Influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation on the extratropical winter stratosphere in an atmospheric general circulation model and in reanalysis data

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 67, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 1402-1419

  Anstey, James A ^a   Shepherd, Theodore G ^a   Scinocca, John F ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Extratropics; General circulation models; Quasi biennial oscillation; Stratosphere; Winter cool season

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS; DECADAL TIMESCALE; ECMWF RE-ANALYSIS; EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION; EQUATORIAL WINDS; EXTRATROPICAL; EXTRATROPICS; FORCINGS; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; PARAMETERIZED; PHASE ANGLES; POLAR VORTEX; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; REANALYSIS; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES; STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX; STRATOSPHERIC WINDS; VERTICAL PROFILE; VERTICAL STRUCTURES; ZONAL WIND;

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLOUDS; FOURIER ANALYSIS; ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS; UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

PHASE TRANSITIONS;

ANNUAL VARIATION; ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; POLAR VORTEX; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; STRATOSPHERE; WINTER;

EID: 77955566813     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2009JAS3292.1     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Anstey, J. A., and T. G. Shepherd, 2008: Response of the northern stratospheric polar vortex to the seasonal alignment of QBO phase transitions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22810, doi:10.1029/2008GL035721.
2. Baldwin, M. P., and T. J. Dunkerton, 1998: Quasi-biennial modulation of the Southern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3343-3346.
3. Baldwin, M. P., and T. J. Dunkerton, 1999: Propagation of the Arctic Oscillation from the stratosphere to the troposphere. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30 937-30 946.
4. Baldwin, M. P., and L. J. Gray, 2005: Tropical stratospheric zonal winds in ECMWF ERA-40 reanalysis, rocketsonde data, and rawinsonde data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L09806, doi:10.1029/2004GL022328.
5. Baldwin, M. P., and Coauthors, 2001: The quasi-biennial oscillation. Rev. Geophys., 39, 179-229.
6. Baldwin, M. P., D. B. Stephenson, D. W. J. Thompson, T. J. Dunkerton, A. J. Charlton, andA.O'Neill, 2003: Stratospheric memory and skill of extended-range weather forecasts. Science, 301, 636-640.
7. Beagley, S. R., J. de Grandpré, J. N. Koshyk, N. A. McFarlane, and T. G. Shepherd, 1997: Radiative-dynamical climatology of the first-generation Canadian middle atmosphere model. Atmos.-Ocean, 35, 293-331.
8. Bridger, A. F., 1984: A numerical test of connections between the stratospheric sudden warming and the quasi-biennial oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4826-4832.
9. Calvo, N., M. A. Giorgetta, and C. Peña-Ortiz, 2007: Sensitivity of the boreal winter circulation in the middle atmosphere to the quasi-biennial oscillation in MAECHAM5 simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10124, doi:10.1029/2006JD007844.
10. Campbell, L. J., and T.G. Shepherd, 2005: Constraints on wave drag parameterization schemes for simulating the quasi-biennial oscillation. Part I: Gravity wave forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 4178-4195.
11. Chen, P., 1996: The influences of zonal flow on wave breaking and tropical-extratropical interaction in the lower stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2379-2392.
12. Dunkerton, T. J., 1990: Annual variation of deseasonalized mean flow acceleration in the equatorial lower stratosphere. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 68, 499-508.
13. Dunkerton, T. J., 1997: The role of gravity waves in the quasi-biennial oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26 053-26 076.
14. Dunkerton, T. J., and M. P. Baldwin, 1991: Quasi-biennial modulation of planetary-wave fluxes in the Northern Hemisphere winter. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1043-1061.
15. Garcia, R. R., and S. Solomon, 1987: A possible relationship between interannual variability in Antarctic ozone and the quasibiennial oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 848-851.
16. Giorgetta,M.A.,E.Manzini,E.Roeckner, M. Esch, and L. Bengtsson, 2006: Climatology and forcing of the quasi-biennial oscillation in the MAECHEM5 model. J. Climate, 19, 3882-3901.
17. Gray, L. J., 2003: The influence of the equatorial upper stratosphere on stratospheric sudden warmings. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1166, doi:10.1029/2002GL016430.
18. Gray, L. J., E. F. Drysdale, T. J. Dunkerton, and B. N. Lawrence, 2001a: Model studies of the interannual variability of the northernhemisphere stratospheric winter circulation: The role of the quasibiennial oscillation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 1413-1432.
19. Gray, L. J., S. J. Phipps, T. J. Dunkerton, M. P. Baldwin, E. F. Drysdale, and M. R. Allen, 2001b: A data study of the influence of the equatorial upper stratosphere on northern-hemisphere stratospheric sudden warmings. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 1985-2003.
20. Gray, L. J., S. Sparrow, M. Juckes, A. O'Neill, and D. G. Andrews, 2003: Flow regimes in the winter stratosphere of the northern hemisphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 925-945.
21. Gray, L. J., S. Crooks, C. Pascoe, S. Sparrow, and M. Palmer, 2004: Solar and QBO influences on the timing of stratospheric sudden warmings. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2777-2796.
22. Hamilton, K., 1998: Effects of an imposed quasi-biennial oscillation in a comprehensive troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2393-2418.
23. Hamilton, K., A. Hertzog, F. Vial, and G. Stenchikov, 2004: Longitudinal variation of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 383-402.
24. Hampson, J., and P. Haynes, 2006: Influence of the equatorial QBO on the extratropical stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 936-951.
25. Hitchman,M. H., and A. S. Huesmann, 2009: Seasonal influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation on stratospheric jets and Rossby wave breaking. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 935-946.
26. Holton, J. R., and H.-C. Tan, 1980: The influence of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation on the global circulation at 50 mb. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2200-2208.
27. Holton, J. R., and J. Austin, 1991: The influence of the equatorial QBO on sudden stratospheric warmings. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 607-618.
28. Horinouchi, T., and S. Yoden, 1998: Wave-mean flow interaction associated with a QBO-like oscillation simulated in a simplified GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 502-526.
29. Huesmann, A. S., and M. H. Hitchman, 2001: The stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation in the NCEP reanalyses: Climatological structures. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 11 859-11 874.
30. Karpetchko, A., and G. Nikulin, 2004: Influence of early winter upward wave activity flux on midwinter circulation in the stratosphere and troposphere. J. Climate, 17, 4443-4452.
31. Kodera, K., 1991: The solar and equatorial QBO influences on the stratospheric circulation during the early northern-hemisphere winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1023-1026.
32. Kodera, K., M. Chiba, and K. Shibata, 1991: A general circulation model study of the solar and QBO modulation of the stratospheric circulation during the northern hemisphere winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1209-1212.
33. Labitzke, K., 1987: Sunspots, the QBO, and the stratospheric temperature in the north polar region. Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 535-537.
34. Labitzke, K., and H. van Loon, 1988: Associations between the 11-year solar cycle, the QBO and the atmosphere. Part I: The troposphere and stratosphere in the northern hemisphere winter. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 50, 197-206.
35. Lindzen, R., and J. R. Holton, 1968: A theory of the quasi-biennial oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 1095-1107.
36. Logan, J. A., and Coauthors, 2003: Quasibiennial oscillation in tropical ozone as revealed by ozonesondes and satellite data. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4244, doi:10.1029/2002JD002170.
37. Lu, H., M. P. Baldwin, L. J. Gray, and M. J. Jarvis, 2008: Decadalscale changes in the effect of the QBO on the northern stratospheric polar vortex. J.Geophys.Res., 113,D10114, doi:10.1029/2007JD009647.
38. Maruyama, T., 1991: Annual and QBO-synchronized variations of lower-stratospheric equatorial wave activity over Singapore during 1961-1989. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69, 219-231.
39. Matthes, K., U. Langematz, L. J. Gray, K. Kodera, and K. Labitzke, 2004: Improved 11-year solar signal in the Freie Universität Berlin Climate Middle Atmosphere Model (FUB-CMAM). J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06101, doi:10.1029/2003JD004012.
40. Naito, Y., and I. Hirota, 1997: Interannual variability of the northern winter stratospheric circulation related to theQBOand the solar cycle. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 75, 925-937.
41. Naito, Y., and S. Yoden, 2006: Behavior of planetary waves before and after stratospheric sudden warming events in several phase of the equatorial QBO. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1637-1649.
42. Naujokat, B., 1986: An update of the observed quasi-biennial oscillation of the stratospheric winds over the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1873-1877.
43. Niwano, M., and M. Takahashi, 1998: The influence of the equatorial QBO on the Northern Hemisphere winter circulation of a GCM. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 76, 453-461.
44. O'Sullivan, D., 1997: Interaction of extratropical Rossby waves with westerly quasi-biennial oscillation winds. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 19 461-19 469.
45. O'Sullivan, D., and M. L. Salby, 1990: Coupling of the quasi-biennial oscillation and the extratropical circulation in the stratosphere through planetary wave transport. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 650-673.
46. O'Sullivan, D., and R. E. Young, 1992: Modeling the quasi-biennial oscillation's effect on the winter stratospheric circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2437-2448.
47. O'Sullivan, D., and T. J. Dunkerton, 1994: Seasonal development of the extratropical QBO in a numerical model of the middle atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3706-3721.
48. Palmer,M.A., andL. J.Gray, 2005:Modeling the atmospheric response to solar irradiance changes using a GCM with a realistic QBO. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L24701, doi:10.1029/2005GL023809.
49. Pascoe, C. L., L. J.Gray, andA.A. Scaife, 2006:AGCMstudy of the influence of equatorial winds on the timing of sudden stratospheric warmings. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06825, doi:10.1029/2005GL024715.
50. Polvani, L. M., D. W. Waugh, and R. A. Plumb, 1995: On the subtropical edge of the stratospheric surf zone. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1288-1309.
51. Randel, W., and F. Wu, 1996: Isolation of the ozone QBO in SAGE II data by singular-value decomposition. J.Atmos. Sci., 53, 2546-2559.
52. Randel, W., and Coauthors, 2004: The SPARC intercomparison of middleatmosphere climatologies. J. Climate, 17, 986-1003.
53. Salby, M., and P. Callaghan, 2000: Connection between the solar cycle and the QBO: The missing link. J. Climate, 13, 328-338.
54. Scinocca, J. F., 2003: An accurate spectral nonorographic gravity wave drag parameterization for general circulation models. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 667-682.
55. Scinocca, J. F., N. A. McFarlane, M. Lazare, J. Li, and D. Plummer, 2008: The CCCma third generation AGCM and its extension into the middle atmosphere. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7055-7074.
56. Takahashi, M., 1996: Simulation of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation using a general circulation model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 661-664.
57. Uppala, S. M., and Coauthors, 2005: The ERA-40 re-analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961-3012.
58. von Storch, H., and F. R. Zwiers, 1999: Statistical Analysis in Climate Research. Cambridge University Press, 484 pp.
59. Wallace, J. M., R. L. Panetta, and J. Estberg, 1993: Representation of the equatorial stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation in EOF phase space. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1751-1762.