The importance of irritability as a symptom of major depressive disorder: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication

Molecular Psychiatry

Volumn 15, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 856-867

  Fava, M ^a   Hwang, I ^b   Rush, A J ^c   Sampson, N ^b   Walters, E E ^b   Kessler, R C ^b  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

adult; epidemiology; irritability; major depressive disorder; National Comorbidity Survey Replication

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; COMORBIDITY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FATIGUE; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDER; INTERVIEW; IRRITABILITY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; ONSET AGE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYMPTOM; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TREATMENT RESPONSE; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES; IRRITABLE MOOD; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77955656149     PISSN: 13594184     EISSN: 14765578     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.20     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Crowe M, Ward N, Dunnachie B, Roberts M. Characteristics of adolescent depression. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2006; 15: 10-18.
2. Ryan ND, Puig-Antich J, Ambrosini P, Rabinovich H, Robinson D, Nelson B et al. The clinical picture of major depression in children and adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44: 854-861.
3. Fava GA, Grandi S, Canestrari R, Molnar G. Prodromal symptoms in primary major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 1990; 19: 149-152.
4. Perlis RH, Fraguas R, Fava M, Trivedi MH, Luther JF, Wisniewski SR et al. Prevalence and clinical correlates of irritability in major depressive disorder: a preliminary report from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression study. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66: 159-166.
5. Snaith RP, Taylor CM. Irritability: definition, assessment and associated factors. Br J Psychiatry 1985; 147: 127-136.
6. Fava M, Alpert J, Nierenberg AA, Ghaemi N, O'Sullivan R, Tedlow J et al. Fluoxetine treatment of anger attacks: a replication study. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1996; 8: 7-10.
7. Fava M, Nierenberg AA, Quitkin FM, Zisook S, Pearlstein T, Stone A et al. A preliminary study on the efficacy of sertraline and imipramine on anger attacks in atypical depression and dysthymia. Psychopharmacol Bull 1997; 33: 101-103.
8. Fava M, Rosenbaum JF, Pava JA, McCarthy MK, Steingard RJ, Bouffides E. Anger attacks in unipolar depression, Part 1: clinical correlates and response to fluoxetine treatment. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150: 1158-1163. (Pubitemid 23218894)
9. Kessler RC, Merikangas KR. The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R): background and aims. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2004; 13: 60-68.
10. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51: 8-19.
11. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M,Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-Patient Edition (SCID-I/NP). Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute: New York, NY, 2002.
12. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Chiu WT, Demler O, Heeringa S, Hiripi E et al. The US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R): design and field procedures. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2004; 13: 69-92.
13. Kessler RC, Ustun TB. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative Version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2004; 13: 93-121.
14. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association: Washington, DC, 1994.
15. Rush AJ, Carmody T, Reimitz PE. The inventory of depressive symptomatology (IDS): Clinician (IDS-C) and self-report (IDS-SR) ratings of depressive symptoms. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2000; 9: 45-59.
16. Rush AJ, Gullion CM, Basco MR, Jarrett RB, Trivedi MH. The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS): psychometric properties. Psychol Med 1996; 26: 477-486.
17. Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23: 56-62.
18. Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Ibrahim HM, Carmody TJ, Arnow B, Klein DN et al. The 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS), clinician rating (QIDS-C), and self-report (QIDSSR): a psychometric evaluation in patients with chronic major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54: 573-583.
19. Leon AC, Olfson M, Portera L, Farber L, Sheehan DV. Assessing psychiatric impairment in primary care with the Sheehan Disability Scale. Int J Psychiatry Med 1997; 27: 93-105.
20. SAS Institute. SAS 9.1.3
21. Help and Documentation. SAS Publishing: Cary, NC, 2002.
22. Wolter KM. Introduction to Variance Estimation. Springer-Verlag: New York, 1985.
23. Research Triangle Institute. SUDAAN: Professional Software for Survey Data Analysis. 8.01 edn. Research Triangle Institute: Research Triangle Park, NC, 2002.
24. Fava GA, Pilowsky I, Pierfederici A, Bernardi M, Pathak D. Depressive symptoms and abnormal illness behavior in general hospital patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1982; 4: 171-178. (Pubitemid 13132110)
25. Merikangas KR, Akiskal HS, Angst J, Greenberg PE, Hirschfeld RM, Petukhova M et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007; 64: 543-552.
26. Benazzi F. Major depressive disorder with anger: a bipolar spectrum disorder? Psychother Psychosom 2003; 72: 300-306.
27. Akiskal HS. The emergence of the bipolar spectrum:validation along clinical-epidemiologic and familial-genetic lines. Psychopharmacol Bull 2007; 40: 99-115.
28. Bauer M, Pfennig A. Epidemiology of bipolar disorders. Epilepsia 2005; 46(Suppl 4): 8-13.
29. Benazzi F. Possible bipolar nature of irritability in major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66: 1072; author reply 1073.
30. Benazzi F, Akiskal H. Irritable-hostile depression: further validation as a bipolar depressive mixed state. J Affect Disord 2005; 84: 197-207.
31. Alpert JE, Petersen T, Roffi PA, Papakostas GI, Freed R, Smith MM et al. Behavioral and emotional disturbances in the offspring of depressed parents with anger attacks. Psychother Psychosom 2003; 72: 102-106.
32. Perris C. The distinction between unipolar and bipolar mood disorders. A 25-years perspective. Encephale 1992; 18(Spec no. 1): 9-13.
33. Yoshimasu K, Sugahara H, Tokunaga S, Akamine M, Kondo T, Fujisawa K et al. Gender differences in psychiatric symptoms related to suicidal ideation in Japanese patients with depression. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006; 60: 563-569.
34. Fava M, Rush AJ, Alpert JE, Carmin CN, Balasubramani GK, Wisniewski SR et al. What clinical and symptom features and comorbid disorders characterize outpatients with anxious major depressive disorder: a replication and extension. Can J Psychiatry 2006; 51: 823-835.
35. Swanson JW, Holzer III CE, Ganju VK, Jono RT. Violence and psychiatric disorder in the community: evidence from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area surveys. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1990; 41: 761-770.
36. Sher L, Oquendo MA, Li S, Ellis S, Brodsky BS, Malone KM et al. Prolactin response to fenfluramine administration in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression and healthy controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; 28: 559-573.
37. Davis LL, Clark DM, Kramer GL, Moeller FG, Petty F. Dfenfluramine challenge in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45: 928-930.
38. New AS, Trestman RF, Mitropoulou V, Goodman M, Koenigsberg HH, Silverman J et al. Low prolactin response to fenfluramine in impulsive aggression. J Psychiatr Res 2004; 38: 223-230.
39. Fava M, Vuolo RD, Wright EC, Nierenberg AA, Alpert JE, Rosenbaum JF. Fenfluramine challenge in unipolar depression with and without anger attacks. Psychiatry Res 2000; 94: 9-18.
40. Dougherty DD, Rauch SL, Deckersbach T, Marci C, Loh R, Shin LM et al. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala dysfunction during an anger induction positron emission tomography study in patients with major depressive disorder with anger attacks. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004; 61: 795-804.