Research at the auction block

Hastings Center Report

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 34-45

  London, Alex John ^a   Zollman, Kevin J S ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ETHICS; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PUBLIC RELATIONS; RESEARCH ETHICS; SOCIAL JUSTICE;

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; COMMUNITY-INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS; ETHICS, RESEARCH; HEALTH RESOURCES; HUMANS; INTERNATIONALITY; SOCIAL JUSTICE;

EID: 77955736042     PISSN: 00930334     EISSN: 1552146X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/hcr.0.0281     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. For a scathing criticism of the proliferation of procedural approaches to controversial questions in bioethics.
2. see R. Ashcroft, "Fair Process and the Redundancy of Bioethics: A Polemic," Public Health Ethics 1, no. 1 (2008): 3-9.
3. Participants in the 2001 Conference on Ethical Aspects of Research in Developing Countries, "Fair Benefits for Research in Developing Countries," Science 298 (2002): 2133-34;
4. Participants in the 2001 Conference on Ethical Aspects of Research in Developing Countries, "Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries: From 'Reasonable Availability' to 'Fair Benefits,'" Hastings Center Report 34, no. 3 (2004): 17-27.
5. Charles Weijer and Guy LeBlanc have also argued that what benefits members of host communities receive for participating in a clinical trial should be determined by a process of "moral negotiation," and they cite with approval some of the recommendations of the fair benefits approach. The analysis provided here would therefore apply also to their process of "moral negotiation." C. Weijer and G.J. LeBlanc, "The Balm of Gilead: Is the Provision of Treatment to Those Who Seroconvert in HIV Prevention Trials a Matter of Moral Obligation or Moral Negotiation?" Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics 34, no. 4 (2006): 793-808.
6. Department of Health and Human Services, The Globalization of Clinical Trials: A Growing Challenge in Protecting Human Subjects (Washington, D.C.: Office of Inspector General, 2001, OEI-01-00-00190);
7. F.A. Thiers, A.J. Sinskey, and E.R. Berndt, "Trends in the Globalization of Clinical Trials," Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 7 (2008): 13-14.
8. M. Angell, "The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World," New England Journal of Medicine 337 (1997): 847-49;
9. P. Laurie and S.M. Wolf, "Unethical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Developing Countries," New England Journal of Medicine 337 (1997): 853-56;
10. R.A. Crouch and J.D. Arras, "AZT Trials and Tribulation," Hastings Center Report 28, no. 6 (1998): 26-34;
11. L.H. Glantz et al., "Research in Developing Countries: Taking 'Benefit' Seriously," Hastings Center Report 28, no. 6 (1998): 38-42;
12. G.J. Annas and M.A. Grodin, "Human Rights and Maternal- Fetal HIV Transmission Prevention Trials in Africa," American Journal of Public Health 88, no. 4 (1998): 560-63;
13. S.R. Benatar, "Global Disparities in Health and Human Rights: A Critical Commentary," American Journal of Public Health 88 (1998): 295-300;
14. A. Attaran, "Human Rights and Biomedical Research Funding for the Developing World: Discovering State Obligations under the Right to Health," Health and Human Rights 4 (1999): 27-58;
15. S.R. Benatar and P.A. Singer, "A New Look at International Research Ethics," British Medical Journal 321 (2000): 17-36;
16. R. Macklin, "After Helsinki: Unresolved Issues in International Research," Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 11 (2001): 17-36;
17. D.B. Resnik, "Developing Drugs for the Developing World: An Economic, Legal, Moral, and Political Dilemma," Developing World Bioethics 1, no. 1 (2001): 11-32;
18. S.R. Benatar, A.S. Daar, and P.A. Singer, "Global Health Ethics: The Rationale," International Affairs 79 (2003): 107-138;
19. J.H. Flory and P. Kitcher, "Global Health and the Scientific Research Agenda," Philosophy and Public Affairs 32 (2004): 36-65;
20. A.J. London, "Justice and the Human Development Approach to International Research," Hastings Center Report 35, no. 1 (2005): 24-37.
21. Annas and Grodin, "Human Rights and Maternal-Fetal HIV Transmission Prevention Trials in Africa."
22. The Council for International Organizations of Medical Science holds that, "As a general rule, the sponsoring agency should agree in advance of the research that any product developed through such research will be made reasonably available to the inhabitants of the host community or country at the completion of successful testing. Exceptions to this general requirement should be justified and agreed to by all concerned parties before the research begins." Council for International Organizations of Medical Science, International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects (Geneva, Switzerland: Council for International Organizations of Medical Science, 1993), guideline 15.
23. A. Wertheimer, "Exploitation in Clinical Research," in Exploitation and Developing Countries: The Ethics of Clinical Research, ed. J.S. Hawkins and E.J. Emanuel (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2008), 63-104.
24. Participants, "Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries," 19.
25. Ibid., 21.
26. This point is also emphasized in Weijer and LeBlanc, "The Balm of Gilead."
27. E.J. Emanuel, "Benefits to Host Communities," in The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics, ed. E.J. Emanuel et al. (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2008), 719-28, at 724-25.
28. Participants, "Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries," 20.
29. Emanuel, "Benefits to Host Communities," 725.
30. See also S. Gbadegesin and D. Wendler, "Protecting Communities in Health Research from Exploitation," Bioethics 20, no. 5 (2006): 248-53, at 251.
31. See also Participants, "Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries," 22.
32. Emanuel, "Benefits to Host Communities," 725.
33. See also Gbadegesin and Wendler, "Protecting Communities in Health Research," 251,
34. Participants, "Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries," 23.
35. Gbadegesin and Wendler, "Protecting Communities in Health Research," 251.
36. Participants, "Fair Benefits for Research in Developing Countries," 2133.
37. Participants, "Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries," 23. The letters here and following are not part of the quoted material, but are assigned for ease of reference in the text.
38. Ibid..
39. Ibid., 22,
40. Participants, "Fair Benefits for Research in Developing Countries," 2134.
41. Participants, "Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries," 22.
42. Ibid., 20.
43. Ibid., 23.
44. A.J. London, "Justice and the Human Development Approach to International Research," Hastings Center Report 35, no. 1 (2005): 24-37.
45. Emanuel, "Benefits to Host Communities," 725.
46. Participants, "Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries," 24.
47. R.B. Myerson, "Optimal Auction Design," Mathematics of Operations Research 6, no. 1 (1981): 58-73;
48. J.G. Riley and W.F. Samuelson, "Optimal Auctions," American Economic Review 71, no. 3 (1981): 381-92.
49. For a brief overview of repeated auctions, see P. Klemperer, Auctions: Theory and Practice (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004), section 1.10.3.
50. A. Petryna, "Clinical Trials Offshored: On Private Sector Science and Public Health," BioSocieties 2 (2007): 21-40.
51. Ibid..
52. J. McManus and T. Saywell, "The Lure to Cure," Far Eastern Economic Review (February 8, 2001): 32-37.
53. Participants, "Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries," 23.
54. Participants, "Fair Benefits for Research in Developing Countries," 2133.