Clinical concepts of dry socket

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Volumn 68, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 1922-1932

  Cardoso, Camila Lopes ^a   Rodrigues, Moacyr Tadeu Vicente ^a   Ferreira Jr , Osny ^a   Garlet, Gustavo Pompermaier ^a   De Carvalho, Paulo Sérgio Perri ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BENZOIC ACID; CHLORHEXIDINE; CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE; CLAVULANIC ACID; HYDROCORTISONE; LINCOMYCIN; METRONIDAZOLE; OXYTETRACYCLINE; PENICILLIN G; PLACEBO; POLYLACTIC ACID; SULFANILAMIDE; SULFATHIAZOLE; TETRACYCLINE; TRANEXAMIC ACID;

ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; HUMAN; MOUTH HYGIENE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROPHYLAXIS; REVIEW; TOOTH EXTRACTION; TOOTH PAIN; TREATMENT RESPONSE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

EID: 77955656218     PISSN: 02782391     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.09.085     Document Type: Article

References (119)

1. I.R. Blum Contemporary views on dry socket (alveolar osteitis): A clinical appraisal of standardization, aetiopathogenesis and management: A critical review Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 31 2002 309
2. R.C. Colby The general practitioner's perspective of the etiology, prevention, and treatment of dry socket Gen Dent 45 1997 461
3. T.L. Al-Khateeb, A.I. El-Marsafi, and N.P. Butler The relationship between the indications for the surgical removal of impacted third molars and the incidence of alveolar osteitis Oral Maxillofac Surg 49 1991 141
4. P.S. Turner A clinical study of "dry socket" Int J Oral Surg 11 1982 226
5. A.R. Noroozi, and R.F. Philbert Modern concepts in understanding and management of the "dry socket" syndrome: Comprehensive review of the literature Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 107 2009 30
6. J.Y. Crawford Dry sockets after extraction Dent Cosmos 38 1896 929
7. M. Fazakerlev, and E.A. Field Dry socket: A painful post-extraction complication (a review) Dent Uptade 18 1991 31
8. A.E. Swanson A double-blind study on the effectiveness of tetracycline in reducing the incidence of fibrinolytic alveolitis J Oral Maxillofac Surg 47 1989 165
9. T. Sasaki, and T. Okamoto Topical treatment of infections of alveolar socket infections following dental extraction Rev Bras Odontol 25 1968 82
10. N.R. Calhoun Dry socket and other postoperative complications Dent Clin North Am 15 1971 337
11. J. Rud Removal of impacted lower third molars with acute pericoronitis and necrotizing gingivitis Br J Oral Surg 7 1970 153
12. J.P. Rood, and M. Danford Metronidazole in the treatment of "dry socket" Int J Oral Surg 10 1981 345
13. C.C. Alling III, J.F. Helfrick, and R.D. Alling Impacted Teeth 1993 WB Saunders Philadelphia
14. N. Trieger, and G.D. Schlagel Preventing dry socket: A simple procedure that works J Am Dent Assoc 122 1991 67
15. D.P. Butler, and J.B. Sweet Effect of lavage on the incidence of localized osteitis in mandibular third molar extraction sites Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 44 1977 14
16. E.H. Hansen Alveolitis sicca dolorosa (dry socket): Frequency of occurrence and treatment with trypsin J Oral Surg Anesth Hosp Dent Serv 18 1960 409
17. C.B. Hermesch, T.J. Hilton, A.R. Biesbrock, et al. Perioperative use of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate for the prevention of alveolar osteitis: Efficacy and risk factor analysis Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 85 1998 381
18. K. Oikarinen True and nonspecific alveolitis sicca dolorosa related to operative removal of mandibular third molars Proc Finn Dent Soc 85 1989 435
19. D. Torres-Lagares, M.A. Serrera-Figallo, M.M. Romero-Ruiz, et al. Update on dry socket: A review of the literature Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 10 2005 77
20. P.S. Faillo Proteolytic enzyme treatment for the necrotic alveolar socket (dry socket) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1 1948 608
21. H. Birn Etiology and pathogenesis of fibrinolytic alveolitis ("dry socket") Int J Oral Surg 2 1973 211
22. M.H. Amler Pathogenesis of disturbed extraction wounds J Oral Surg 31 1973 666
23. P.J. Vezeau Dental extraction wound management: Medicating postextraction sockets J Oral Maxillofac Surg 58 2000 531
24. H. Birn Bacteremia and fibrinolytic activity in "dry socket" Acta Odontol Scand 28 1970 773
25. H. Birn Fibrinolytic activity of alveolar bone in "dry socket" Acta Odontol Scand 30 1972 23
26. H. Birn, and O. Myhre-Jensen Cellular fibrinolytic activity of human alveolar bone Int J Oral Surg 1 1972 121
27. P.S.P. Carvalho, T. Okamoto, and A.C.P. Carvalho The influence of intra-alveolar curettage on wound healing after tooth extraction: A histological study in rats J Nihon Univ Sch Dent 24 1982 28
28. J.E. Catellani Review of factors contributing to dry socket through enhanced fibrinolysis J Oral Surg 37 1979 42
29. G.E. Lilly, D.B. Osbon, E.M. Rael, et al. Alveolar osteitis associated with mandibular third molar extractions J Am Dent Assoc 88 1974 802
30. A.L. Sisk, W.B. Hammer, D.W. Shelton, et al. Complications following removal of impacted third molars: The role of the experience of the surgeon J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44 1986 855
31. W. Jerjes, M. El-Maaytah, B. Swinson, et al. Experience versus complication rate in third molar surgery Head Face Med 2 2006 14
32. P.E. Larsen Alveolar osteitis after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars Identification of the patient at risk Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 73 1992 393
33. H.E. Simpson The healing of extraction wounds Br Dent J 126 1969 550
34. T.A. Silva, V.S. Lara, J.S. Silva, et al. Dentin sialoprotein and phosphoprotein induce neutrophil recruitment: A mechanism dependent on IL-1beta, TNF-beta, and CXC chemokines Calcif Tissue Int 74 2004 532
35. T.A. Silva, G.P. Garlet, S.Y. Fukada, et al. Chemokines in oral inflammatory diseases: Apical periodontitis and periodontal disease J Dent Res 86 2007 306
36. G.P. Garlet, C.R. Cardoso, A.P. Campanelli, et al. The dual role of p55 tumour necrosis factor-alpha receptor in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans- induced experimental periodontitis: Host protection and tissue destruction Clin Exp Immunol 147 2007 128
37. T.P. Garlet, U. Coelho, J.S. Silva, et al. Cytokine expression pattern in compression and tension sides of the periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement in humans Eur J Oral Sci 115 2007 355
38. A.T. Tsirlis, D.P. Lakovidis, and N.A. Parissis Dry socket: Frequency of occurrence after intraligamentary anesthesia Quintessence Int 23 1992 575
39. M. Penarrocha, J.M. Sanchis, and U. Saez Oral hygiene and postoperative pain after mandibular third molar surgery Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 92 2001 260 (Pubitemid 33608865)
40. L.R. Brown, S.S. Merrill, and R.E. Allen Microbiologic study of intraoral wounds J Oral Surg 28 1970 89
41. D. Videau, J.C. Blanchard, and M. Sebald Bucco-dental flora: Sensitivity to antibiotics and value of the spiramycin-metronidazole combination Ann Microbiol 124 1973 505
42. H.R. Ingham, F.J. Hood, P. Bradnum, et al. Metronidazole compared with penicillin in the treatment of acute dental infections Br J Oral Surg 14 1977 264
43. J.E.J. De Melo, M.J. Raposo, J.A. Lisboa Neto, et al. Medicinal plants in the healing of dry socket in rats: Microbiological and microscopic analysis Phytomedicine 9 2002 109
44. J. Rozanis, I. Schofield, and S.L. Kogon Simulated dry socket: Delayed healing of extraction wounds in rats Dent J 42 1976 41
45. D. Nitzan, J.F. Sperry, and T.D. Wilkins Fibrinolytic activity of oral anaerobic bacteria Arch Oral Biol 23 1978 465
46. R. Mitchell Treatment of fibrinolytic alveolitis by a collagen paste (formula K): A preliminary report Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 15 1986 127
47. M.N. Awang The aetiology of dry socket: A review Int Dent J 39 1989 236
48. S. Serrati, F. Margheri, and S. Bruschi Plasminogen activators and inhibitor type-1 in alveolar osteitis Eur J Oral Sci 114 2006 500 (Pubitemid 44893352)
49. M.E. Cohen, and J.W. Simecek Effects of gender-related factors on the incidence of localized alveolar osteitis Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 79 1995 416
50. J.B. Sweet, and D.P. Butler Increased incidence of postoperative localized osteitis in mandibular third molar surgery associated with patients using oral contraceptives Am J Obstet Gynecol 127 1977 518
51. J.B. Sweet, and D.P. Butler Predisposing and operative factors: Effect on the incidence of localized osteitis in mandibular third-molar surgery Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 46 1978 206
52. S.R. Schow Evaluation of postoperative localized osteitis in mandibular third molar surgery Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 38 1974 352
53. P. Chapnick, and L.H. Diamond A review of dry socket: A double-blind study on the effectiveness of clindamycin in reducing the incidence of dry socket J Can Dent Assoc 58 1992 43
54. A.G. Garcia, P.M. Grana, F.G. Sampedro, et al. Does oral contraceptive use affect the incidence of complications after extraction of a mandibular third molar? Br Dent J 194 2003 453
55. J. Ygge, S. Brody, K. Korsan-Bengtsen, et al. Changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in women receiving oral contraceptives: Comparison between treated and untreated women in a longitudinal study Am J Obstet Gynecol 104 1969 87
56. J.B. Sweet, and D.P. Butler The relationship of smoking to localized osteitis J Oral Surg 37 1979 732
57. G. Monaco, C. Staffolani, M.R. Gatto, et al. Antibiotic therapy in impacted third molar surgery Eur J Oral Sci 107 1999 437
58. M. Chiapasco, M. Crescentini, and G. Romanoni The extraction of the lower third molars: germectomy or late avulsion? Minerva Stomatol 43 1994 191
59. S.G. Grossi, J. Zambon, E.E. Machtei, et al. Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on healing after mechanical periodontal therapy J Am Dent Assoc 128 1997 599
60. P. Silverstein Smoking and wound healing Am J Med 93 1992 22S
61. W.T. Lawrence, R.C. Murphy, M.C. Robson, et al. The detrimental effect of cigarette smoking on flap survival: An experimental study in the rat Br J Plast Surg 37 1984 216
62. P.E. Cryer, M.W. Haymond, J.V. Santiago, et al. Norepinephrine and epinephrine release and adrenergic mediation of smoking-associated hemodynamic and metabolic events N Engl J Med 295 1976 573
63. F.A. Al-Belasy The relationship of "shisha" (water pipe) smoking to postextraction dry socket J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62 2004 10
64. M.J. Garcia Murcia, and M. Penarrocha Diago Alveolitos Seca: Revisión de la literatura y mataanálisis Rev Acta Odontoestomatol Esp 44 1994 25
65. J.R. Hooley, and D.P. Golden The effect of polylactic acid granules on the incidence of alveolar osteitis after mandibular third molar surgery: A prospective randomized study Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 80 1995 279
66. J.B. Sweet, D.P. Butler, and J.L. Drager Effects of lavage techniques with third molar surgery Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 41 1976 152
67. C.R. Bloomer Alveolar osteitis prevention by immediate placement of medicated packing Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 90 2000 282
68. W.H. Archer An analysis of 226 cases of alveolalgia J Dent Res 18 1939 256
69. H.D. Hall, B.S. Bildman, and C.D. Hand Prevention of dry socket with local application of tetracycline J Oral Surg 29 1971 35
70. D.R. Goldman, D.S. Kilgore, J.D. Panzer, et al. Prevention of dry socket by local application of lincomycin in Gelfoam Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 35 1973 472
71. W.M. Davis Jr, A.U. Buchs, and W.M. Davis The use of granular gelatin-tetracycline compound after third molar removal J Oral Surg 39 1981 466
72. L.L. Julius, R.W. Hungerford, W.J. Nelson, et al. Prevention of dry socket with local application of Terra-Cortril in Gelfoam J Oral Maxillofac Surg 40 1982 285
73. J.L. Rutledge, and R.M. Marcoot Terra-Cortril/Gelfoam for reduction of the incidence of localized osteitis following mandibular third molar removal J Oral Med 39 1984 51
74. K.L. Fridrich, and R.A. Olson Alveolar osteitis following surgical removal of mandibular third molars Anesth Prog 37 1990 32
75. J.K. Barclay Metronidazole and dry socket: Prophylactic use in mandibular third molar removal complicated by non-acute pericoronitis N Z Dent J 83 1987 71
76. C.J. Lloyd, and P.D. Earl Metronidazole: Two or three times daily - A comparative controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of two different dosing schedules of metronidazole for chemoprophylaxis following third molar surgery Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 32 1994 165
77. J.F. Piecuch, J. Arzadon, and S.E. Lieblich Prophylactic antibiotics for third molar surgery: A supportive opinion J Oral Maxillofac Surg 53 1995 53
78. P.W. Poeschl, D. Eckel, and E. Poeschl Postoperative prophylactic antibiotic treatment in third molar surgery - A necessity? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62 2004 3 (Pubitemid 38056121)
79. C. Delilbasi, U. Saracoglu, and A. Keskin Effects of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid on the prevention of alveolar osteitis following mandibular third molar extractions Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 94 2002 301
80. P.E. Larsen The effect of a chlorhexidine rinse on the incidence of alveolar osteitis following the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars J Oral Maxillofac Surg 49 1991 932
81. J.R. Ragno Jr, and A.J. Szkutnik Evaluation of 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse on the prevention of alveolar osteitis Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 72 1991 524
82. C.R. Schiott, H. Loe, S.B. Jensen, et al. The effect of chlorhexidine mouth rinses on the human oral flora J Periodontal Res 5 1970 84
83. J.E. Berwick, and M.E. Lessin Effects of a chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse on the incidence of alveolar osteitis in mandibular third molar surgery J Oral Maxillofac Surg 48 1990 444
84. P.E. Larsen Use of chlorhexidine to prevent alveolar osteitis J Oral Maxillofac Surg 48 1990 1244 (Pubitemid 20361471)
85. A. Caso, L.K. Hung, and O.R. Beirne Prevention of alveolar osteitis with chlorhexidine: A meta-analytic review Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 99 2005 155 (Pubitemid 40127189)
86. D. Torres-Lagares, J.L. Gutierrez-Perez, and P. Infante-Cossio Randomized, double-blind study on effectiveness of intra-alveolar chlorhexidine gel in reducing the incidence of alveolar osteitis in mandibular third molar surgery Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 35 2006 348 (Pubitemid 43286267)
87. L. Hedström, and P. Sjögren Effect estimates and methodological quality of randomized controlled trials about prevention of alveolar osteitis following tooth extraction: A systematic review Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 103 2007 8 (Pubitemid 44909520)
88. R.E. Alexander Dental extraction wound management: A case against medicating postextraction sockets J Oral Maxillofac Surg 58 2000 538
89. J. Schroff, and H.A. Bartels Painful sockets after extractions A preliminary report on the investigation of their etiology, prevention and treatment (abstract) Dent Res J 9 1929 81
90. G.J. Pell So-called dry socket J Am Dent Assoc 21 1934 1062
91. J.O. Jensen Alveolar osteitis (dry socket): A review Aust Dent J 23 1978 159
92. I.D. Schofield, B.A. Warren, and J. Rozanis Review of localized osteitis J Can Dent Assoc 46 1980 189
93. A.J. MacGregor Treatment of dry socket by general dental practitioners Br Dent J 122 1967 63
94. E.G. Mainous Foreign body reaction after zinc oxide-eugenol packing in localized osteitis J Oral Surg 32 1974 207
95. F.L. Bonine Effect of chlorhexidine rinse on the incidence of dry socket in impacted mandibular third molar extraction sites Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 79 1995 154
96. M. Bresco-Salinas, N. Costa-Riu, L. Berini-Aytes, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria causing odontogenic infections Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 11 2006 E70
97. H.R. Ingham, J.B. Selkon, and J.H. Hale The antibacterial activity of metronidazole J Antimicrob Chemother 1 1975 355
98. D.L.S. Shinn Metronidazole in acute ulcerative gingivitis Lancet 1 1962 1191
99. L. Mitchell Topical metronidazole in the treatment of "dry socket" Br Dent J 25 1984 132
100. D.A. Mitchell Nitroimidazole for alveolar osteitis J Oral Maxillofac Surg 46 1988 720
101. J.W. Moore, and J.H. Brekke Foreign body giant cell reaction related to placement of tetracycline-treated polylactic acid: Report of 18 cases J Oral Maxillofac Surg 48 1990 808
102. W.R. Poi Estudo histológico do comportamento do tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo de ratos ao implante de Uma pasta à base de metronidazola 10% e lidocaína a 2%, indicada para o tratamento da alveolite [Mestrado] 1994 Universidade Estadual Paulista Araçatuba
103. N.J. Betts, G. Makowski, Y.H. Shen, et al. Evaluation of topical viscous 2% lidocaine jelly as an adjunct during the management of alveolar osteitis J Oral Maxillofac Surg 53 1995 1140
104. W.R. Poi, P.S.P. Carvalho, T. Okamoto, et al. Influência da pasta à base de metronidazol a 10 por cento e lidocaína a 2 por cento sobre o processo de reparo em alvéolo dental infectado: Análise histológica e histométrica em ratos Rev Odontol UNESP 27 1998 53
105. R.I. Erickson, D.E. Waite, and R.H. Wilkison A study of dry sockets Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 13 1960 1046
106. A. Abrão Alveolitis: Its treatment Quintessencia 8 1981 21
107. L.J. Silva, W.R. Poi, S.R. Panzarini, et al. Clinical evaluation of an ointment with 10% metronidazole and 2% lidocaine in the treatment of alveolitis Minerva Stomatol 55 2006 431
108. W.R. Poi, S.R. Lanzarini, E. Dezan Júnior, et al. Efeito da pasta à base de metronidazol, lidocaína e ascorbosilone C sobre o processo de reparo de alvéolos dentais infectados de ratos Rev Bras Cirg Implants 7 2000 22
109. I. Mrzlikar Rinsing with 6% solution of hydrogen peroxide in the treatment of postextraction pain Zobozdrav Vestn 45 1990 35
110. W.K. Ramp, R.R. Arnold, J.E. Russell, et al. Hydrogen peroxide inhibits glucose metabolism and collagen synthesis in bone J Periodontol 58 1987 340
111. I.C. Zied, L.A. Milanezi, T. Okamoto, et al. Estudo histológico do processo de reparo alveolar em ratos após exodontia e pressão com compressa de gaze embebida em solução de peróxido de hidrogênio Rev Odontol Araçatuba 26 2005 9
112. G. Rodeheaver, V. Turnbull, M.T. Edgerton, et al. Pharmacokinetics of a new skin wound cleanser Am J Surg 132 1976 67
113. L.D. Sabath Synergy of antibacterial substance by apparently known mechanisms Antimicrob Agents Chemother 7 1968 210
114. P.W. Caufield, D.N. Allen, and N.K. Childers Bactericidal effect of iodine and hydrogen peroxide against suspected periodontopathogens J Dent Res 65 1986 267
115. W.B. Clark, I. Magnusson, C.B. Walker, et al. Efficacy of Perimed antibacterial system on established gingivitis: (I) Clinical results J Clin Periodontol 16 1989 630
116. J. Maruniak, W.B. Clark, C.B. Walker, et al. The effect of 3 mouthrinses on plaque and gingivitis development J Clin Periodontol 19 1992 19
117. E.R. Biazolla, A.L. Castro, and D.S. Pinto Osteorradiomielite da mandíbula Incidência e avaliação clínica da sua terapêutica RGO 44 1996 362
118. E.W. Souza, and J.R.A. Barbosa Procedimentos odontológicos em pacientes submetidos a radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço Odontol Mod 18 1991 23
119. J. Wenstrom, and J. Lindhe Effect of hydrogen peroxide on developing plaque and gingivitis in man J Clin Periodontol 6 1979 115