Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam for the home treatment of acute seizures in pediatric patients with epilepsy

Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine

Volumn 164, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 747-753

  Holsti, Maija ^a   Dudley, Nanette ^a   Schunk, Jeff ^a   Adelgais, Kathleen ^a   Greenberg, Richard ^a   Olsen, Cody ^a   Healy, Aaron ^a   Firth, Sean ^a   Filloux, Francis ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIAZEPAM; MIDAZOLAM;

ACUTE DISEASE; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG EFFICACY; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; EPILEPSY; FEMALE; HOME CARE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; SEIZURE;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADMINISTRATION, INTRANASAL; ADMINISTRATION, RECTAL; ANTICONVULSANTS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIAZEPAM; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; EPILEPSY; FEMALE; HOME CARE SERVICES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDAZOLAM; NEBULIZERS AND VAPORIZERS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 77955371725     PISSN: 10724710     EISSN: 15383628     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.130     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Joyce SM, Brown DE, Nelson EA. Epidemiology of pediatric EMS practice: amultistate analysis. Prehosp Disaster Med. 1996;11(3):180-187.
2. Diller E, Vernon D, Dean JM, Suruda A. The epidemiology of pediatric air medical transports in Utah. Prehosp Emerg Care. 1999;3(3):217-224. (Pubitemid 29356346)
3. Abend NS, Huh JW, Helfaer MA, Dlugos DJ. Anticonvulsant medications in the pediatric emergency room and intensive care unit. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008;24(10):705-721.
4. Treiman DM. Pharmacokinetics and clinical use of benzodiazepines in the management of status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1989;30(suppl 2):S4-S10.
5. Treiman DM, Meyers PD, Walton NY, et al; Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group. A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus.1998;339(12):792-798.
6. Alldredge BK, Wall D, Ferriero DM. Effect of pre-hospital treatment on the outcome of status epilepticus in children. Pediatr Neurol. 1995;12(3):213-216.
7. Kriel RL, Cloyd JC, Hadsall RS, Carlson AM, Floren KL, Jones-Saete CM. Home use of rectal diazepam for cluster and prolonged seizures: efficacy, adverse reactions, quality of life, and cost analysis. Pediatr Neurol. 1991;7(1):13-17.
8. O'Dell C, Shinnar S, Ballaban-Gil KR, et al. Rectal diazepam gel in the home management of seizures in children. Pediatr Neurol. 2005;33(3):166-172.
9. Orr RA, Dimand RJ, Venkataraman ST, Karr VA, Kennedy KJ. Diazepam and intubation in emergency treatment of seizures in children. Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20(9):1009-1013.
10. Norris E, Marzouk O, Nunn A, McIntyre J, Choonara I. Respiratory depression in children receiving diazepam for acute seizures: a prospective study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1999;41(5):340-343.
11. Outpatient pharmacist quote of cost to patient at Primary Children's Medical Center February 8, 2010. http://www.drugstore.com:80/pharmacy/drugindex/ rxsearch.asp?search=Diastat. Accessed May 6, 2010.
12. Holsti M, Sill BL, Firth SD, Filloux FM, Joyce SM, Furnival RA. Prehospital intranasal midazolam for the treatment of pediatric seizures. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2007;23(3):148-153.
13. Lahat E, Goldman M, Barr J, Bistritzer T, Berkovitch M. Comparison of intranasal midazolam with intravenous diazepam for treating febrile seizures in children: prospective randomised study. BMJ. 2000;321(7253):83-86. (Pubitemid 30438483)
14. Kutlu NO, Yakinci C, Dogrul M, Durmaz Y. Intranasal midazolam for prolonged convulsive seizures. Brain Dev. 2000;22(6):359-361.
15. Scheepers M, Scheepers B, Clarke M, Comish S, Ibitoye M. Is intranasal midazolam an effective rescue medication in adolescents and adults with severe epilepsy? Seizure. 2000;9(6):417-422.
16. McGlone R, Smith M. Intranasal midazolam: an alternative in childhood seizures. Emerg Med J. 2001;18(3):234.
17. Rainbow J, Browne GJ, Lam LT. Controlling seizures in the prehospital setting: diazepam or midazolam. J Paediatr Child Health. 2002;38(6):582-586.
18. Lahat E, Goldman M, Barr J, Eshel G, Berkovitch M. Intranasal midazolam for childhood seizures. Lancet. 1998;352(9128):620.
19. Mahmoudian T, Zadeh MM. Comparison of intranasal midazolam with intravenous diazepam for treating acute seizure in children. Epilepsy Behav. 2004;5(2):253-255. (Pubitemid 38461216)
20. Warden CR, Frederick C. Midazolam and diazepam for pediatric seizures in the prehospital setting. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2006;10(4):463-467. (Pubitemid 44451597)
21. Fişgin T, Gurer Y, Teziç T, et al. Effects of intranasal midazolam and rectal diazepam on acute convulsions in children: prospective randomized study. J Child Neurol. 2002;17(2):123-126.
22. Bhattacharyya M, Kalra V, Gulati S. Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam in acute childhood seizures. Pediatr Neurol. 2006;34(5):355-359.
23. Jeannet PY, Roulet E, Maeder-Ingvar M, Gehri M, Jutzi A, Deonna T. Home and hospital treatment of acute seizures in children with nasal midazolam. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 1999;3(2):73-77. (Pubitemid 29193246)
24. Fişgin T, Gürer Y, Senbil N, et al. Nasal midazolam effects on childhood acute seizures. J Child Neurol. 2000;15(12):833-835.
25. Scheepers M, Scheepers B, Clough P. Midazolam via the intranasal route: an effective rescue medication for severe epilepsy in adults with a learning disability. Seizure. 1998;7(6):509-512. (Pubitemid 29015326)
26. Harbord MG, Kyrkou NE, Kyrkou MR, Kay D, Coulthard KP. Use of intranasal midazolam to treat acute seizures in paediatric community settings. J Paediatr Child Health. 2004;40(9-10):556-558.
27. McIntyre J, Robertson S, Norris E, et al. Safety and efficiacy of buccal midazolam versus rectal diazepam for emergency treatment of seizures in children: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9481):205-210.
28. Scott RC, Besag FM, Neville BG. Intranasal midazolam for treating febrile seizures in children: buccal midazolam should be preferred to nasal midazolam. BMJ. 2001;322(7278):107.
29. Scott RC, Besag FM, Neville BG. Buccal midazolam and rectal diazepam for treatment of prolonged seizures in childhood and adolescence: a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353(9153):623-626. (Pubitemid 29087982)
30. Mpimbaza A, Ndeezi G, Staedke S, Rosenthal PJ, Byarugaba J. Comparison of buccal midazolam with rectal diazepam in the treatment of prolonged seizures in Ugandan children: a randomized clinical trial. Pediatrics. 2008;121(1):e58-e64.
31. Scott RC. Buccal midazolam as rescue therapy for acute seizures. Lancet Neurol. 2005;4(10):592-593.
32. Knoester PD, Jonker DM, van der Hoeven RTM, et al. Pharmacokinectics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam administered as a concentrated intranasal spray: a study in health volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;53:501-507.
33. Mucosal Atomization Device (MAD). Wolfe Tory Medical Web site. www.wolfetory.com. Accessed December 1, 2009.
34. Hollander M, Wolfe DA. The Two Sample Location Problem: 4.3 A Distribution-Free Confidence Interval Based on Wilcoxon's Rank Sum Test (Moses). Hollander M, Wolfe DA. Nonparametric Statistical Methods. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 1999:132-135.
35. Han L. SouthEast SAS Users Group. Calculating the point estimate and confidence interval of Hodges-Lehmann's median using SAS® software: SESUG 2008: The Proceedings of the SouthEast SAS Users Group, St Pete Beach, FL, 2008. http://analytics.ncsu.edu/sesug/2008/ST-154.pdf. Accessed April 8, 2009.
36. Rey E, Tréluyer JM, Pons G. Pharmacokinetic optimization of benzodiazepine therapy for acute seizures. Focus on delivery routes. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999;36(6):409-424.
37. Ahmad S, Ellis JC, Kamwendo H, Molyneux E. Efficacy and safety of intranasal lorazepam versus intramuscular paraldehyde for protracted convulsions in children: an open randomised trial. Lancet. 2006;367(9522):1591-1597. (Pubitemid 43674223)
38. Goyal M, Wiznitzer M. Emergency management of seizures in children. Lancet. 2006;367(9522):1555-1556.
39. Wallace SJ. Nasal benzodiazepines for management of acute childhood seizures? Lancet. 1997;349(9047):222.
40. Chamberlain JM, Altieri MA, Futterman C, Young GM, Ochsenschlager DW, Waisman Y. A prospective, randomized study comparing intramuscular midazolam wit intravenous diazepam for the treatment of seizures in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1997;13(2):92-94.
41. Lahat E. A prospective, randomized study comparing intramuscular midazolam with intravenous diazepam for the treatment of seizures in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1997;13(6):449.