메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 138, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 1738-1766

The impact of spatial variations of low-level stability on the life cycle of a simulated supercell storm

Author keywords

Boundary layer; Cold pool; Convection; Convective storms; Inversion; Mesoscale processes; Numerical analysis modeling; Supercells

Indexed keywords

COLD POOL; CONVECTIVE STORMS; INVERSION; MESOSCALE; SUPER CELL;

EID: 77955568966     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2009MWR3010.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (62)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 0036852775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity of numerically simulated cyclic mesocyclogenesis to variations in model physical and computational parameters
    • Adlerman, E. J., and K. K. Droegemeier, 2002: The sensitivity of numerically simulated cyclic mesocyclogenesis to variations in model physical and computational parameters. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2671-2691.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 2671-2691
    • Adlerman, E.J.1    Droegemeier, K.K.2
  • 2
    • 31344477235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dependence of numerically simulated cyclic mesocyclogenesis upon environmental vertical wind shear
    • Adlerman, E. J., and K. K. Droegemeier, 2005: The dependence of numerically simulated cyclic mesocyclogenesis upon environmental vertical wind shear. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 3595-3623.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 3595-3623
    • Adlerman, E.J.1    Droegemeier, K.K.2
  • 3
    • 0033509981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of preexisting boundaries on supercell evolution
    • Atkins, N. T., M. L. Weisman, and L. J. Wicker, 1999: The influence of preexisting boundaries on supercell evolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2910-2927.
    • (1999) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.127 , pp. 2910-2927
    • Atkins, N.T.1    Weisman, M.L.2    Wicker, L.J.3
  • 4
    • 0002548462 scopus 로고
    • A mechanism for assisting in the release of convective instability
    • Beebe, R. G., and F. C. Bates, 1955: A mechanism for assisting in the release of convective instability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 83, 1-10.
    • (1955) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.83 , pp. 1-10
    • Beebe, R.G.1    Bates, F.C.2
  • 5
    • 57149140348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the decay of supercells through a "down-scale transition": Visual documentation
    • Bluestein, H. B., 2008: On the decay of supercells through a "down-scale transition": Visual documentation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 4013-4028.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 4013-4028
    • Bluestein, H.B.1
  • 6
    • 77955588147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alook back at the tornado outbreak inOklahoma on 22 May 1981-The Binger tornado
    • National Weather Service Forecast Office, Norman, OK, 7 pp. [Available online at
    • Branick,M., 2006:Alook back at the tornado outbreak inOklahoma on 22 May 1981-The Binger tornado. The Southern Plains Cyclone Newsletter, Vol. 4, National Weather Service Forecast Office, Norman, OK, 7 pp. [Available online at http://wwwreal.srh.noaa.gov/images/oun/pdf/newsletter/spring2006.pdf.]
    • (2006) The Southern Plains Cyclone Newsletter , vol.4
    • Branick, M.1
  • 7
    • 0027833557 scopus 로고
    • Hodograph curvature and updraft intensity in numerically modeled supercells
    • Brooks, H. E., and R. B. Wilhelmson, 1993: Hodograph curvature and updraft intensity in numerically modeled supercells. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1824-1833.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 1824-1833
    • Brooks, H.E.1    Wilhelmson, R.B.2
  • 8
    • 0028576684 scopus 로고
    • On the environments of tornadic and nontornadic mesocyclones
    • Brooks, H. E., C. A. Doswell III, and J. Cooper, 1994: On the environments of tornadic and nontornadic mesocyclones. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 606-618.
    • (1994) Wea. Forecasting , vol.9 , pp. 606-618
    • Brooks, H.E.1    Doswell C.A. III2    Cooper, J.3
  • 9
    • 33750510918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An observational examination of long-lived supercells. Part I: Characteristics, evolution, and demise
    • Bunkers, M. J., M. R. Hjelmfelt, and P. L. Smith, 2006a: An observational examination of long-lived supercells. Part I: Characteristics, evolution, and demise. Wea. Forecasting, 21, 673-688.
    • (2006) Wea. Forecasting , vol.21 , pp. 673-688
    • Bunkers, M.J.1    Hjelmfelt, M.R.2    Smith, P.L.3
  • 10
  • 11
    • 11644257792 scopus 로고
    • A small-scale dynamic model using a terrainfollowing coordinate transformation
    • Clark, T. L., 1977: A small-scale dynamic model using a terrainfollowing coordinate transformation. J. Comput. Phys., 24, 186-215.
    • (1977) J. Comput. Phys. , vol.24 , pp. 186-215
    • Clark, T.L.1
  • 12
    • 0001028834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of moist convection forced by boundary layer processes to low-level thermodynamic fields
    • Crook, N. A., 1996: Sensitivity of moist convection forced by boundary layer processes to low-level thermodynamic fields. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 1767-1785.
    • (1996) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.124 , pp. 1767-1785
    • Crook, N.A.1
  • 13
    • 0001498669 scopus 로고
    • Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimensional model
    • Deardorff, J. W., 1980: Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimensional model. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 18, 495-527.
    • (1980) Bound.-Layer Meteor. , vol.18 , pp. 495-527
    • Deardorff, J.W.1
  • 14
    • 0022264245 scopus 로고
    • Threedimensional numerical modeling of convection produced by interacting thunderstorm outflows. Part I: Control simulation and low-level moisture variations
    • Droegemeier, K. K., and R. B. Wilhelmson, 1985: Threedimensional numerical modeling of convection produced by interacting thunderstorm outflows. Part I: Control simulation and low-level moisture variations. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2381-2403.
    • (1985) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 2381-2403
    • Droegemeier, K.K.1    Wilhelmson, R.B.2
  • 15
    • 0036821655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of negative mesoscale factors for severe-weather potential: A case study
    • Doswell, C. A., III, D. V. Baker, and C. A. Liles, 2002: Recognition of negative mesoscale factors for severe-weather potential: A case study. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 937-954.
    • (2002) Wea. Forecasting , vol.17 , pp. 937-954
    • Doswell C.A. III1    Baker, D.V.2    Liles, C.A.3
  • 16
    • 4444315259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind and temperature retrievals in the 17 May 1981 Arcadia, Oklahoma, supercell: Ensemble Kalman Filter experiments
    • Dowell, D. C., F. Zhang, L. J. Wicker, C. Snyder, and N. A. Crook, 2004: Wind and temperature retrievals in the 17 May 1981 Arcadia, Oklahoma, supercell: Ensemble Kalman Filter experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1982-2005.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 1982-2005
    • Dowell, D.C.1    Zhang, F.2    Wicker, L.J.3    Snyder, C.4    Crook, N.A.5
  • 17
    • 0024784810 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the role of the lid and underrunning in an outbreak of tornadic thunderstorms
    • Farrell, R. J., and T. N. Carlson, 1989: Evidence for the role of the lid and underrunning in an outbreak of tornadic thunderstorms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 857-871.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 857-871
    • Farrell, R.J.1    Carlson, T.N.2
  • 18
    • 33845415268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrification and lightning in an idealized boundary-crossing supercell simulation of 2 June 1995
    • Fierro, A. O., M. S. Gilmore, E. R. Mansell, L. J. Wicker, and J. M. Straka, 2006: Electrification and lightning in an idealized boundary-crossing supercell simulation of 2 June 1995. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 3149-3172.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 3149-3172
    • Fierro, A.O.1    Gilmore, M.S.2    Mansell, E.R.3    Wicker, L.J.4    Straka, J.M.5
  • 19
    • 48649087170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dryline characteristics near Lubbock, Texas, based on radar and West Texas Mesonet data for May 2005 and May 2006
    • Geerts, B., 2008: Dryline characteristics near Lubbock, Texas, based on radar and West Texas Mesonet data for May 2005 and May 2006. Wea. Forecasting, 23, 392-406.
    • (2008) Wea. Forecasting , vol.23 , pp. 392-406
    • Geerts, B.1
  • 20
    • 0032049529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of midtropospheric dryness on supercell morphology and evolution
    • Gilmore, M. S., and L. J. Wicker, 1998: The influence of midtropospheric dryness on supercell morphology and evolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 943-958.
    • (1998) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.126 , pp. 943-958
    • Gilmore, M.S.1    Wicker, L.J.2
  • 21
    • 0000545451 scopus 로고
    • Astatistical evaluation of lid strength index on deep convection
    • Graziano, T. M., and T. N. Carlson, 1987:Astatistical evaluation of lid strength index on deep convection. Wea. Forecasting, 2, 127-139.
    • (1987) Wea. Forecasting , vol.2 , pp. 127-139
    • Graziano, T.M.1    Carlson, T.N.2
  • 22
    • 33846681857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic analysis of supercell rear-flank downdrafts from Project ANSWERS
    • Grzych, M., B. Lee, and C. Finley, 2007: Thermodynamic analysis of supercell rear-flank downdrafts from Project ANSWERS. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 240-246.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.135 , pp. 240-246
    • Grzych, M.1    Lee, B.2    Finley, C.3
  • 23
    • 57649223728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A geographic information systems-based analysis of supercells across Oklahoma from 1994 to 2003
    • Hocker, J. E., and J. B. Basara, 2008: A geographic information systems-based analysis of supercells across Oklahoma from 1994 to 2003. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 1508-1538.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. , vol.47 , pp. 1508-1538
    • Hocker, J.E.1    Basara, J.B.2
  • 25
    • 0032450079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiscale convective overturning in mesoscale convective systems: Reconciling observations, simulations, and theory
    • Kain, J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1998: Multiscale convective overturning in mesoscale convective systems: Reconciling observations, simulations, and theory. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2254-2273.
    • (1998) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.126 , pp. 2254-2273
    • Kain, J.S.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 26
    • 0023150819 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of tornadic thunderstorms
    • Klemp, J. B., 1987: Dynamics of tornadic thunderstorms. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 19, 369-402.
    • (1987) Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. , vol.19 , pp. 369-402
    • Klemp, J.B.1
  • 27
    • 84983092849 scopus 로고
    • The simulation of threedimensional convective storm dynamics
    • Klemp, J. B., and R. B. Wilhelmson, 1978: The simulation of threedimensional convective storm dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1070-1096.
    • (1978) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 1070-1096
    • Klemp, J.B.1    Wilhelmson, R.B.2
  • 28
    • 0020969404 scopus 로고
    • A study of the tornadic region within a supercell thunderstorm
    • Klemp, J. B., and R. Rotunno, 1983: A study of the tornadic region within a supercell thunderstorm. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 359-377.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 359-377
    • Klemp, J.B.1    Rotunno, R.2
  • 29
    • 0019370678 scopus 로고
    • Observed and numerically simulated structure of a mature supercell storm
    • Klemp, J. B., R. B. Wilhelmson, and P. S. Ray, 1981: Observed and numerically simulated structure of a mature supercell storm. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1558-1580.
    • (1981) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 1558-1580
    • Klemp, J.B.1    Wilhelmson, R.B.2    Ray, P.S.3
  • 31
    • 0031436645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The numerical simulation of non-supercell tornadogenesis. Part I: Initiation and evolution of pretornadic misocyclone circulations along a dry outflow boundary
    • Lee, B. D., and R. B. Wilhelmson, 1997: The numerical simulation of non-supercell tornadogenesis. Part I: Initiation and evolution of pretornadic misocyclone circulations along a dry outflow boundary. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 32-60.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.54 , pp. 32-60
    • Lee, B.D.1    Wilhelmson, R.B.2
  • 33
    • 53849109933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TELEX The Thunderstorm Electrification and Lightning Experiment
    • MacGorman, D. R., and Coauthors, 2008: TELEX The Thunderstorm Electrification and Lightning Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 89, 997-1013.
    • (2008) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.89 , pp. 997-1013
    • MacGorman, D.R.1
  • 34
    • 0020429431 scopus 로고
    • Cloud-top entrainment instability observed in AMTEX
    • Mahrt, L., and J. Paumier, 1982: Cloud-top entrainment instability observed in AMTEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 622-634.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 622-634
    • Mahrt, L.1    Paumier, J.2
  • 35
    • 0036645999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct surface thermodynamic observations within the rear-flank downdrafts of nontornadic and tornadic supercells
    • Markowski, P., J. Straka, and E. Rasmussen, 2002: Direct surface thermodynamic observations within the rear-flank downdrafts of nontornadic and tornadic supercells. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1692-1721.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 1692-1721
    • Markowski, P.1    Straka, J.2    Rasmussen, E.3
  • 36
    • 0035303122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity of simulated supercell structure and intensity to variations in the shapes of environmental buoyancy and shear profiles
    • McCaul, E. W., Jr., and M. L. Weisman, 2001: The sensitivity of simulated supercell structure and intensity to variations in the shapes of environmental buoyancy and shear profiles. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 664-687.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 664-687
    • McCaul E.W., Jr.1    Weisman, M.L.2
  • 37
    • 0036646351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact on simulated storm structure and intensity of variations in the mixed layer and moist layer depths
    • McCaul, E. W., Jr., and C. Cohen, 2002: The impact on simulated storm structure and intensity of variations in the mixed layer and moist layer depths. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1722-1748.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 1722-1748
    • McCaul E.W., Jr.1    Cohen, C.2
  • 39
    • 0033382941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convection initiation by density currents: Role of convergence, shear, and dynamical organization
    • Moncrieff,M. W., and C. Liu, 1999: Convection initiation by density currents: Role of convergence, shear, and dynamical organization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2455-2464.
    • (1999) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.127 , pp. 2455-2464
    • Moncrieff, M.W.1    Liu, C.2
  • 41
    • 0000853718 scopus 로고
    • Environmental and thunderstorm structures as shown by National Severe Storms Project observations in spring 1960 and 1961
    • National Severe Storms Project
    • National Severe Storms Project, 1963: Environmental and thunderstorm structures as shown by National Severe Storms Project observations in spring 1960 and 1961. Mon. Wea. Rev., 91, 271-292.
    • (1963) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.91 , pp. 271-292
  • 42
    • 45849125794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of simulated squall lines to low-level cooling
    • Parker, M. D., 2008: Response of simulated squall lines to low-level cooling. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1323-1341.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 1323-1341
    • Parker, M.D.1
  • 43
    • 0033830153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of topography and lower-tropospheric winds on dryline morphology
    • Peckham, S. E., and L. J. Wicker, 2000: The influence of topography and lower-tropospheric winds on dryline morphology. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2165-2189.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 2165-2189
    • Peckham, S.E.1    Wicker, L.J.2
  • 45
    • 0032462576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in supercell morphology. Part I: Observations of the role of upper-level storm-relative flow
    • Rasmussen, E. N., and J. M. Straka, 1998: Variations in supercell morphology. Part I: Observations of the role of upper-level storm-relative flow. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2406-2421.
    • (1998) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.126 , pp. 2406-2421
    • Rasmussen, E.N.1    Straka, J.M.2
  • 47
    • 34047212331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of horizontal environmental variability on numerically simulated convective storms. Part I: Variations in vertical shear
    • Richardson, Y. P., K. K. Droegemeier, and R. P. Davies-Jones, 2007: The influence of horizontal environmental variability on numerically simulated convective storms. Part I: Variations in vertical shear. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3429-3455.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.135 , pp. 3429-3455
    • Richardson, Y.P.1    Droegemeier, K.K.2    Davies-Jones, R.P.3
  • 48
    • 0036614626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synoptic regulation of the 3 May 1999 tornado outbreak
    • Roebber, P. J., D. M. Schultz, and R. Romero, 2002: Synoptic regulation of the 3 May 1999 tornado outbreak. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 399-429.
    • (2002) Wea. Forecasting , vol.17 , pp. 399-429
    • Roebber, P.J.1    Schultz, D.M.2    Romero, R.3
  • 49
    • 0022264220 scopus 로고
    • On the rotation and propagation of simulated supercell thunderstorms
    • Rotunno, R., and J. Klemp, 1985: On the rotation and propagation of simulated supercell thunderstorms. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 271-292.
    • (1985) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 271-292
    • Rotunno, R.1    Klemp, J.2
  • 50
    • 33744763994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface in situ observations within the outflow of forward-flank downdrafts of supercell storms
    • Shabbott, C., and P. Markowski, 2006: Surface in situ observations within the outflow of forward-flank downdrafts of supercell storms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 1422-1441.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 1422-1441
    • Shabbott, C.1    Markowski, P.2
  • 52
    • 0019184233 scopus 로고
    • A laboratory model of an atmospheric mesofront
    • Simpson, J. E., and R. E. Britter, 1980: A laboratory model of an atmospheric mesofront. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 485-500.
    • (1980) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.106 , pp. 485-500
    • Simpson, J.E.1    Britter, R.E.2
  • 53
    • 0003608395 scopus 로고
    • Ph.D Dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, [Available from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706.]
    • Straka, J. M., 1989: Hail growth in a highly glaciated central high plains multi-cellular hailstorm. Ph.D Dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 413 pp. [Available from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706.]
    • (1989) Hail growth in a highly glaciated central high plains multi-cellular hailstorm , pp. 413
    • Straka, J.M.1
  • 55
    • 19144362100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A bulk microphysical parameterization with multiple ice precipitation categories
    • Straka, J. M., and E. R. Mansell, 2005: A bulk microphysical parameterization with multiple ice precipitation categories. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 445-466.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.44 , pp. 445-466
    • Straka, J.M.1    Mansell, E.R.2
  • 56
    • 0018663545 scopus 로고
    • Boundary layer forcing as a possible trigger to a squall line formation
    • Sun, W.-Y., andY.Ogura, 1979:Boundary layer forcing as a possible trigger to a squall line formation. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 235-254.
    • (1979) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 235-254
    • Sun, W.-Y.1    Ogura, Y.2
  • 57
    • 11844294089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of convection initiation in a mesoscale model using high-resolution land surface initial conditions
    • Trier, S. B., F. Chen, and K. W. Manning, 2004: A study of convection initiation in a mesoscale model using high-resolution land surface initial conditions. Mon.Wea. Rev., 132, 2954-2976.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 2954-2976
    • Trier, S.B.1    Chen, F.2    Manning, K.W.3
  • 58
    • 0023469263 scopus 로고
    • The forward-in-time upstream advection scheme: Extension to higher orders
    • Tremback, C. J., J. Powell, W. R. Cotton, and R. A. Pielke Sr., 1987: The forward-in-time upstream advection scheme: Extension to higher orders. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 540-555.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 540-555
    • Tremback, C.J.1    Powell, J.2    Cotton, W.R.3    Pielke R.A., Sr.4
  • 59
    • 33750496042 scopus 로고
    • Wave patterns with an Alberta hailstorm
    • Warner, C., 1976: Wave patterns with an Alberta hailstorm. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 57, 780-787.
    • (1976) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.57 , pp. 780-787
    • Warner, C.1
  • 60
    • 0019370679 scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional numerical simulation of splitting severe storms on 3 April 1964
    • Wilhelmson, R. B., and J. B. Klemp, 1981: A three-dimensional numerical simulation of splitting severe storms on 3 April 1964. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1581-1600.
    • (1981) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 1581-1600
    • Wilhelmson, R.B.1    Klemp, J.B.2
  • 61
    • 0020434898 scopus 로고
    • The dependence of numerically simulated convective storms on vertical wind shear and buoyancy
    • Weisman, M. L., and J. B. Klemp, 1982: The dependence of numerically simulated convective storms on vertical wind shear and buoyancy. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 504-520.
    • (1982) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.110 , pp. 504-520
    • Weisman, M.L.1    Klemp, J.B.2
  • 62
    • 0021639139 scopus 로고
    • The structure and classification of numerically simulated convective storms in directionally varying wind shears
    • Weisman, M. L., and J. B. Klemp, 1984: The structure and classification of numerically simulated convective storms in directionally varying wind shears. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 2479-2498.
    • (1984) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.112 , pp. 2479-2498
    • Weisman, M.L.1    Klemp, J.B.2
  • 63
    • 33644753077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-resolution modeling study of the 24 May 2002 dryline case during IHOP. Part I: Numerical simulation and general evolution of the dryline and convection
    • Xue, M., and W. J. Martin, 2006a: A high-resolution modeling study of the 24 May 2002 dryline case during IHOP. Part I: Numerical simulation and general evolution of the dryline and convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 149-171.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 149-171
    • Xue, M.1    Martin, W.J.2
  • 64
    • 33644761111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-resolution modeling study of the 24 May 2002 dryline case during IHOP. Part II: Horizontal convective rolls and convective initiation
    • Xue, M., and W. J. Martin, 2006b: A high-resolution modeling study of the 24 May 2002 dryline case during IHOP. Part II: Horizontal convective rolls and convective initiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 172-191.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 172-191
    • Xue, M.1    Martin, W.J.2
  • 65
    • 0027829728 scopus 로고
    • An observational study of the dryline
    • Ziegler, C. L., and C. E. Hane, 1993: An observational study of the dryline. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1134-1151.
    • (1993) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.121 , pp. 1134-1151
    • Ziegler, C.L.1    Hane, C.E.2
  • 66
    • 0028602528 scopus 로고
    • Observed lightning morphology relative to modeled space charge and electric field distributions in a tornadic storm
    • Ziegler, C. L., and D. R. MacGorman, 1994: Observed lightning morphology relative to modeled space charge and electric field distributions in a tornadic storm. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 833-851.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 833-851
    • Ziegler, C.L.1    MacGorman, D.R.2
  • 67
    • 0032434568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The initiation of moist convection at the dryline: Forecasting issues from a case study perspective
    • Ziegler, C. L., and E. N. Rasmussen, 1998: The initiation of moist convection at the dryline: Forecasting issues from a case study perspective. Wea. Forecasting, 13, 1106-1131.
    • (1998) Wea. Forecasting , vol.13 , pp. 1106-1131
    • Ziegler, C.L.1    Rasmussen, E.N.2
  • 69
    • 0000781159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective initiation at the dryline:Amodeling study
    • Ziegler, C. L., T. J. Lee, and R. A. Pielke Sr., 1997: Convective initiation at the dryline:Amodeling study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1001-1026.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 1001-1026
    • Ziegler, C.L.1    Lee, T.J.2    Pielke R.A., Sr.3
  • 71
    • 34547691050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "triple point" on 24 May 2002 during IHOP. Part II: Ground-radar and in situ boundary layer analysis of cumulus development and convection initiation
    • Ziegler, C. L., E. Rasmussen, M. Buban, Y. Richardson, L. J. Miller, and R. Rabin, 2007: The "triple point" on 24 May 2002 during IHOP. Part II: Ground-radar and in situ boundary layer analysis of cumulus development and convection initiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2443-2472.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.135 , pp. 2443-2472
    • Ziegler, C.L.1    Rasmussen, E.2    Buban, M.3    Richardson, Y.4    Miller, L.J.5    Rabin, R.6
  • 72
    • 0022171664 scopus 로고
    • Doppler spectra and estimated windspeed of a violent tornado
    • Zrnic, D., D. W. Burgess, and L. Hennington, 1985: Doppler spectra and estimated windspeed of a violent tornado. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 24, 1068-1081.
    • (1985) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.24 , pp. 1068-1081
    • Zrnic, D.1    Burgess, D.W.2    Hennington, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.