The efficiency and mechanisms of catalytic ozonation

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

Volumn 99, Issue 1-2, 2010, Pages 27-42

  Nawrocki, Jacek ^a   Kasprzyk Hordern, Barbara ^b  

^a ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY   (Poland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HUDDERSFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Advanced oxidation processes; AOPs; Catalytic ozonation; Heterogeneous; Homogeneous; Ozonation; Two phase ozonation

Indexed keywords

ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES; AOPS; CATALYTIC OZONATION; HETEROGENEOUS; HOMOGENEOUS; OZONATION;

CATALYTIC OXIDATION; CHEMICALS REMOVAL (WATER TREATMENT); INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT; OXIDATION RESISTANCE; OZONE; OZONIZATION; WASTEWATER; WASTEWATER TREATMENT;

OZONE WATER TREATMENT;

EID: 77955843200     PISSN: 09263373     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.06.033     Document Type: Review

References (184)

1. Dhandapani B., Oyama S.T. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 1997, 11:129-166.
2. Oyama S.T. Catalysis Reviews: Science and Engineering 2000, 42:279-322.
3. Kowal A.L., Świderska-Bróż M. Oczyszczanie wody. Wydawnictwo Naukowe 2007, PWN, Warszawa.
4. Langlais B., Reckhow D.A., Brink D.R. Ozone in Water Treatment: Application and Engineering 1991, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI, USA.
5. Water Treatment Handbook 2007, Degremont, Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, France.
6. Water Quality and Treatment, A Handbook of Community Water Supplies 1999, American Water Works Association/McGraw-Hill, Inc. fifth edition. R.D. Letterman (Ed.).
7. Uzdatnianie wody. Procesy chemiczne i biologiczne 2000, PWN, Poznań-Warszawa. J. Nawrocki, S. Biłozor (Eds.).
8. Beltrán F.J. Ozone Reaction Kinetics for Water and Wastewater Systems 2004, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton.
9. Legube B., Karpel Vel Leitner N. Catalysis Today 1999, 53:61-72.
10. Pirkanniemi K., Sillanpää M. Chemosphere 2002, 48:1047-1060.
11. Kasprzyk-Hordern B., Ziółek M., Nawrocki J. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2003, 46:639-669.
12. Gromadzka K., Nawrocki J. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2006, 28:85-94.
13. Gracia R., Aragües J.L., Ovelleiro J.L. Ozone: Science and Engineering 1996, 18:195-208.
14. Piera E., Calpe J.C., Brillas E., Domènech X., Peral J. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2000, 27:169-177.
15. Sauleda R., Brillas E. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2001, 29:135-145.
16. Pines D.S., Reckhow D.A. Environmental Science and Technology 2002, 36:4046-4051.
17. Beltrán F.J., Rivas F.J., Montero-de-Espinosa R. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2003, 42:3210-3217.
18. Beltrán F.J., Rivas F.J., Montero-de-Espinosa R. Water Research 2005, 39:3553-3564.
19. PIi Y., Ernst M., Schrotter J-C.H. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2003, 25:393-397.
20. Abd El-Raady A.A., Nakajima T. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2005, 27:11-18.
21. Cortés S., Sarasa J., Ormad P., Gracia R., Ovelleiro J.L. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2000, 22:415-426.
22. Logager T., Holeman J., Sehested K., Pedersen T. Inorganic Chemistry 1992, 31:3523-3529.
23. Gracia R., Aragües J.L., Cortés S., Ovelleiro J.L. 12th World Congress of the International Ozone Association 1995, 75.
24. Andreozzi R., Caprio V., Insola A., Marotta R., Tufano V. Water Research 1998, 32:1492-1496.
25. Andreozzi R., Insola A., Caprio V., Marotta R., Tufano V. Applied Catalysis A: General 1996, 138:75-81.
26. Ma J., Graham N.J.D. Water Research 2000, 34:3822-3828.
27. Ma J., Graham N.J.D. Water Research 1999, 33:785-793.
28. Xiao H., Liu R., Zhao X., Qu J. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 2008, 286:149-155.
29. Xiao H., Liu R., Zhao X., Qu J. Chemosphere 2008, 72:1006-1012.
30. Sánchez-Polo M., Rivera-Utrilla J. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 2004, 79:902-909.
31. Trapido M., Veressinina Y., Munter R., Kallas J. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2005, 27:359-363.
32. Carbajo M., Rivas F.J., Beltrán F.J., Alvares P., Medina F. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2006, 28:229-235.
33. Beltrán F.B., Rivas F.J., Montero-de-Espinosa R. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2003, 42:3218-3224.
34. Pines D.S., Reckhow D.A. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2003, 25:25-39.
35. Roscoe J.M., Abbatt J.P.D. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2005, 109:9028-9034.
36. Zhang T., Li C., Ma J., Tian H., Qiang Z. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2008, 82:131-137.
37. Zhang T., Lu J., Ma J., Qiang Z. Chemosphere 2008, 71:911-921.
38. Yang Y., Ma J., Qin Q., Zhai X. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 2007, 267:41-48.
39. Faria P.C.C., Órfão J.J.M., Pereira M.F.M. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2008, 79:237-243.
40. Sánchez-Polo M., Rivera-Utrilla J. Carbon 2003, 41:303-307.
41. Tong S.-P., Liu W.-P., Leng W.-H., Zhang Q.-Q. Chemosphere 2003, 50:1359-1364.
42. Ma J., Graham N.J.D. Ozone: Science and Engineering 1997, 19:227-240.
43. Faria P.C.C., Monteiro D.C.M., Órfão J.J.M., Pereira M.F.M. Chemosphere 2009, 74:818-824.
44. Dong Y., Yang H., He K., Song S., Zhang A. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2009, 85:155-161.
45. Alsheyab M.A., Muñoz A.H. Desalination 2007, 207:179-183.
46. Cooper C., Burch R. Water Research 1999, 33:3695-3700.
47. Kasprzyk B., Nawrocki J. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2002, 24:63-68.
48. Kasprzyk-Hordern B., Nawrocki J. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2003, 25:185-194.
49. Kasprzyk-Hordern B., Andrzejewski P., Da{ogonek}browska A., Czaczyk K., Nawrocki J. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2004, 51:51-66.
50. Kasprzyk-Hordern B., Raczyk-Stanisławiak U., Świetlik J., Nawrocki J. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2006, 62:345-358.
51. Ernst M., Lurot F., Schotter J.-C.H. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2004, 47:15-25.
52. Beltrán F.J., Rivas F.J., Montero-de-Espinosa R. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2004, 47:101-109.
53. Álvarez P.M., Beltrán F.J., Pocostales J.P., Masa F.J. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2007, 72:322-330.
54. Chen L., Qi F., Xu B., Xu Z., Shen J., Li K. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 2006, 6:43-51.
55. Qi F., Xu B., Chen Z., Ma J., Sun D., Zhang L. Separation and Purification Technology 2009, 66:405-410.
56. Qi F., Chen Z., Xu B., Shen J., Ma J., Joll C., Heitz A. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2008, 84:684-690.
57. Lin J., Kawai A., Nakajima T. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2002, 39:157-165.
58. Jekel M., Seith R. Water Supply 2000, 18:628-631.
59. Park J.-S., Choi H., Ahn K.-H. Water Science and Technology 2003, 47:179-184.
60. Park J.-S., Choi H., Ahn K.-H., Kang J.-W. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2004, 26:141-151.
61. Park J.-S., Choi H., Cho J. Water Research 2004, 38:2285-2292.
62. Zhang T., Ma J. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 2008, 279:82-89.
63. Zhang T., Lu J., Ma J., Qiang Z. Water Research 2008, 42:1563-1570.
64. Lee J.-E., Jin B.-S., Cho S.-H., Han S.-H., Joo O.-S., Jung K.-D. Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letter 2005, 85:65-71.
65. Zhang T., Chen W., Ma J., Qiang Z. Water Research 2008, 42:3651-3658.
66. Faria P.C.C., Órfão J.J.M., Pereira M.F.R. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2009, 88:341-350.
67. Martins R.C., Quinta-Ferreira R.M. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2009, 48:1196-1202.
68. Karpel Vel Leitner N., Delanoë F., Acedo B., Legube B. New Journal of Chemistry 2000, 24:229-233.
69. Xu Z.Z., Chen Z.L., Joll C., Ben Y., Shen J.M., Tao H. Catalysis Communications 2009, 10:1221-1225.
70. Rivas F.J., Beltrán F.J., Vera E., Gimeno O. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering 2004, 39:2915-2924.
71. Hu Ch., Xing S., Qu J., He H. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2008, 112:5978-5983.
72. Han F., Kambala V.S.R., Srinivasan M., Rajarathnam D., Naidu R. Applied Catalysis A: General 2009, 359:25-40.
73. Gaya U.I., Abdullah A.H. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews 2008, 9:1-12.
74. Chatterjee D., Dasgupta S. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews 2005, 6:186-205.
75. Suty H., de Traversay C., Cost M. Water Science and Technology 2004, 49:227-233.
76. Vinod V.P., Anirudhan T.S. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 2002, 77:102-116.
77. Chong M.N., Jin B., Christopher W.K.Chow, Chris Saint Water Research 2010, 10.1016/j.watres.2010.02.039.
78. Beltrán F.J., Rivas F.J., Montero-de-Espinosa R. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2002, 39:221-231.
79. Addamo M., Augugliaro V., García-López E., Loddo V., Marcì G., Palmisano L. Catalysis Today 2005, 107-108:612-618.
80. Ye M., Chen Z., Liu X., Ben Y., Shen J. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 167:1021-1027.
81. Rosal R., Rodrígez A., Gonzalo M.S., García-Calvo E. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2008, 84:48-57.
82. Rosal R., Gonzalo M.S., Rodríguez A., García-Calvo E. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 169:411-418.
83. Rosal R., Gonzalo M.S., Boltes K., Letón P., Vaquero J.J., García-Calvo E. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 172:1061-1068.
84. Zhang J., Lee K.-H., Cui L., Jeong T.-S. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2009, 15:185-189.
85. Jung H., Choi H. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2006, 66:288-294.
86. Muruganandham M., Wu J.J. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2008, 80:32-41.
87. Zeng Y.-F., Liu Z.-L., Qin Z.-Z. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 162:682-687.
88. Avramescu S.M., Bradu C., Udrea I., Mihalache N., Ruta F. Catalysis Communications 2008, 9:2386-2391.
89. Rajasekhar Pullabhotla V.S.R., Southway C., Jonnalagadda S.B. Catalysis Letters 2008, 124:118-126.
90. Qu J., Li H., Liu H., He H. Catalysis Today 2004, 90:291-296.
91. Udrea I., Bradu C. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2003, 25:335-343.
92. Qin W., Li X., Qi J. Langmuir 2009, 25:8001-8011.
93. Moussavi G., Mahmoudi M. Chemical Engineering Journal 2009, 152:1-7.
94. Sui M., Sheng L., Lu K., Tian F. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2010, 96:94-110.
95. Martins R.C., Quinta-Ferreira R.M. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2009, 90:268-277.
96. Fu H., Karpel Vel Leitner N., Legube B. New Journal of Chemistry 2002, 26:1662-1666.
97. Karpel Vel Leitner N., Fu H. Topics in Catalysis 2005, 33:249-256.
98. Delanoë F., Acedo B., Karpel Vel Leitner N., Legube B. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2001, 29:315-325.
99. Fonatnier V., Farines V., Albet J., Baig S., Moliner J. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2005, 27:115-128.
100. Zhao L., Ma J., Sun Z. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2008, 79:244-253.
101. Zhao L., Ma J., Sun Z., Liu Z., Yang Y. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China 2008, 2:44-50.
102. Zhao L., Ma J., Sun Z., Zhai X.-D. Environmental Science and Technology 2008, 42:4002-4007.
103. Zhao L., Ma J., Sun Z., Liu H. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 167:1119-1125.
104. Zhao L., Ma J., Sun Z., Zhai X.-D. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 161:988-994.
105. Hou Y.-J., Ma J., Sun Z., Yu Y.-H., Zhao L. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) 2006, 18:1065-1072.
106. Zhao L., Sun Z., Ma J., Liu H. Environmental Science and Technology 2009, 243:2047-2053.
107. Zhao L., Ma J., Sun Z., Zhai X.-D. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2008, 83:256-264.
108. Zhao L., Ma J., Sun Z., Liu H. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2009, 89:326-334.
109. Zhao L., Sun Z., Ma J. Environmental Science and Technology 2009, 43:4157-4163.
110. Azrague K., Osterhus S.W., Biomorgi J.G. Water Science and Technology 2009, 59:1209-1217.
111. Sotelo J.L., Ovejero G., Martinez F., Melero J.A., Milieni A. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2004, 47:281-294.
112. Rivas F.J., Carbajo M., Beltrán F.J., Acedo B., Gimeno O. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2006, 62:93-103.
113. Carbajo M., Beltrán F.J., Medina F., Gimeno O., Rivas F.J. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2006, 67:177-186.
114. Carbajo M., Beltrán F.J., Gimeno O., Acedo B., Rivas F.J. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2007, 74:203-210.
115. Sano N., Yamamoto T., Yamamoto D., Kim S.-I., Eiad-Ua A., Shinomiya H., Nakaiwa M. Chemical Engineering and Processing 2007, 46:513-519.
116. Dong Y., Yang H., He K., Wu X., Zhang A. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2008, 82:163-168.
117. Valdés H., Farfán V.J., Manoli J.A., Zaror C.A. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 165:915-922.
118. Valdes H., Murillo F.A., Manoli J.A., Zaror C.A. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2008, 153:1036-1042.
119. He K., Dong Y.M., Li Z., Yina L., Zhang A.M., Zheng Y.C. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2008, 159:587-592.
120. Qi F., Xu B., Chen Z., Ma J., Sun D., Zhang L., Wu F. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 168:246-252.
121. Kim B.-S., Fujita H., Sakai Y., Sakoda A., Suzuki M. Water Science and Technology 2002, 46:35-41.
122. Fujita H., Izumi J., Sagehashi M., Fujii T., Sakoda A. Water Research 2004, 38:159-165.
123. Fujita H., Izumi J., Sagehashi M., Fujii T., Sakoda A. Water Research 2004, 38:166-172.
124. Fujita H., Sagehashi M., Fujii T., Sakoda A., Izumi J. Adsorption 2005, 11:835-839.
125. Shiraishi K., Fujita H., Izumi J., Fujii T., Akiba M., Sagehashi M., Sakoda A. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 2004, 4:289-296.
126. Sagehashi M., Shiraishi K., Fujita H., Fujii T., Sakoda A. Water Research 2005, 39:2926-2934.
127. Sagehashi M., Shiraishi K., Fujita H., Fujii T., Sakoda A. Water Research 2005, 39:3900-3908.
128. McKay G., McAleavey G. Chemical Engineering Research & Design 1988, 66:531-536.
129. Zaror C.A. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 1997, 70:21-28.
130. Jans U., Hoigné J. Ozone: Science and Engineering 1998, 20:67-90.
131. Beltrán F.J., Rivas J., Álvarez P., Montero-de-Espinoza R. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2002, 24:227-237.
132. Bulanin K.M., Lavalley J.C., Tsiganenko A.A. Journal of Physical Chemistry 1995, 99:10294-10298.
133. Bulanin K.M., Lavalley J.C., Lamotte J., Mariey L., Tsyganienko N.M., Tsiganenko A.A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 1998, 102:6809-6816.
134. Beltrán F.J., Rivas J., Fernández R.A., Álvarez P., Montero-de-Espinoza R. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2002, 41:6510-6517.
135. Beltrán F.J., Acedo B., Rivas F.J., Gimeno O. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2005, 27:159-169.
136. Beltrán F.J., García-Araya J.H., Giráldez I. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2006, 63:249-259.
137. Gu L., Zhang X., Lei L. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2008, 47:6809-6815.
138. Ma J., Sui M.-H., Chen Z.-L., Wang L.-N. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2004, 26:3-10.
139. Beltrán F.J., Pocostales P., Alvarez P., Oropesa A. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 163:768-776.
140. Beltrán F.J., Pocostales J.P., Alvarez P.M., Jaramillo J. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 169:532-538.
141. Ma J., Sui M., Zhang T., Guan C. Water Research 2005, 39:779-786.
142. Li X., Zhang Q., Tang L., Lu P., Sun F., Li L. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 163:115-120.
143. Yamamoto T., Kim S.-I., Chaichanawong J., Apiluck E.-U., Ohmori T. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2009, 88:455-461.
144. Liu Z.-Q., Ma J., Zhao L. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China 2007, 1:482-487.
145. Liu Z.-Q., Ma J., Cui Y.-H. Carbon 2008, 48:890-897.
146. Liu Z.-Q., Ma J., Cui Y.-H., Zhang B.-P. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2009, 92:301-306.
147. Bin A.K. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2006, 28:67-75.
148. Bhattacharyya D., van Dierdock T.F., West S.D., Freshour A.R. Journal of Hazardous Materials 1995, 41:73-93.
149. Stich A.F., Bhattacharyya D. Environmental Progress 1987, 6:224-229.
150. Freshour A.R., Mawhinney S., Bhattacharyya D. Water Research 1996, 30:1949-1958.
151. Chang C.Y., Chen J.N. Water Science and Technology 1994, 29:343-346.
152. Chang C.Y., Chen J.N. Environment International 1995, 21:305-312.
153. Ward D.B., Tizaoui C., Slater M.J. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2004, 26:475-486.
154. Ward D.B., Tizaoui C., Slater M.J. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2003, 25:485-495.
155. Kasprzyk B., Nawrocki J. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2002, 24(1):63-68.
156. Nowak I., Kasprzyk B., Ziółek M., Nawrocki J. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 2002, 141:591-598.
157. Kasprzyk-Hordern B., Gromadzka K., Andrzejewski P., Nawrocki J. Ochrona Środowiska 2003, 25:65-69.
158. Kasprzyk-Hordern B., Da{ogonek}browska A., Świetlik J., Nawrocki J. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 2004, 3:41-50.
159. Kasprzyk-Hordern B., Da{ogonek}browska A., Świetlik J., Nawrocki J. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2004, 26:367-380.
160. Kasprzyk-Hordern P., Andrzejewski J., Nawrocki Ozone: Science and Engineering 2005, 27:301-310.
161. Erol F., Özbelge T.A. Chemical Engineering Journal 2008, 139:272-283.
162. Erol F., Özbelge T.A., Özbelge H.Ö. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A 2009, 44:295-306.
163. Tizaoui C., Slater M.J. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2003, 25:315-322.
164. Andreozzi R., Lo Casale M.S., Marotta R., Pinto G., Pollio A. Water Research 2000, 34:4419-4429.
165. Andreozzi R., Insola A., Caprio V., D'amore M.G. Water Research 1992, 26:917-921.
166. Andreozzi R., Caprio V., Marotta R., Tufano V. Water Research 2001, 35:109-120.
167. Andreozzi R., Marotta R., Sanchirico R. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 2000, 75:59-65.
168. Rivas F.J., Rodríguez E., Beltrán F.J., García-Araya J.F., Alvarez P. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B 2001, 36:317-330.
169. Ni C.-H., Chen J.-N., Yang P.-Y. Water Science and Technology 2002, 47:77-82.
170. Ksenofontova M.M., Mitrofanova A.N., Mamleeva N.A., Pryakhin A.N., Lunin V.V. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2003, 25:505-512.
171. Wu C.H.-H., Kuo C.H.-Y., Chang C.H.-L. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2008, 153:1052-1058.
172. Matheswaran M., Balaji S., Chung S.J., Moon I.S. Catalysis Communications 2007, 10:1497-1501.
173. Munter R., Trapido M., Veressinina Y. Proceedings of Estonian Academy of Sciences Chemistry 2005, 54:16-23.
174. Yunrui Z., Wanpeng Z., Fudong L., Jianbing W., Shaoxia Y. Chemosphere 2007, 66:145-150.
175. Ni C.H., Chen J.N. Water Science and Technology 2001, 43:213-220.
176. Gracia R., Cortés S., Sarasa J., Ormad P., Ovelleiro J.L. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2000, 22:461-471.
177. Gracia R., Cortés S., Sarasa J., Ormad P., Ovelleiro J.L. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2000, 22:185-193.
178. Gracia R., Cortés S., Sarasa J., Ormad P., Ovelleiro J.L. Water Research 2000, 34:1525-1532.
179. Volk C.H., Roche P., Joret J.C., Paillard H. Water Research 1997, 31:650-656.
180. Yang L., Hu Ch., Lunnie Y., Qu J. Environmental Science and Technology 2009, 43:2525-2529.
181. Lin J., Nakajima T., Jomoto T., Hiraiwa K. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2000, 22:241-247.
182. Karpel vel Leitner N., Delouane B., Legube B., Luck F. Ozone: Science and Engineering 1999, 21:261-276.
183. Ping T.S., Hua L.W., Qing Z.J., Nan C.C. Ozone: Science and Engineering 2002, 24:117-122.
184. Gromadzka K., Swietlik J. Water Research 2007, 41:2572-2580.