am J Epidemiol 141 1995 637 644
19. M.H. Alderman, H. Cohen, S. Madhavan, and S. Kivlighn Serum uric acid and cardiovascular events in successfully treated hypertensive patients Hypertension 34 1999 144 150
20. N. Ishizaka, Y. Ishizaka, E.-I. Toda, R. Nagai, and M. Yamakado Association between serum uric acid, metabolic syndrome, and carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese individuals Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25 2005 1035 1044
21. B.F. Culleton, M.G. Larson, W.B. Kannel, and D. Levy Serum uric acid and risk for cardiovascular disease and death: the Framingham Heart Study Ann Intern Med 131 1 1999 7 13
22. S.H. Jee, S.Y. Lee, and M.T. Kim Serum uric acid and risk of death from cancer, cardiovascular disease or all causes in men Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehab 11 2004 185 191
23. K. Sakata, T. Hashimoto, H. Ueshima, and A. Okayama Absence of an association between serum uric acid and mortality from cardiovascular disease: NIPPON DATA 80, 1980-1994 Eur J Epidemiol 17 2001 461 468
24. P. Hu, T.E. Seeman, T.B. Harris, and D.B. Reuben Is serum uric acid level associated with all-cause mortality in high-functioning older persons: MacArthur studies of successful aging? J Am Geriatr Soc 49 2001 1679 1684
25. D.I. Feig, M. Mazzali, and D.-H. Kang, et al. Serum uric acid: a risk factor and a target for treatment? J Am Soc Nephrol 17 2006 69 73
26. H. Nan, Q. Qiao, and Y. Dong, et al. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in a population of the coastal city, Qingdao, China J Rheumatol 33 2006 1346 1350
27. H.Y. Chang, W.H. Pan, W.T. Yeh, and K.S. Tsai Hyperuricemia and gout in Taiwan: results from the Nutritional and Health Survey in Taiwan (1993-96) J Rheumatol 28 2001 1640 1646
28. M.S. Lee, S.C. Lin, H.Y. Chang, L.C. Lyu, K.S. Tsai, and W.H. Pan High prevalence of hyperuricemia in elderly Taiwanese Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 14 3 2005 285 292
29. D. Conen, V. Wietlisbach, and P. Bovet, et al. Prevalence of hyperuricemia and relation of serum uric acid with cardiovascular risk factors in a developing country BMC Public Health 25 2004 4 9
30. K.T. Rott, and C.A. Agudelo Gout JAMA 289 21 2003 2857 2860
31. D.R. Cox Regression models and life-tables (with discussion) J R Stat Soc Ser B 34 1972 187 202
32. C.P. Wen, T.Y.D. Cheng, and M.K. Tsai, et al. All-cause mortality attributable to chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study based on 462,293 adults in Taiwan Lancet 371 2008 2173 2182
33. C.P. Wen, T.Y.D. Cheng, and S.P. Tsai, et al. Are Asians at greater mortality risks for being overweight than Caucasians? Redefining obesity for Asians Public Health Nutr 12 2008 1 10
34. N. Gochman, and J.M. Schmitz Automated determination of uric acid, with use of a uricase-peroxidase system Clin Chem 17 12 1971 1154 1159
35. National Kidney Foundation K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification Am J Kidney Dis 39 2 suppl 1 2002 S1 S266
36. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final report Circulation 106 2002 3143 3421
37. World Health Organization Report of a WHO consultation: definition of metabolic syndrome In: Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. I. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus 1999 Department of Noncommunicable Disease Surveillance Geneva, Switzerland
38. S.P. Tsai, C.P. Wen, H.T. Chan, P.H. Chiang, M.K. Tsai, and T.Y.D. Cheng The effects of pre-disease risk factors within metabolic syndrome on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality Diabetes Res Clin Pract 82 2008 148 156
39. C.P. Wen, S.P. Tsai, C.J. Chen, T.Y.D. Cheng, M.C. Tsai, and D.T. Levy Smoking attributable mortality for Taiwan and its projection to 2020 under different smoking scenarios Tob Control 14 suppl 1 2005 i76 i80
40. D.I. Feig, B. Soletsky, and R.J. Johnson Effect of allopurinol on blood pressure of adolescents with newly diagnosed essential hypertension JAMA 300 8 2008 924 932
41. M. Kanbay, A. Ozkara, and Y. Selcoki, et al. Effect of treatment of hyperuricemia with allopurinol on blood pressure, creatinine clearance, and proteinuria in patients with normal renal functions Int Urol Nephrol 39 2007 1227 1233
42. Y.P. Siu, K.T. Leung, M.K.H. Tong, and T.H. Kwan Use of allopurinol in slowing the progression of renal disease through its ability to lower serum uric acid level Am J Kidney Dis 47 2006 51 59
43. A. Brinker Allopurinol and the role of uric acid in hypertension JAMA 301 3 2009 270 271
44. H.K. Choi, and E.S. Ford Haemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, serum C-peptide and insulin resistance in relation to serum uric acid levels - the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Rheumatology 47 2008 713 717
45. P. Chou, K.-C. Lin, H.-Y. Lin, and S.-T. Tsai Gender differences in the relationships of serum uric acid with fasting serum insulin and plasma glucose in patients without diabetes J Rheumatol 28 2001 571 576
46. H. Nan, Y. Dong, W. Gao, J. Tuomilehto, and Q. Qiao Diabetes associated with a low serum uric acid level in a general Chinese population Diabetes Res Clin Pract 76 2007 68 74
47. A. Giacomello, N.D. Sciascio, and C.P. Quaratino Relation between serum triglyceride level, serum urate concentration, and fractional urate excretion Metabolism 46 9 1997 1085 1089
48. S.P. Hsu, M.F. Pai, Y.S. Peng, C.K. Chiang, T.I. Ho, and K.Y. Hung Serum uric acid levels show a 'J-shaped' association with all-cause mortality in haemodialysis patients Nephrol Dial Transplant 19 2004 457 462
49. A. Mazza, S. Zamboni, and E. Rizzato, et al. Serum uric acid shows a J-shaped trend with coronary mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetic elderly people The CArdiovascular STudy in the ELderly (CASTEL) Acta Diabetol 44 2007 99 105
50. R.P. Obermayr, C. Temml, G. Gutjahr, M. Knechtelsdorfer, R. Oberbauer, and R. Klauser-Braun Elevated uric acid increases the risk for kidney disease J Am Soc Nephrol 19 2008 2407 2413
51. K. Iseki, Y. Ikemiya, T. Inoue, C. Iseki, K. Kinjo, and S. Takishita Significance of hyperuricemia as a risk factor for developing ESRD in a screened cohort Am J Kidney Dis 44 4 2004 642 650
52. A.E. Hak, and H.K. Choi Menopause, postmenopausal hormone use and serum uric acid levels in US women - the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Arthritis Res Ther 10 2008 R116