Measuring anxiety-and locomotion-related behaviours in mice: A new way of using old tests

Psychopharmacology

Volumn 211, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 99-112

  Fraser, Leanne M ^a   Brown, Richard E ^a   Hussin, Ahmed ^a   Fontana, Mara ^a   Whittaker, Ashley ^a   O'Leary, Timothy P ^a   Lederle, Lauren ^b   Holmes, Andrew ^b   Ramos, André ^c  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM   (United States)

^c FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SANTA CATARINA   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Behavioural test; Elevated plus maze; Light dark box; Mice; Open field; Phenotyping; Strain differences

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; DIAZEPAM;

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; LIGHT DARK CYCLE; LOCOMOTION; MALE; MAZE TEST; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OPEN FIELD TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STRAIN DIFFERENCE;

ADAPTATION, OCULAR; ALPRAZOLAM; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS; ANXIETY; DIAZEPAM; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; LOCOMOTION; MALE; MAZE LEARNING; MICE; MICE, INBRED STRAINS; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; WEIGHTS AND MEASURES;

EID: 77955586023     PISSN: 00333158     EISSN: 14322072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-1873-0     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Anisman H, Hayley S, Kelly O, Borowski T, Merali Z (2001) Psychogenic, neurogenic, and systemic stressor effects on plasma corticosterone and behavior: mouse strain-dependent outcomes. Behav Neurosci 115:443-454
2. Bakshi VP, Kalin NH (2002) Animal models and endophenotypes of anxiety and stress disorders. In: Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C. (eds) Neuropsychopharmacology: the fifth generation of progress, Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol, pp 883-900
3. Ballaz SJ, Akil H, Watson SJ (2007) Previous experience affects subsequent anxiety-like responses in rats bred for novelty seeking. Behav Neurosci 121:1113-1118
4. Belzung C, Griebel G (2001) Measuring normal and pathological anxiety-like behaviour in mice: a review. Behav Brain Res 125:141-149
5. Blanchard DC, Griebel G, Blanchard RJ (2001) Mouse defensive behaviors: pharmacological and behavioral assays for anxiety and panic. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 25:205-218
6. Bourin M, Hascoet M, Mansouri B, Colombel M, Bradwejn J (1992) Comparison of behavioural effects after single and repeated administrations of four benzodiazepines in three mice behavioural models. J Psychiatry Neurosci 17:72-77
7. Brigman JL, Mathura P, Lu L, Williams RW, Holmes A (2009) Genetic relationship between anxiety related and fear-related behaviors in BXD recombinant inbred mice. Behav Pharmacol 20:204-209
8. Carobrez AP, Bertoglio LJ (2005) Ethological and temporal analyses of anxiety-like behavior: the elevated plus-maze model 20 years on. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29:1193-1205
9. Carola V, D'Olimpio F, Brunamonti E, Mangia F, Renzi P (2002) Evaluation of the elevated plus-maze and open-field tests for the assessment of anxiety-related behaviour in inbred mice. Behav Brain Res 134:49-57
10. Choleris E, Thomas AW, Kavaliers M, Pratos FS (2001) A detailed ethological analysis of the mouse open field test: effects of diazepam, chlordiazepoxide and an extremely low frequency pulsed magnetic field. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 25:235-260
11. Cole JC, Rodgers RJ (1995) Ethological comparison of the effects of diazepam and acute/chronic imipramine on the behaviour of mice in the elevated-plus maze. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 52:473-478
12. Crabbe JC, Wahlsten D, Dudek BC (1999) Genetics of mouse behavior: interactions with laboratory environment. Science 284:1670-1672
13. Crawley JN (1981) Neuropharmacologic specificity of a simple animal model for the behavioral actions of benzodiazepines. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 15:695-699
14. Crawley JN, Paylor R (1997) A proposed test battery and constellations of specific behavioral paradigms to investigate the behavioral phenotypes of transgenic and knockout mice. Horm Behav 31:197-211
15. Crawley JN, Belknap JK, Collins A, Crabbe JC, Frankel W, Henderson N, Hitzemann RJ, Maxson SC, Miner LL, Silva AJ, Wehner JM, Wynshaw-Boris A, Paylor R (1997) Behavioral phenotypes of inbred mouse strains: implications and recommendations for molecular studies. Psychopharmacology 132:107-124
16. Cruz A P M, Frei F, Graeff FG (1994) Ethopharmacological analysis of rat behavior on the elevated plus-maze. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 49:171-176
17. Cryan JF, Holmes A (2005) The ascent of mouse: advances in modeling human depression and anxiety. Nat Rev Drug Discov 4:775-790
18. Dalvi A, Rodgers RJ (1996) GABAergic influences on plus-maze behaviour in mice. Psychopharmacology 128:380-397
19. Dalvi A, Rodgers RJ (1999) Behavioural effects of diazepam in the murine plus-maze: flumazenil antagonism of enhanced head dipping but not the disinhibition of open-arm avoidance. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 62:727-734
20. Evans AK, Lowry CA (2007) Pharmacology of the β-Carboline FG-7142, a partial inverse agonist at the benzodiazepine allosteric site of the GABAA receptor: neurochemical, neurophysiological, and behavioral effects. CNS Drug Rev 13:475-501
21. File SE (1990) One-trial tolerance to the anxiolytic effects of chlordiazepoxide in the plus-maze. Psychopharmacology 100:281-282
22. File SE (1991) The biological basis of anxiety. In: Meltzer HY, Nerozzi D (eds) Current practices and future developments in the pharmacotherapy of mental disorders. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 159-165
23. File SE, Zangrossi H Jr (1993) "One-trial tolerance" to the anxiolytic actions of benzodiazepines in the elevated plus-maze, or the development of a phobic state? Psychopharmacology 110:240-444
24. Finn DA, Rutledge-Gorman MT, Crabbe JC (2003) Genetic animal models of anxiety. Neurogenetics 4:109-135
25. Hall CS (1934) Emotional behavior in the rat. I. Defecation and urination as measures of individual differences in emotionality. J Comp Psychol 18:385-403
26. Handley SL, McBlane JW (1993) 5HT drugs in animal models of anxiety. Psychopharmacology 112:13-20
27. Handley SL, Mithani S (1984) Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in a maze-exploration model of 'fear'-motivated behaviour. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 327:1-5
28. Holmes A, Rodgers RJ (1998) Responses of Swiss-Webster mice to repeated plus-maze experience: further evidence for a qualitative shift in emotional state? Pharmacol Biochem Behav 60:473-488
29. Holmes A, Iles JP, Mayell SJ, Rodgers RJ (2001) Prior test experience compromises the anxiolytic efficacy of chlordiazepoxide in the mouse light/dark exploration test. Behav Brain Res 122:159-167
30. Holmes A, Kinney JW, Wrenn CC, Li Q, Yang RJ, Ma L, Vishwanath J, Saavedra MC, Innerfield CE, Jacoby AS, Shine J, Iismaa TP, Crawley JN (2003) Galanin GAL-R1 receptor null mutant mice display increased anxiety-like behavior specific to the elevated plus-maze. Neuropsychopharmacology 28:1031-1044
31. Izidio GS, Lopes DM, Spricigo L Jr, Ramos A (2005) Common variations in the pretest environment influence genotypic comparisons in models of anxiety. Genes Brain Behav 4:412-419
32. Johnston AL, File SE (1989) Sodium phenobarbitone reverses the anxiogenic effects of compounds acting at three different central sites. Neuropharmacology 28:83-88
33. Jones GH, Schneider C, Schneider HH, Seidler J, Cole BJ, Stephens DN (1994) Comparison of several benzodiazepine receptor ligands in two models of anxiolytic activity in the mouse: an analysis based on fractional receptor occupancies. Psychophar-macology 114:191-199
34. Jung ME, Lal H, Gatch MB (2002) The discriminative stimulus effects of pentylenetetrazol as a model of anxiety: recent developments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 26:429-439
35. Lister RG (1990) Ethologically-based animal models of anxiety disorders. Pharmacol Ther 46:321-340
36. Miller LG, Woolverton S, Greenblatt DJ, Lopez F, Roy RB, Shader RI (1989) Chronic benzodiazepine administration. IV. Rapid development of tolerance and receptor downregulation associated with alprazolam administration. Biochem Pharmacol 38:3773-3777
37. Millstein RA, Holmes A (2007) Effects of repeated maternal separation on anxiety-and depression-related phenotypes in different mouse strains. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 31:3-17
38. Milner LC, Crabbe JC (2008) Three murine anxiety models: results from multiple inbred strain comparisons. Genes Brain Behav 7:496-505
39. Norcross M, Poonam M, Enoch AJ, Karlsson RM, Brigman JL, Cameron HA, Harvey-White J, Holmes A (2008) Effects of adolescent fluoxetine treatment on fear-, anxiety-or stress-related behaviors in C57BL/6J or BALB/cJ mice. Psychopharmacology 200:413-424
40. Nutt DJ, Lister RG (1988) Strain differences in response to a benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist (FG 7142) in mice. Psychopharmacology 94:435-436
41. Paylor R, Spencer CM, Yuva-Paylor LA, Pieke-Dahl S (2006) The use of behavioral test batteries, II: effect of test interval. Physiol Behav 87:95-102
42. Pellow S, Chopin P, File SE, Briley M (1985) Validation of open: closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat. J Neurosci Meth 14:149-167
43. Prut L, Belzung C (2003) The open field as a paradigm to measure the effects of drugs on anxiety-like behaviors: a review. Eur J Pharmacol 463:3-33
44. Ramos A (2008) Animal models of anxiety: do I need multiple tests? Trends Pharmacol Sci 29:493-498
45. Ramos A, Mormede P (1998) Stress and emotionality: a multidimensional and genetic approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 22:33-57
46. Ramos A, Mellerin Y, Mormede P, Chaouloff F (1998) A genetic and multifactorial analysis of anxiety-related behaviours in Lewis and SHR intercrosses. Behav Brain Res 96:195-205
47. Ramos A, Pereira E, Martins GC, Wehrmeister TD, Izídio GS (2008) Integrating the open field, elevated plus maze and light/dark box to assess different types of emotional behaviors in one single trial. Behav Brain Res 193:277-288
48. Rodgers RJ, Cole JC (1994) The elevated plus-maze: pharmacology, methodology and ethology. In: Cooper SJ, Hendrie CA (eds) Ethology and psychopharmacology. Wiley, Chichester, pp 9-44
49. Rodgers RJ, Johnson N J T (1995) Factor analysis of spatiotemporal and ethological measures in the murine plus-maze test of anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 52:297-303
50. Rodgers RJ, Shepherd JK (1993) Influence of prior maze experience on behaviour and response to diazepam in the elevated plus-maze and light-dark tests of anxiety in mice. Psychopharmacology 113:237-242
51. Rodgers RJ, Cole JC, Aboualfa K, Stephenson H (1995) Ethophar-macological analysis of the effects of putative 'anxiogenic' agents in the mouse elevated plus-maze. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 52:805-813
52. Rodgers RJ, Davies B, Shore R (2002) Absence of anxiolytic response to chlordiazepoxide in two common background strains exposed to the elevated plus maze: importance and implications of behavioural baseline. Genes Brain Behav 1:242-251
53. Rogers DC, Jones D N C, Nelson PR, Jones CM, Quilter CA, Robinson TL, Hagan JJ (1999) Use of SHIRPA and discriminant analysis to characterise marked differences in the behavioural phenotype of six inbred mouse strains. Behav Brain Res 105:207-217
54. Shekhar A, McCann UD, Meaney MJ, Blanchard DC, Davis M, Frey KA, Liberzon I, Overall KL, Shear MK, Tecott LH, Winsky L (2001) Summary of a National Institute of Mental Health workshop: developing animal models of anxiety disorders. Psychopharmacology 157:327-339
55. Shimada T, Matsumoto K, Osanai M, Matsuda H, Tarasawa K, Watanabe H (1995) The modified light/dark transition test in mice: evaluation of classic and putative anxiolytic and anxio-genic drugs. Gen Pharmacol 26:205-210
56. Sulcova A, Krsiak M (1989) Differences among nine 1, 4-bezodiazepines: an ethopharmacological evaluation in mice. Psychopharmacology 97:157-159
57. Treit D (1985) Animal models for the study of anti-anxiety agents: a review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 9:203-222
58. Trullas R, Skolnick P (1993) Differences in fear motivated behaviors among inbred mouse strains. Psychopharmacology 111:323-331
59. Van der Staay FJ (2006) Animal models of behavioral dysfunctions: basic concepts and classifications, and an evaluation strategy. Brain Res Rev 52:131-159
60. Voikar V, Vasar E, Rauvala H (2004) Behavioral alterations induced by repeated testing in C57BL/6J and 129S2/SV mice: implications for phenotyping screens. Genes Brain Behav 3:27-38
61. Wada T, Fukuda N (1991) Effects of DN-2327, a new anxiolytic, diazepam and buspirone on exploratory activity of the rat in an elevated plus-maze. Psychopharmacology 104:444-450
62. Wahlsten D, DA Bachmanov AF, Crabbe JC (2006) Stability of inbred mouse strain differences in behavior and brain size between laboratories and across decades. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:16364-16369