Unmetabolized serum folic acid and its relation to folic acid intake from diet and supplements in a nationally representative sample of adults aged ≥60 y in the United States

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 92, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 383-389

  Bailey, Regan L ^a   Mills, James L ^b   Yetley, Elizabeth A ^a   Gahche, Jaime J ^d   Pfeiffer, Christine M ^e   Dwyer, Johanna T ^a   Dodd, Kevin W ^c   Sempos, Christopher T ^a   Betz, Joseph M ^a   Picciano, Mary Frances ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^b EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

^c NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^d NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS   (United States)

^e NATIONAL CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

5 METHYLTETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID; CYANOCOBALAMIN; FOLIC ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE; METHYLMALONIC ACID; 5-METHYLTETRAHYDROFOLATE; TETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID DERIVATIVE;

ADULT; AGED; AMINO ACID BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY INTAKE; ERYTHROCYTE; FEMALE; FOLIC ACID BLOOD LEVEL; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MALE; UNITED STATES; VITAMIN INTAKE; VITAMIN METABOLISM; BLOOD; CHEMISTRY; DIET; METABOLISM; NUTRITION;

AGED; DIET; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; ERYTHROCYTES; FEMALE; FOLIC ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE; HUMANS; MALE; METHYLMALONIC ACID; NUTRITION SURVEYS; TETRAHYDROFOLATES; UNITED STATES; VITAMIN B 12;

EID: 77955479796     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: 19383207     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29499     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Lucock M, Wild J, Smithells R, Hartley R. Biotransformation of pteroylmonoglutamic acid during absorption: implications of Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Eur J Clin Nutr 1989;43:631-5. (Pubitemid 19261095)
2. Kelly P, McPartlin J, Goggins M, Weir DG, Scott JM. Unmetabolized folic acid in serum: acute studies in subjects consuming fortified food and supplements. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:1790-5.
3. Sweeney MR, Staines A, Daly L, et al. Persistent circulating unmetabolised folic acid in a setting of liberal voluntary folic acid fortification. Implications for further mandatory fortification? BMC Public Health 2009;9:295.
4. Dietrich M, Brown CJ, Block G. The effect of folate fortification of cereal-grain products on blood folate status, dietary folate intake, and dietary folate sources among adult non-supplement users in the United States. J Am Coll Nutr 2005;24:266-74. (Pubitemid 43193852)
5. Pfeiffer CM, Johnson CL, Jain RB, et al. Trends in blood folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations in the United States, 1988 2004. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:718-27.
6. Cole BF, Baron JA, Sandler RS, et al. Folic acid for the prevention of colorectal adenomas: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2007;297:2351-9.
7. Mason JB, Dickstein A, Jacques PF, et al. A temporal association between folic acid fortification and an increase in colorectal cancer rates may be illuminating important biological principles: a hypothesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16:1325-9.
8. Figueiredo JC, Grau MV, Haile RW, et al. Folic acid and risk of prostate cancer: results from a randomized clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:432-5.
9. Hirsch S, Sanchez H, Albala C, et al. Colon cancer in Chile before and after the start of the flour fortification program with folic acid. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;21:436-9.
10. Kim YI. Will mandatory folic acid fortification prevent or promote cancer? Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1123-8.
11. Zhang SM, Cook NR, Albert CM, Gaziano JM, Buring JE, Manson JE. Effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 on cancer risk in women: a randomized trial. JAMA 2008:2012-21.
12. Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, et al. Multivitamin use, folate, and colon cancer in women in the Nurses' Health Study. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:517-24.
13. Oaks BM, Dodd KW, Meinhold CL, Jiao L, Church TR, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ. Folate intake, post-folic acid grain fortification, and pancreatic cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:449-55.
14. Rader JI, Yetley EA. Nationwide folate fortification has complex ramifications and requires careful monitoring over time. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:608-9.
15. Yetley EA, Rader JI. Modeling the level of fortification and postfortification assessments: U.S. experience. Nutr Rev 2004;62:S50-9; discussion, S60-1.
16. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998.
17. Bailey RL, Dodd KW, Gahche JJ, et al. Total folate and folic acid intake from foods and dietary supplements in the United States: 2003-2006. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:231-7.
18. Bagley PJ, Selhub J. Analysis of folate form distribution by affinity followed by reversed-phase chromatography with electrical detection. Clin Chem 2000;46:404-11.
19. National Center for Health Statistics. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Laboratory methods, 2001-2002. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/nhanes2001-2002/nhanes01-02.htm (cited 19 March 2010).
20. Afifi AA, Clark V. Computer-aided multivariate analysis. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 1996.
21. Sweeney MR, McPartlin J, Weir DG, Daly L, Scott JM. Postprandial serum folic acid response to multiple doses of folic acid in fortified bread. Br J Nutr 2006;95:145-51.
22. Kalmbach RD, Choumenkovitch SF, Troen AM, D'Agostino R, Jacques PF, Selhub J. Circulating folic acid in plasma: relation to folic acid fortification. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:763-8.
23. Troen AM, Mitchell B, Sorensen B, et al. Unmetabolized folic acid in plasma is associated with reduced natural killer cell cytotoxicity among postmenopausal women. J Nutr 2006;136:189-94. (Pubitemid 43156507)
24. Bailey SW, Ayling JE. The extremely slow and variable activity of dihydrofolate reductase in human liver and its implications for high folic acid intake. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009;106:15424-9.
25. Kalmbach RD, Choumenkovitch SF, Troen AP, Jacques PF, D'Agostino R, Selhub J. A 19-base pair deletion polymorphism in dihydrofolate reductase is associated with increased unmetabolized folic acid in plasma and decreased red blood cell folate. J Nutr 2008;138:2323-7.
26. Morris MS, Jacques PF, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J. Circulating unmetabolized folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in relation to anemia, macrocytosis, and cognitive test performance in American seniors. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1733-44.
27. Dodd KW, Guenther PM, Freedman LS, et al. Statistical methods for estimating usual intake of nutrients and foods: a review of the theory. J Am Diet Assoc 2006;106:1640-50.
28. Nelson BC, Satterfield MB, Sniegoski LT, Pfeiffer CM, Welch MJ. Simultaneous quantification of homocysteine and folate in human serum or plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2005;77:3586-93.
29. Nelson BC, Pfeiffer CM, Margolis SA, Nelson CP. Solid phase extraction-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the quantification of folate in human plasma or serum. Anal Biochem 2004;325:41-51.