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Volumn 132, Issue 33, 2010, Pages 11398-11401

Visualization of a discrete solid-state process with steady-state X-ray diffraction: Observation of hopping of sulfur atoms in single crystals of realgar

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOCATALYTIC REACTIONS; SOLID-STATE PROCESS; STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; SULFUR ATOMS;

EID: 77955798072     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: 15205126     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja1030672     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (48)
  • 14
    • 77955777260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • A set of chemical reactions is "collectively autocatalytic" if some of those reactions produce catalysts, causing the entire set of chemical reactions to be self-sustaining if an input of energy and reactant molecules is provided.
  • 29
    • 77955784325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Although latent light-induced defect sites can never be entirely excluded, the aging of the sample in the dark (several months to years), the exclusion of visible light and use of filtered (λ > 660 nm) light during the experiments, and the absence of saturation of the photoyield at increased excitation densities (Figure 1 b) consistently disfavor significant contributions from such defects to the reaction. Moreover, to avoid contributions from any long-lived light-induced centers, in all of the measurements we used samples separated from the interior of larger crystalline blocks of the genuine material. Photoconductivity measurements on realgar crystals (see ref 8) have shown that the creation of a very small number of photocarriers occurs at ∼2.07 eV (600 nm), which is away from the main energy gap at 2.40 eV (516 nm). At 2.07 eV, absorption of realgar is significant, albeit very small. Thus, any stray incident light would be additionally filtered in the interior of the crystals, which further decreases the possibility of trapping light centers.
  • 30
    • 17744362265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 0-INAA (see: Stafilov, T., Angelov, N., Jaćimović, R., and Stibilj, V. Microchim. Acta 2005, 149, 229), the content of impurities in our realgar sample was typically in the ppm range, the highest being those of Fe (0.02731%), Ca (0.01547%), and Mg (0.00298%). At this level, the impurities are not expected to contribute significantly to the main photochemical reactions, which typically proceed with high yields and even to completion after long-term photoexcitation
    • (2005) Microchim. Acta , vol.149 , pp. 229
    • Stafilov, T.1    Angelov, N.2    Jaćimović, R.3    Stibilj, V.4
  • 33
    • 77955818354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • -2 caused complete degradation in <0.5 h. In mode 1, 11 datasets were collected in 5 days before complete disintegration of the crystal occurred. In mode 2, 31 datasets were collected in the dark within 8 days (see the SI). To assess the effects of long-term exposure to X-rays on the crystal quality, 24 control datasets were also collected during 6 days on a nonexcited, light-protected crystal.
  • 37
    • 0000732349 scopus 로고
    • note
    • n], where X (t) is the transformed fraction, t is the elapsed time from the start, k is the rate constant, and n is the Avrami exponent, a quantity related to the dimensionality of the reaction. See: Johnson, W. A. and Mehl, R. F. Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Metall. Pet. Eng. 1939, 135, 416
    • (1939) Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Metall. Pet. Eng. , vol.135 , pp. 416
    • Johnson, W.A.1    Mehl, R.F.2
  • 42
    • 37049172615 scopus 로고
    • 0, α = 0.5), and k is the rate constant. See
    • 0, α = 0.5), and k is the rate constant. See: Prout, E. G. and Tompkins, F. C. Trans. Faraday Soc. 1944, 40, 488
    • (1944) Trans. Faraday Soc. , vol.40 , pp. 488
    • Prout, E.G.1    Tompkins, F.C.2
  • 48
    • 77955838078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • It should be noted that the solid-state kinetic models such as those utilized here usually correlate the conversion extent (or a quantity proportional to it, such as the relative Raman band intensity employed here) with the reaction rate. However, because of the unavailabilty of such a quantity in our XRD experiment, where the conversion yield was not readily accessible, the change of the relative volume was considered in the analysis. As has been already pointed out elsewhere, (25) while this may be very useful, such an assumption may not always be entirely justified.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.