Observations of metallic species in Mercury's exosphere

Icarus

Volumn 209, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 75-87

  Killen, Rosemary M ^a   Potter, Andrew E ^b   Vervack, Ronald J ^c   Bradley, E Todd ^d   McClintock, William E ^e   Anderson, Carrie M ^a   Burger, Matthew H ^a  

^a NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^b NATIONAL OPTICAL ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY   (United States)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Mercury, Atmosphere; Mercury, Surface

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955770567     PISSN: 00191035     EISSN: 10902643     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.02.018     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Benna, M., and 17 colleagues, 2010. Modeling of the magnetosphere of Mercury at the time of the first MESSENGER flyby. Icarus, in press. doi:. doi:10.1016/j.icarus2009.11.036.
2. Berezhnoy A.A., Klumov B.A. Impacts as sources of the exosphere of Mercury. Icarus 2008, 195:511-522.
3. Bida T.A., Killen R.M., Morgan T.H. Discovery of Ca in the atmosphere of Mercury. Nature 2000, 404:159-161.
4. Borin P., Cremonese G., Marzari F., Bruno M., Marchi S. Statistical analysis of micrometeoroids flux on Mercury. Astron. Astrophys. 2009, 503:259-264.
5. Brown M.E. Potassium in Europa's Atmosphere. Icarus 2001, 151:190-195.
6. Burger, M.H., Killen, R.M., Vervack Jr., R.J., Bradley, T., McClintock, W.E., Sarantos, M., Benna, M., Mouawad, N., 2010. Monte Carlo modeling of sodium in Mercury's exosphere during the first two MESSENGER flybys. Icarus, submitted for publication.
7. Chamberlain J.W., Hunten D.M. Theory of Planetary Atmospheres 1987, Academic Press, Orlando, FL, 481pp.
8. Cheng A.F., Johnson R.E., Krimigis S.M., Lanzerotti L.J. Magnetosphere, exosphere and surface of Mercury. Icarus 1987, 71:430-440.
9. Cintala M.E. Impact-induced thermal effects in the lunar and mercurian regoliths. J. Geophys. Res. 1992, 97:947-973.
10. Fulle M., Leblanc F., Harrison R.A., Davis C.J., Eyles C.J., Halain J.P., Howard R.A., Bockelee-Morvan D., Cremonese G., Scarmato T. Discovery of the atomic iron tail of Comet McNaught using the heliospheric imager on STEREO. Astrophys. J. 2007, 661:L93-L96.
11. Gault W.A., Rundle H.N. Twilight observations of upper atmospheric sodium, potassium, and lithium. Can. J. Phys. 1969, 47:85-98.
12. Hayderer, G., and 11 colleagues, 2001. Kinetically assisted potential sputtering of insulators by highly charged ions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3530-3533.
13. Heiken G., Vaniman D., French B.M. Lunar Sourcebook: A User's Guide to the Moon 1991, Cambridge Univ. Press, 736pp.
14. Hine K., Yoshimura S., Kazumaska I., Kiuchi M., Hashimoto J., Terauchi M., Nishitani M., Hamaguchi S. Measurement of magnesium oxide sputtering yields by He and Ar ions with a low-energy mass-selected ion beam system. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2007, 46:L1132-L1134.
15. Huebner W.F., Keady J.J., Lyon S.P. Solar photo rates for planetary atmospheres and atmospheric pollutants. Astrophys. Space Sci. 1992, 195:1-294.
16. Joly A. Femtosecond time-resolved photon-stimulated desorption from ionic crystals. Appl. Surface Sci. 2002, 186:339-344.
17. Kallio, E., Janhunen, P., 2003. Solar wind and magnetospheric ion impact on Mercury's surface. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, SSC 2.1-2.4. doi:10.1029/2003GL017842.
18. Kallio, E., and 10 colleagues, 2008. On the impact of multiply charged heavy solar wind ions on the surface of Mercury, the Moon and Ceres. Planet. Space Sci. 56, 1506-1516.
19. Killen R.M. Crustal diffusion of gases out of Mercury and the Moon. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1989, 16:171-174.
20. Killen R.M., Morgan T.H. Diffusion of Na and K in the uppermost regolith of Mercury. J. Geophys. Res. 1993, 98:23589-23601.
21. Killen R.M., Morgan T.H. Erratum: Diffusion of Na and K in the uppermost regolith of Mercury [J. Geophys. Res. 98, 23589-23601]. J. Geophys. Res. 1994, 99:10937.
22. Killen R.M., Sarantos M. Source rates and ion recycling rates for Na and K in Mercury's atmosphere. Icarus 2004, 171:1-19.
23. Killen R.M., Potter A.E., Morgan T.H. Spatial distribution of sodium vapor in the atmosphere of Mercury. Icarus 1990, 85:145-167.
24. Killen R.M., Potter A.E., Reiff P., Sarantos M., Jackson B.V., Hick P., Giles B. Evidence for space weather at Mercury. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106:20509-20525.
25. Killen R.M., Bida T.A., Morgan T.H. The calcium exosphere of Mercury. Icarus 2005, 173:300-311.
26. Killen R.M., Shemansky D.E., Mouawad N. Expected emission from Mercury's exospheric species, and their UV-visible signatures. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 2009, 181:351-359.
27. Kurucz, R.L., Furenlid, I., Brault, J., Testerman, L., 1984. Solar Flux Atlas from 296 to 1300nm. National Solar Observatory Atlas No. 1, Tucson, Ariz.
28. Lodders K., Fegley B. The Planetary Scientist's Companion 1998, Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 371pp.
29. Love S.G., Brownlee D.E. A direct measurement of the terrestrial mass accretion rate of cosmic dust. Science 1993, 262:550-553.
30. Madey, T.E., Yakshinskiy, B.V., 1997. Desorption of Na from model mineral surfaces: Relevance to origins of Na in the atmospheres of Mercury and the Moon. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. #13.07 (abstract) 29, 987.
31. Madey T.E., Yakshinskiy B.V., Ageev V.N., Johnson R.E. Desorption of alkali atoms and ions from oxide surfaces: Relevance to origins of Na and K in the atmospheres of Mercury and the Moon. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103:5873-5887. 10.1029/98JE00230.
32. McClintock W.E., Lankton M.R. The Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer for the MESSENGER mission. Space Sci. Rev. 2007, 131:481-521.
33. McClintock W.E., Vervack R.J., Bradley E.T., Killen R.M., Mouawad N., Sprague A.L., Burger M.H., Solomon S.C., Izenberg N.R. MESSENGER observations of Mercury's exosphere: Detection of magnesium and distributions of species. Science 2009, 324:610-613.
34. Melosh H.J. Impact Cratering - A Geologic Process 1989, Oxford University Press, 253pp.
35. Morgan T.H., Killen R.M. Production mechanisms for faint but possibly detectable coronae about asteroids. Planet. Space Sci. 1998, 46:843-850.
36. Morgan T.H., Zook H.A., Potter A.E. Impact-driven supply of sodium and potassium to the atmosphere of Mercury. Icarus 1988, 75:156-170.
37. Murthy N.S., Bagare S.P. Dissociation energy of MgO from the true potential curve. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 1978, 11:623-626.
38. Nyquist L.E., Wooden J., Bansal B., Weismann H., McKay G., Bogard D.D. Rb-Sr age of the Shergotty achondrite and implications for metamorphic resetting of isochron ages. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1979, 43:1057-1074.
39. Potter A.E., Morgan T.H. Discovery of sodium and potassium vapor in the atmosphere of the moon. Science 1988, 241:675-680.
40. Potter A.E., Morgan T.H. Sodium and potassium atmospheres of Mercury. Planet. Space Sci. 1997, 45:95-100.
41. Potter A.E., Anderson C.M., Killen R.M., Morgan T.H. Ratio of sodium to potassium in the Mercury exosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107:5040. 10.1029/2000JE001493.
42. Ralchenko, Yu., Kramida, A.E., Reader, J., and the NIST ASD Team, 2008. NIST Atomic Spectra Database (online). National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md.
43. Roth J. Chemical sputtering. Sputtering by Particle Bombardment II 1983, 91-141. Springer-Verlag, New York. R. Behrisch (Ed.).
44. Sarantos, M., 2005. Ion Trajectories in Mercury's Magnetosphere. Ph.D. Dissertation, Rice University Publication AAT 3176074, Houston, 81pp.
45. Sarantos M., Killen R.M., Kim D. Predicting the long-term solar wind ion-sputtering source at Mercury. Planet. Space Sci. 2007, 55:1584-1595.
46. Snow, M., Woods, T.N., Eparvier, F.G., Fontenla, J., Harder, J., McClintock, W.E., and the LISIRD Team, 2005. The LASP Interactive Solar IRradiance Datacenter (LISIRD). Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union (Fall Suppl.) 86 (52). Abstract IN-33B-1180.
47. Southworth, R.B., Sekinina, Z., 1973. Physical and Dynamical Studies of Meteors. NASA CR-2316.
48. Sprague A.L., Kozlowski R.W.H., Hunten D.M. Caloris basin: An enhanced source for potassium in Mercury's atmosphere. Science 1990, 249:1140-1143.
49. Wang W.-M. Relating the solar wind helium abundance to the coronal magnetic field. Astrophys. J. 2008, 683:499-509.
50. Yakshinskiy B.V., Madey T.E. Photon-stimulated desorption as a substantial source of sodium in the lunar atmosphere. Nature 1999, 400:642-644.
51. Yakshinskiy B.V., Madey T.E. Photon-stimulated desorption of Na from a lunar sample: Temperature-dependent effects. Icarus 2004, 168:53-59.
52. 2 films: Comparison with a lunar sample. Surface Sci. 2005, 593:202-209.