Above-stream microclimate and stream surface energy exchanges in a wildfire-disturbed riparian zone

Hydrological Processes

Volumn 24, Issue 17, 2010, Pages 2369-2381

  Leach, J A ^a   Moore, R D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Canopy cover; Forest disturbance; Heat budget; Riparian microclimate; Stream temperature; Wildfire

Indexed keywords

AIR TEMPERATURE; BRITISH COLUMBIA; CANOPY COVER; ENERGY EXCHANGES; FOREST DISTURBANCES; HEAT BUDGET; HEAT EXCHANGE; HEAT GAINS; NEGATIVE VALUES; NET RADIATION; RELIABLE ESTIMATES; RIPARIAN ZONES; SENSIBLE AND LATENT HEAT FLUXES; SINGLE LOCATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; STANDING DEAD TREES; STREAM ENERGY; STREAM SURFACE; STREAM TEMPERATURES; SURFACE HEAT FLUXES; WIND SPEED;

BUDGET CONTROL; FIRES; FORESTRY; HEAT FLUX; HYDRAULICS; LATENT HEAT; LOCATION; SURFACE CHEMISTRY; SURFACE TENSION; VEGETATION;

RADIATION;

FOREST CANOPY; FOREST COVER; HEAT BUDGET; LATENT HEAT FLUX; MICROCLIMATE; NET RADIATION; RIPARIAN ZONE; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX; SPATIAL VARIATION; STREAM; SURFACE ENERGY; WATER TEMPERATURE; WILDFIRE; WIND VELOCITY;

CHEMISTRY; COST CONTROL; FIRES; FOREST CANOPY; FORESTRY; HYDRAULICS; PLANTS; RADIATION; SURFACE PROPERTIES; SURFACE TENSION;

FISHTRAP CREEK; UNITED STATES; WASHINGTON [UNITED STATES];

EID: 77955524537     PISSN: 08856087     EISSN: 10991085     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hyp.7639     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Amaranthus M, Jubas H, Arthur D. 1989. Stream shading, summer streamflow and maximum water temperature following intense wildfire in headwater streams. Proceedings of the Symposium on Fire and Watershed Management, USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, vol. PSW-109, Berg N (ed), Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station: Berkeley, California; 75-78.
2. Arnold NS, Willis IC, Sharp MJ, Richards KS, Lawson WJ. 1996. A distributed surface energy-balance model for a small valley glacier. I. Development and testing for Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Valais, Switzerland. Journal of Glaciology 42(140): 77-89.
3. Black TA, Chen J-M, Lee X, Sagar RM. 1991. Characteristics of shortwave and longwave irradiances under a Douglas-fir forest stand. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21: 1020-1028.
4. Braithwaite RJ, Olesen OB. 1990. A simple energy-balance model to calculate ice ablation at the margin of the Greenland ice sheet. Journal of Glaciology 36(123): 222-228.
5. Brock B, Arnold NS. 2000. A spreadsheet-based (Microsoft Excel) point surface energy balance model for glacier and snow melt studies. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 25: 649-658.
6. Brown GW. 1969. Predicting the effect of clearcutting on stream temperature. Water Resources Research 5(1): 68-75.
7. Brown GW, Krygier JT. 1970. Effects of clear-cutting on stream temperature. Water Resources Research 6: 1133-1139.
8. Byrd RH, Lu P, Nocedal J, Zhu C. 1995. A limited memory algorithm for bound constrained optimization. SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing 16(5): 1190-1208.
9. Caissie D. 2006. The thermal regime of rivers: a review. Freshwater Biology 51(8): 1389-1406.
10. Cozzetto K, McKnight D, Nylen T, Fountain A. 2006. Experimental investigations into processes controlling stream and hyporheic temperatures, Fryxell Basin, Antarctica. Advances in Water Resources 29(2): 130-153.
11. Davies-Colley RJ, Rutherford JC. 2005. Some approaches for measuring and modelling riparian shade. Ecological Engineering 24(5): 525-530.
12. Dignan P, Bren L. 2003. Modelling light penetration edge effects for stream buffer design in Mountain Ash Forest in southeastern Australia. Forest Ecology and Management 179: 95-106.
13. Donato DC, Fontaine JB, Campbell JL, Robinson WD, Kauffman JB, Law BE. 2006. Post-wildfire logging hinders regeneration and increases fire risk. Science 311: 352.
14. Dunham JB, Rosenberger AE, Luce CH, Rieman BE. 2007. Influences of wildfire and channel reorganization on spatial and temporal variation in stream temperature and the distribution of fish and amphibians. Ecosystems 10: 335-346.
15. Eaton BC, Moore RD, Giles T. Forest fire, root strength and channel instability: the 'unusual' response of Fishtrap Creek, British Columbia. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. In press.
16. Erbs DG, Klein SA, Duffie JA. 1982. Estimation of the diffuse radiation fraction for hourly, daily and monthly-average global radiation. Solar Energy 28(4): 293-302.
17. Evans EC, McGregor GR, Petts GE. 1998. River energy budgets with special reference to river bed processes. Hydrological Processes 12(4): 575-595.
18. Feller MC. 1981. Effects of clear-cutting and slashburning on stream temperature in southwestern British Columbia. Water Resources Bulletin 17: 863-867.
19. Frazer GW, Canham CD, Lertzman KP. 1999. Gap Light Analyser (GLA), Version 2 0: Imaging Software to Extract Canopy Structure and Light Transmission Indices from True-Colour Fisheye Photographs. User's Manual and Program Documentation. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B. C. and the Institute of Ecosystem Studies: Millbrook (NY).
20. Fried JS, Torn MS, Mills E. 2004. The impact of climate change on wildfire severity: a regional forecast for Northern California. Climatic Change 64(1): 169-191.
21. Gomi T, Moore RD, Dhakal AS. 2006. Headwater stream temperature response to clear-cut harvesting with different riparian treatments, coastal British Columbia, Canada. Water Resources Research 42: W08437, DOI:10.1029/2005WR004162.
22. Guenther SM. 2007. Impacts of partial-retention harvesting with no buffer on the thermal regime of a headwater stream and its riparian zone. Master's thesis, University of British Columbia.
23. Hannah D, Malcolm I, Soulsby C, Youngson A. 2004. Heat exchanges and temperatures within a salmon spawning stream in the Cairngorms, Scotland: seasonal and sub-seasonal dynamics. River Research and Applications 20(6): 635-652.
24. Hannah DM, Malcolm IA, Soulsby C, Youngson AF. 2008. A comparison of forest and moorland stream microclimate, heat exchanges and thermal dynamics. Hydrological Processes 22: 919-940.
25. Helvey JD. 1972. First-year effects of wildfire on water yield and stream temperature in north-central Washington. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Watersheds in Transition, Fort Collins, Colorado, American Water Resources Association: Urbana (IL); 308-312.
26. Hitt NP. 2003. Immediate effects of wildfire on stream temperature. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 18(1): 171.
27. Iqbal M. 1983. An Introduction to Solar Radiation. Academic Press: Toronto.
28. Johnson SL. 2003. Stream temperature: scaling of observations and issues for modelling. Hydrological Processes 17(2): 497-499.
29. Johnson SL. 2004. Factors influencing stream temperatures in small streams: substrate effects and a shading experiment. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61(6): 913-923.
30. Johnson SL, Jones JA. 2000. Stream temperature responses to forest harvest and debris flows in western Cascades, Oregon. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57(S2): 30-39.
31. Kelley CE, Krueger WC. 2005. Canopy cover and shade determinations in riparian zones. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 41(1): 37-46.
32. Leach JA, Moore RD. 2008. Stream temperature response to wildfire disturbance: lessons from Fishtrap Creek. Streamline Watershed Management Bulletin 12: 11-16.
33. Macdonald JS, MacIsaac EA, Herunter HE. 2003. The effect of variableretention riparian buffers on water temperatures in small headwater streams in sub-boreal forest ecosystems of British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33: 1371-1382.
34. Meisner JD, Rosenfeld JS, Regier JA. 1988. The role of groundwater on the impact of climate warming on stream salmonines. Fisheries 13: 2-8.
35. Mellina E, Moore RD, Hinch SG, Macdonald JS, Pearson G. 2002. Stream temperature responses to clearcut logging in British Columbia: the moderating influences of groundwater and headwater lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59(12): 1886-1900.
36. Minshall GW, Robinson CT, Lawrence DE. 1997. Postfire responses of lotic ecosystems in Yellowstone National Park, U. S. A. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54(11): 2509-2525.
37. Moore RD, Spittlehouse DL, Story A. 2005a. Riparian microclimate and stream temperature response to forest harvesting: A review. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 41(4): 813-834.
38. Moore RD, Sutherland P, Gomi T, Dhakal A. 2005b. Thermal regime of a headwater stream within a clear-cut, coastal British Columbia, Canada. Hydrological Processes 19(13): 2591-2608.
39. Nitschke CR. 2005. Does forest harvesting emulate fire disturbance? A comparison of effects on selected attributes in coniferousdominated headwater systems. Forest Ecology and Management 214(1-3): 305-319.
40. Oke TR. 1987. Boundary Layer Climates, 2nd edn, Routledge: New York.
41. Oke TR. 1987. Boundary Layer Climates, 2nd edn, Routledge: New York. Phillips JC. 2007. Post-fire dynamics of a gravel bed stream: Fishtrap Creek, British Columbia, Master's thesis, University of British Columbia.
42. Prata AJ. 1996. A new long-wave formula for estimating downward clear-sky radiation at the surface. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 122(533): 1127-1151.
43. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2006. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria; ISBN 3-900051-07-0.
44. Reeves GH, Bisson PA, Rieman BE, Benda LE. 2006. Postfire logging in riparian areas. Conservation Biology 20(4): 994-1004.
45. Royer TV, Minshall GW. 1997. Temperature patterns in small streams following wildfire. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 140(2): 237-242.
46. Sinokrot BA, Stefan HG. 1993. Stream temperature dynamics: measurements and modeling. Water Resources Research 29(7): 2299-2312.
47. Story A, Moore RD, Macdonald JS. 2003. Stream temperatures in two shaded reaches below cutblocks and logging roads: downstream cooling linked to subsurface hydrology. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33(8): 1383-1396.
48. Stull RB. 2000. Meteorology for Scientists and Engineers. Brooks/Cole: Pacific Grove.
49. Webb BW, Hannah DM, Moore RD, Brown LE, Nobilis F. 2008. Recent advances in stream and river temperature research. Hydrological Processes 22: 902-918.
50. Webb BW, Zhang Y. 1997. Spatial and seasonal variability in the components of the river heat budget. Hydrological Processes 11(1): 79-101.
51. Weiler M, McDonnell J. 2004. Virtual experiments: a new approach for improving process conceptualization in hillslope hydrology. Journal of Hydrology 285: 3-18.
52. Winkler RD, Spittlehouse DL, Golding DL. 2005. Measured differences in snow accumulation and melt among clearcut, juvenile, and mature forests in southern British Columbia. Hydrological Processes 19(1): 51-62.