Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy in Egypt: A hospital-based study

Ophthalmic Research

Volumn 45, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 73-78

  MacKy, Tamer A ^a   Khater, Noha ^a   Al Zamil, Mohammad A ^b   El Fishawy, Hussein ^a   Soliman, Mahmoud M ^a  

^a Cairo University   (Egypt)

^b Air Force Specialized Hospital   (Egypt)

Author keywords

Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic macular edema; Diabetic retinopathy; Egypt; Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIOMICROSCOPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC PATIENT; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DISEASE DURATION; EGYPT; FEMALE; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HEALTH SURVEY; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INTERVIEW; LASER COAGULATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL ASSESSMENT; OPHTHALMOSCOPY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; SCREENING; SLIT LAMP; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; EGYPT; FEMALE; HOSPITALS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SEX DISTRIBUTION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77955540341     PISSN: 00303747     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000314876     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Arab M: Diabetes mellitus in Egypt. World Health Stat Q 1992;45:334-337.
2. Herman WH, Ali MA, Aubert RE, Engelgau MM, Kenny SJ, Gunter EW, Malarcher AM, Brechner RJ, Wetterhall SF, DeStefano F: Diabetes mellitus in Egypt: risk factors and prevalence. Diabet Med 1995;12:1126-1131.
3. Alwan A, King H: Diabetes in the eastern Mediterranean region. World Health Stat Q 1992;45:355-359.
4. Alwan A, King H: Diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean (Middle East) region: the World Health Organization responds to a major public health challenge. Diabet Med 1995;12:1057-1058.
5. Al-Lawati JA, Al Riyami AM, Mohammed AJ, Jousilahti P: Increasing pre valence of diabetes mel litus in Oman. Diabet Med 2002;19:954-957.
6. Al-Riyami AA, Afifi M: Distribution and correlates of total impaired fasting glucose in Oman. East Mediterr Health J 2003;9:377-389.
7. Al-Nuaim AR: Prevalence of glucose intolerance in urban and rural communities in Saudi Arabia. Diabet Med 1997;14:595-602.
8. Hadaegh F, Bozorgmanesh MR, Ghasemi A, Harati H, Saadat N, Azizi F: High preva lence of undiagnosed diabetes and abnormal glucose tolerance in the Iranian urban population: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. BMC Public Health 2008;8:176.
9. Husseini A, Abdul-Rahim H, Awartani F, Jervell J, Bjertness E: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in a rural Palestinian population. East Mediterr Health J 2000;6:1039-1045.
10. Abdul-Rahim HF, Husseini A, Giacaman R, Jervell J, Bjertness E: Diabetes mellitus in an urban Palestinian population: prevalence and associated factors. East Mediterr Health J 2001;7:67-78. (Pubitemid 33758524)
11. Al-Habori M, Al-Mamari M, Al-Meeri A: Type II diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in Yemen: prevalence associated metabolic changes and risk factors. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004;65:275-281.
12. Elbagir MN, Eltom MA, Elmahadi EM, Kadam IM, Berne C: A population-based study of the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in adults in northern Sudan. Diabetes Care 1996;19:1126-1128.
13. Bouguerra R, Alberti H, Salem LB, Rayana CB, Atti JE, Gaigi S, Slama CB, Zouari B, Alberti K: The global diabetes pandemic: the Tunisian experience. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61:160-165.
14. Bener A, Zirie M, Janahi IM, Al-Hamaq AO, Musallam M, Wareham NJ: Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in a population-based study of Qatar. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009;84:99-106.
15. Malik M, Bakir A, Saab BA, King H: Glucose intolerance and associated factors in the multi-ethnic population of the United Arab Emirates: results of a national survey. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005;69:188-195.
16. Saadi H, Carruthers SG, Nagelkerke N, Al-Maskari F, Afandi B, Reed R, Lukic M, Nicholls MG, Kazam E, Algawi K, Al-Kaabi J, Leduc C, Sabri S, El-Sadig M, Elkhumaidi S, Agarwal M, Benedict S: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its complications in a population-based sample in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007;78:369-377.
17. Herman WH, Aubert RE, Engelgau MM, Thompson TJ, Ali MA, Sous ES, Hegazy M, Badran A, Kenny SJ, Gunter EW, Malarcher AM, Brechner RJ, Wetterhall SF, DeStefano F, Smith PJ, Habib M, abd el Shakour S, Ibrahim AS, el Behairy EM: Diabetes mellitus in Egypt: glycemic control and microvascular and neuropathic complications. Diabet Med 1998;15:1045-1051.
18. el-Shazly M, Zeid M, Osman A: Risk factors for eye complications in patients with diabetes mellitus: development and progression. East Mediterr Health J 2000;6:313-325.
19. Janghorbani M, Amini M, Ghanbari H, Safaiee H: Incidence of and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in Isfahan, Iran. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2003;10:81-95.
20. Amini M, Parvaresh E: Prevalence of macroand microvascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes in Iran: a systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009;83:18-25.
21. Al-Maskari F, El-Sadig M: Preva lence of diabetic retinopathy in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Ophthalmol 2007;7:11.
22. Khandekar R, Al Lawatii J, Mohammed AJ, Al Raisi A: Diabetic retinopathy in Oman: a hospital based study. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87:1061-1064.
23. el Haddad OA, Saad MK: Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy among Omani diabetics. Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:901-906.
24. Al-Adsani AM: Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in Kuwaiti type 2 diabetic patients. Saudi Med J 2007;28:579-583.
25. El-Asrar AM, Al-Rubeaan KA, Al-Amro SA, Kangave D, Moharram OA: Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy among Saudi diabetics. Int Ophthalmol 1999;22:155-161.
26. Bamashmus MA, Gunaid AA, Khandekar R: Regular visits to a diabetes clinic were associated with lower magnitude of visual disability and diabetic retinopathy - a hospital-based historical cohort study in Yemen. Diabetes Technol Ther 2009;11:45-50.
27. Waked N, Nacouzi R, Haddad N, Zaini R: Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy in Lebanon (in French). J Fr Ophtalmol 2006;29:289-295.
28. Al-Zuabi H, Al-Tammar Y, Al-Moataz R, Al-Sabti K, Wani VB, Hamama F, Mohammad H, Al-Suwayan MH: Retinopathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Med Princ Pract 2005;14:293-296.
29. Elbagir MN, Eltom MA, Mahadi EO, Berne C: Pattern of long-term complications in Sudanese insulin-treated diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995;30:59-67.
30. Kadiki OA, Roaed RB: Epidemiological and clinical patterns of diabetes mellitus in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. East Mediterr Health J 1999;5:6-13.
31. Ayed S, Jeddi A, Daghfous F, Ben Osman N, Sebai L: Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy. Tunis Med 1993;71:141-144.
32. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE: The Wisconsin epidemiological study of diabetic retinopathy: a review. Diabetes Metab Rev 1989;5:559-570. (Pubitemid 19272666)
33. Rubino A, Rousculp MD, Davis K, Wang J, Girach A: Diagnosed diabetic retinopathy in France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. RTI Health Solutions, Manchester Science Park, Manchester, UK. Prim Care Diabetes 2007;1:75-80.
34. World Health Organization: Definitions, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Report of a WHO consultation. WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2. Geneva, WHO, 1999.
35. Wilkinson CP, Ferris FL 3rd, Klein RE, Lee PP, Agardh CD, Davis M, Dills D, Kampik A, Pararajasegaram R, Verdaguer JT, Global Diabetic Retinopathy Project Group: Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales. Ophthalmology 2003;110:1677-1682.