Differences in mental health service sector utilization among African American and caucasian youth entering systems of care programs

Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 363-373

  Barksdale, Crystal L ^a   Azur, Melissa ^a   Leaf, Philip J ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; CHILD; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK; UTILIZATION REVIEW;

ADOLESCENT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; ODDS RATIO; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

EID: 77955653937     PISSN: 10943412     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11414-009-9166-2     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. Achieving the promise: Transforming mental health care in American. Final Report. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2003.
2. AE Kazdin G Wassell 2000 Predictors of barriers to treatment and therapeutic change in outpatient therapy for antisocial children and their families Mental Health Services Research 2 1 27 40 10.1023/A:1010191807861 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3gs1yluw%3D%3D 11254067
3. AR Stiffman E Hadley-Ives P Dore, et al. 2000 Youths' access to mental health services: The role of providers' training, resource connectivity, and assessment of need Mental Health Services Research 2 3 141 154 10.1023/A:1010189710028 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3ks1Gmsw%3D%3D 11256723
4. LR Snowden A Yamada 2005 Cultural differences in access to care Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 1 1 143 166 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803. 143846 17716085 (Pubitemid 43843949)
5. US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 1999.
6. AJ Flisher RA Kramer RC Grosser, et al. 1997 Correlates of unmet need for mental health services by children and adolescents Psychological Medicine 27 5 1145 1154 10.1017/S0033291797005412 1:STN:280:DyaK2svksFKgsQ%3D%3D 9300518 (Pubitemid 27401836)
7. US Department of Health and Human Services. Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity-A Supplement to Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2001.
8. A Angold A Erkanli EMZ Farmer, et al. 2002 Psychiatric disorder, impairment, and service use in rural African American and White youth Archives of General Psychiatry 59 10 893 904 10.1001/archpsyc.59.10.893 12365876
9. D Shaffer P Fisher MK Dulcan, et al. 1996 The NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children version 2.3 (DISC-2.3): Description, acceptability, prevalence rates, and performance in the MECA study Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 35 7 865 877 10.1097/00004583- 199607000-00012 1:STN:280:DyaK28zgtVyltQ%3D%3D 8768346
10. A Chabra GF Chavez ES Harris, et al. 1999 Hospitalization for mental illness in adolescents: Risk groups and impact on the health care system Journal of Adolescent Health 24 5 349 356 10.1016/S1054-139X(98)00116-5 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3mtVKrtg%3D%3D 10331841 (Pubitemid 29205707)
11. PJ Cunningham MP Freiman 1996 Determinants of ambulatory mental health services use for school-age children and adolescents Mental Health Services Research 31 4 409 427 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FktVGnsQ%3D%3D
12. AE Kazdin MJ Stolar PL Marciano 1995 Risk factors for dropping out of treatment among white and black families Journal of Family Psychology 9 4 402 417 10.1037/0893-3200.9.4.402
13. AF Garland AS Lau M Yeh, et al. 2005 Racial and ethnic differences in utilization of mental health services among high-risk youths American Journal of Psychiatry 162 7 1336 1343 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.7.1336 15994717 (Pubitemid 40905585)
14. LR Snowden MC Masland AM Libby, et al. 2008 Racial/ethnic minority children's use of psychiatric emergency care in California's public mental health system American Journal of Public Health 98 1 118 124 10.2105/AJPH.2006.105361 18048783 (Pubitemid 351302605)
15. S Glied AB Garrett C Hoven, et al. 1998 Child outpatient mental health service use: Why doesn't insurance matter? Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics 1 4 173 187 10.1002/(SICI)1099-176X(199812)1:4<173::AID-MHP23>3. 0.CO;2-7 11967395
16. E Slade 2002 Effects of school-based mental health programs on mental health service use by adolescents at school and in the community Mental Health Services Research 4 3 151 166 10.1023/A:1019711113312 12385568
17. MA Lindsey WS Korr M Broitman, et al. 2006 Help-seeking behaviors and depression among African American adolescent boys Social Work 51 1 49 58 16512510
18. AJ Pumariega DL Atkins K Rogers, et al. 1999 Mental health and incarcerated youth. II: Service utilization Journal of Child and Family Studies 8 2 205 215 10.1023/A:1022092002435
19. M Knapp P McCrone E Fombonne, et al. 2002 The Maudsley longterm follow-up of child and adolescent depression: Impact of comorbid conduct disorder on service use and costs in adulthood British Journal of Psychiatry 180 1 19 23 10.1192/bjp.180.1.19 11772846 (Pubitemid 34093620)
20. Canino IA, Spurlock J, eds. Culturally Diverse Children and Adolescents: Assessment, Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: Guilford; 1994.
21. R Clark NB Anderson VR Clark, et al. 1999 Racism as a stressor for African Americans: a biopsychosocial model American Psychologist 54 10 805 816 10.1037/0003-066X.54.10.805 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FgvVSqug%3D%3D 10540593
22. MJ Gonzalez 2005 Access to mental health services: The struggle of poverty affected urban children of color Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 22 3-4 245 256 10.1007/s10560-005-0036-3 (Pubitemid 43439576)
23. M Yeh K McCabe M Hurlburt, et al. 2002 Referral sources, diagnoses, and service types of youth in public outpatient mental health care: A focus on ethnic minorities Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 29 1 45 60 10.1007/BF02287831
24. M Alegria G Canino R Rios, et al. 2002 Inequalities in use of specialty mental health services among Latinos, African Americans, and Non-Latino Whites Psychiatric Services 53 12 1547 1555 10.1176/appi.ps.53.12.1547 12461214 (Pubitemid 35404030)
25. R Sturm JS Ringel T Andreyeva 2003 Geographic disparities in children's mental health care Pediatrics 112 4 308 315 10.1542/peds.112.4.e308
26. Gibbs JT. African American children and adolescent. In: Gibbs JT, Huang LN, eds. Children of Color: Psychological Interventions with Culturally Diverse Youth. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2003:95-144.
27. EM Lewit DL Terman RE Behrman 1997 Children and poverty: Analysis and recommendations The Future of Children 7 2 4 24 10.2307/1602384 1:STN:280:DyaK2svksVKktw%3D%3D 9299834
28. AF Garland BA Besinger 1997 Racial/ethnic differences in court referred pathways to mental health services for children in foster care Children and Youth Services Review 19 8 651 666 10.1016/S0190-7409(97)00060-1
29. L Nguyen LN Huang GF Arganza, et al. 2007 The influence of race and ethnicity on psychiatric diagnoses and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents in children's services Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 13 1 18 25 10.1037/1099-9809.13.1.18 17227173 (Pubitemid 46106968)
30. SP Cuffe JL Waller MLZ Cuccaro, et al. 1995 Race and gender differences in the treatment of psychiatric disorders in young adolescents Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 34 11 1536 1543 10.1097/00004583-199511000-00021 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2Fnt1Wlsw%3D%3D 8543522
31. P Cohen CS Hesselbart 1993 Demographic factors in the use of children's mental health services American Journal of Public Health 83 1 49 52 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7htFCksA%3D%3D 8417606
32. FC Verhulst J van der Ende 1997 Factors associated with child mental health service use in the community Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 36 7 901 909 10.1097/00004583-199707000-00011 1:STN:280:DyaK2szkvVKrsQ%3D%3D 9204667
33. P Wu CW Hoven HR Bird, et al. 1999 Depressive and disruptive disorders and mental health service utilization in children and adolescents Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 38 9 1081 1090 10.1097/00004583-199909000-00010 1:STN:280:DyaK1MvjsVChtw%3D%3D 10504806
34. V Hines-Martin M Malone S Kim, et al. 2003 Barriers to mental health care access in an African American population Issues in Mental Health Nursing 24 3 237 256 10.1080/01612840305281 12623684 (Pubitemid 37431304)
35. L Cooper-Patrick JJ Gallo NR Powe, et al. 1999 Mental health service utilization by African Americans and Caucasians: The Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area follow-up Medical Care 37 10 1034 1045 10.1097/00005650- 199910000-00007 1:STN:280:DyaK1Mvlt1Sjsw%3D%3D 10524370
36. VLS Thompson A Bazile M Akbar 2004 African Americans' perceptions of psychotherapy and psychotherapists Professional Psychology, Research & Practice 35 1 19 26 10.1037/0735-7028.35.1.19 (Pubitemid 38191986)
37. DM Anglin BG Link JC Phelan 2006 Racial differences in stigmatizing attitudes toward people with mental illness Psychiatric Services 57 6 857 862 10.1176/appi.ps.57.6.857 16754764 (Pubitemid 43846299)
38. MS Swartz HR Wagner JW Swanson, et al. 1998 Comparing use of public and private mental health services: The enduring barriers of race and age Community Mental Health Journal 34 2 133 144 10.1023/A:1018736917761 1:STN:280: DyaK1c3otFClug%3D%3D 9620158 (Pubitemid 28228290)
39. KJ Nickerson JE Helms F Terrell 1994 Cultural mistrust, opinions about mental illness and Black students' attitudes toward seeking psychological help from white counselors Journal of Counseling Psychology 41 3 378 385 10.1037/0022-0167.41.3.378
40. A Whaley 2001 Cultural mistrust: An important psychological construct for diagnosis and treatment of African Americans Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 32 6 555 562 10.1037/0735-7028.32.6.555
41. AM Cauce M Domenech-Rodriguez M Paradise, et al. 2002 Cultural and contextual influences in mental health help seeking: A focus on ethnic minority youth Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 70 1 44 55 10.1037/0022-006X.70.1.44 11860055
42. AS Lau AF Garland M Yeh KM McCabe PA Wood RL Hough 2004 Race/ethnicity and inter-informant agreement in assessing adolescent psychopathology Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 12 145 156 10.1177/10634266040120030201
43. S Minsky T Petti M Gara W Vega W Lu G Kiely 2006 Ethnicity and clinical psychiatric diagnosis in childhood Administration and Policy in Mental Health 33 558 567 10.1007/s10488-006-0069-8 16786422
44. Center for Mental Health Services. Annual Report to Congress on the evaluation of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families program, 2001. Atlanta, GA: Macro International; 2001. Available from: http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/publications/allpubs/CB-E201/ default.asp.
45. Center for Mental Health Services. Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program, Evaluation findings-Annual Report to Congress, 2002-2003. Atlanta, GA: Macro International; 2003. Available from http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/publications/allpubs/SMA03-CBE2002/default. asp.
46. JL Schafer JW Graham 2002 Missing data: Our view of the state of the art Psychological Methods 7 2 147 177 10.1037/1082-989X.7.2.147 12090408
47. Rubin DB. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. New York: Wiley; 1987.
48. Schafer JL. Analysis of incomplete multivariate data. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC; 1997.
49. Stuart E, Azur MA, Barksdale CL. Missing data and multiple imputation: An overview and application of techniques. Symposium session presented at the 21st Annual Conference on System of Care Research in Children's Mental Health, Tampa, FL, February 2008.
50. Stuart EA, Azur M, Frangakis CE, et al. (2009). Practical imputation with large datasets: A case study of the Children's Mental Health Initiative. Health Services Research (in press).
51. American Psychiatric Association, ed. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
52. Hodges K. Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale. Ypsilanti, MI: Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University; 1994.
53. Hodges K. CAFAS manual for training coordinators, clinical administrators and data managers. Ypsilanti, MI: Eastern Michigan University; 1997.
54. K Hodges M Wong 1996 Psychometric characteristics of a multidimensional measure to assess impairment: The Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale Journal of Child and Family Studies 5 445 467 10.1007/BF02233865
55. K Hodges M Wong 1997 Use of the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale (CAFAS) to predict service utilization and cost Journal of Mental Health Administration 24 3 278 290 10.1007/BF02832662 1:STN:280:DyaK2sznsVWhsg%3D%3D 9230570
56. K Hodges A Doucette-Gates C Kim 2000 Predicting service utilization with the child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale in a sample of youth with serious emotional disturbance served by Center for Mental Health Service-funded demonstrations Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 27 47 59 10.1007/BF02287803 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7lvFGlsQ%3D%3D
57. BJ Burns EJ Costello A Angold, et al. 1995 Children's mental health service use across service sectors Health Affairs 14 3 147 159 10.1377/hlthaff.14.3.147 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2Flt1Wqug%3D%3D 7498888
58. JJ Cabiya G Canino L Chavez, et al. 2006 Gender disparities in mental health service use of Puerto Rican children and adolescents Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 47 8 840 848 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01623.x 16898998 (Pubitemid 44084040)
59. SH Kataoka L Zhang KB Wells 2002 Unmet need for mental health care among U.S. children: Variation by ethnicity and insurance status American Journal of Psychiatry 159 9 1548 1555 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1548 12202276 (Pubitemid 35006736)
60. GEP Zahner C Daskalakis 1997 Factors associated with mental health, general health, and school-based service use for child psychopathology American Journal of Public Health 87 9 1440 1448 10.2105/AJPH.87.9.1440 1:STN:280:DyaK2svmtVCisA%3D%3D 9314794
61. JL Schafer 1999 Multiple imputation: A primer Statistical Methods in Medical Research 8 1 3 15 10.1191/096228099671525676 1:STN:280: DyaK1M3nslajtw%3D%3D 10347857 (Pubitemid 29222784)
62. StataCorp LP, ed. Stata statistical software: Release 10. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP; 2007.
63. VC Copeland 2006 Disparities in mental health service utilization among low-income African American adolescents: Closing the gap by enhancing practitioner's competence Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 23 4 407 431 10.1007/s10560-006-0061-x (Pubitemid 44597840)
64. LT Flaherty MD Weist BS Warner 1996 School-based mental health services in the United States: History, current models and needs Community Mental Health Journal 32 4 341 352 10.1007/BF02249452 1:STN:280:DyaK28vjslartA%3D%3D 8840077 (Pubitemid 26251484)
65. TM Anglin KE Naylor DW Kaplan 1996 Comprehensive school-based health care: High school students' use of medical, mental health, and substance abuse services Pediatrics 97 3 318 330 1:STN:280:DyaK287osFClsg%3D%3D 8604264
66. P Armburster J Lichtman 1999 Are school based mental health services effective? Evidence from 36 inner city schools Community Mental Health Journal 35 6 493 504 10.1023/A:1018755100381
67. AF Garland GA Aarons SA Brown, et al. 2003 Diagnostic profiles associated with use of mental health and substance abuse services among high risk youths Psychiatric Services 54 4 562 564 10.1176/appi.ps.54.4.562 12663846 (Pubitemid 36752989)
68. LA Richardson 2001 Seeking and obtaining mental health services: What do parents expect? Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 15 223 231 10.1053/apnu.2001. 27019 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mrjs1arsQ%3D%3D 11584351 (Pubitemid 33601906)
69. AM Brannan CA Heflinger 2005 Child behavioral health service use and caregiver strain: Comparison of managed care and fee-for-service Medicaid systems Mental Health Services Research 7 4 197 211 10.1007/s11020-005-7452-z (Pubitemid 43013249)
70. M Yeh K McCabe RL Hough, et al. 2003 Racial/ethnic differences in parental endorsement of barriers to mental health services for youth Mental Health Services Research 5 2 65 77 10.1023/A:1023286210205 12801070 (Pubitemid 36656408)
71. K McCabe M Yeh RL Hough, et al. 1999 Racial/ethnic representation across five public sectors of care for youth Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 7 2 72 82 10.1177/106342669900700202
72. M Mason JT Gibbs 1992 Patterns of adolescent psychiatric hospitalization: Implications for social policy American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 62 3 447 457 10.1037/h0079361 1:STN:280:DyaK38zlvFaltg%3D%3D 1497110