The effects of pre-disease risk factors within metabolic syndrome on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

Volumn 82, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 148-156

  Tsai, Shan Pou ^a   Wen, Chi Pang ^b   Chan, Hui Ting ^b   Chiang, Po Huang ^b   Tsai, Min Kuang ^b   Cheng, Ting Yuan David ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b NATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTES   (Taiwan)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

All cause mortality; Cardiovascular disease mortality; Metabolic syndrome; Pre disease; Relative risk

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MORTALITY; OBESITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL;

ADULT; AMBULATORY CARE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHINA; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING; SURVIVAL RATE;

EID: 53149093174     PISSN: 01688227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2008.07.016     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Eckel R.H., Grundy S.M., and Zimmet P.Z. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 365 (2005) 1415-1428
2. Ford E.S., Giles W.H., and Dietz W.H. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 287 (2002) 356-359
3. Girman C.J., Dekker J.M., Rhodes T., Nijpels G., Stehouwer C.D.A., Bouter L.M., et al. An exploratory analysis of criteria for the metabolic syndrome and its prediction of long-term cardiovascular outcomes. Am. J. Epidemiol. 162 (2005) 438-447
4. Gu D., Reynolds K., Wu X., Chen J., Duan X., Robert R., et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and overweight among adults in China. Lancet 365 (2005) 1398-1405
5. Ford E.S. Risk for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diab. Care 28 (2005) 1769-1778
6. Wannamethee S.G., Shaper A.G., Lennon L., and Morris R.W. Metabolic syndrome vs Framingham Risk Score for prediction of coronary heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch. Intern. Med. 165 (2006) 2644-2650
7. World Health Organization, Report of a WHO consultation: definition of metabolic syndrome in definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. I: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus, Department of Noncommunicable Disease Surveillance, Geneva, 1999.
8. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Program (NCEP). Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Pane III). JAMA 285 (2001) 2486-2497
9. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 106 (2002) 3143-3421
10. Alberti K.G., Zimmet P., and Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome-a new world wide definition. A consensus statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diab. Med 23 (2006) 469-480
11. Grundy S.M., Cleeman J.I., Daniels S.R., Donato K.A., Eckel R.H., Franklin B.A., et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement. Circulation 112 (2005) 2735-2752
12. Einhorn D., Reaven G.M., Cobin R.H., Ford E., Ganda O.P., Handelsman Y., et al. American College of Endocrinology position statement on the insulin resistance syndrome. Endocr. Pract. 9 (2003) 237-252
13. Kahn R., Buse J., Ferrannini E., and Stern M. The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal. Diab. Care 28 (2005) 2289-2304
14. Blaha M., and Elasy T.A. Clinical use of the metabolic syndrome: why the confusion?. Clin. Diab. 24 (2006) 125-131
15. Reynolds K., Muntner P., and Fonseca V. Metabolic syndrome underrated or underdiagnosed?. Diab. Care 28 (2005) 1831-1832
16. Ford E.S. Rarer than a blue moon: the use of a diagnostic code for the metabolic syndrome in the U.S. Diab. Care 28 (2005) 1808-1809
17. Stern M.P., Hunt K.J., Williams K., Haffner S.M., and Gonzalez-Villalpando C. Does the metabolic syndrome improve identification of individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease?. Diab. Care 27 (2004) 2676-2681
18. Kahn R. The metabolic syndrome (emperor) wears no clothes. Diab. Care 29 (2006) 1693-1696
19. Sundstrom J., Zethelius B., Vallhageen E., Berne C., Riserus U., Lind L., et al. Risk associated with the metabolic syndrome versus the sum of its individual components. Diab. Care 29 (2006) 1673-1674
20. Nigam A., Bourassa M.G., Fortier A., Guertin M., and Tardif J. The metabolic syndrome and its components and the long-term risk of death in patients with coronary heart disease. Am. Heart J. 151 (2006) 514-521
21. Kahn R., Buse J., Ferrannini E., and Stern M. The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal: joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes response to Citrome et al., Giugliano and Esposito, Cheta, and Psaty et al. Diab. Care 29 (2006) 177-178
22. Vasan R.S., Sullivan L.M., Wilson P.W.F., Sempos C.T., Sundstrom J., Kannel P.W.B., et al. Relative importance of borderline and elevated levels of coronary heart disease risk factors. Ann. Intern. Med. 142 (2005) 393-402
23. Wen C.P., Cheng T.Y., Tsai S.P., Hsu H.L., Wang S.L., et al. Increased mortality risks of Pre-diabetes (Impaired Fasting Glucose) in Taiwan. Diab. Care 28 (2005) 2756-2761
24. Wen C.P., Tsai S.P., Chen C.J., and Cheng T.Y. The mortality risks of smokers in Taiwan Part I: Cause specific mortality. Prev. Med. 39 (2004) 528-535
25. Wen C.P., Tsai S.P., Cheng T.Y., Chung W.S.I., Chan H.T., Chen C.J., et al. Excess injury mortality among smokers- a neglected tobacco hazard. Tob. Control 14 (2005) i28-i32
26. Grundy S.M. Does the metabolic syndrome exist?. Diab. Care 29 (2006) 1689-1692
27. The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diab. Care 26 (2003) 3160-3167
28. Davidson M.B., Landsman P.B., and Alexander C.M. Lowering the criterion for impaired fasting glucose will not provide clinical benefit. Diab. Care 26 (2003) 3329-3330
29. Genuth S. Lowering the criterion for impaired fasting glucose is in order. Diab. Care 26 (2003) 3331-3332
30. Schriger D.L., and Lorber B. Lowering the cut point for impaired fasting glucose: Where is the evidence? Where is the logic?. Diab. Care 27 (2004) 592-595
31. Chobanian A.V., Bakris G.L., Black H.R., Cushman W.C., Green L.A., Izzo J.L., et al. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 42 (2003) 1206-1252
32. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report by NHLBI/NIH: National Institutes of Health, 1998.
33. The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diab. Care 26 (2003) S5-S20
34. Dzien A., Dzien-Bischinger C., Hoppichler F., and Lechleitner M. The metabolic syndrome as a link between smoking and cardiovascular disease. Diab. Obes. Metab. 6 (2004) 127-132
35. Oh S.W., Yoon Y.S., Lee E.S., Kim W.K., Park C., Lee S., et al. Association between cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diab. Care 28 (2005) 2064-2066