메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 338-362

The power of stereotypes: Anchoring images through language in live sports broadcasts

Author keywords

Commentary; Discourse; France; New Zealand; Rugby union; Stereotypes; Television

Indexed keywords


EID: 77955159610     PISSN: 0261927X     EISSN: 15526526     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0261927X10368836     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (105)
  • 4
    • 0003202294 scopus 로고
    • Rhetoric of the image (S. Heath, Trans.)
    • In S. Heath (Ed.), London, UK: Fontana
    • Barthes, R. (1977). Rhetoric of the image (S. Heath, Trans.). In S. Heath (Ed.), Image-music-text (pp. 32-51). London, UK: Fontana.
    • (1977) Image-Music-Text , pp. 32-51
    • Barthes, R.1
  • 5
    • 44349122446 scopus 로고
    • Screen play and real-play: Manufacturing sport on television
    • Bassett, G. (1984). Screen play and real-play: Manufacturing sport on television. Sites, 9, 5-31.
    • (1984) Sites , vol.9 , pp. 5-31
    • Bassett, G.1
  • 11
    • 0002155345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Audience frustration and pleasure: Women viewers confront televised women's basketball
    • Bruce, T. (1998). Audience frustration and pleasure: Women viewers confront televised women's basketball. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 22, 373-397.
    • (1998) Journal of Sport and Social Issues , vol.22 , pp. 373-397
    • Bruce, T.1
  • 12
    • 10044256505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marking the boundaries of the normal in televised sport: The play-by-play of race
    • Bruce, T. (2004). Marking the boundaries of the normal in televised sport: The play-by-play of race. Media, Culture and Society, 26, 861-879.
    • (2004) Media, Culture and Society , vol.26 , pp. 861-879
    • Bruce, T.1
  • 13
    • 77955135229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Play-by-play announcing
    • In D. Levinson & K. Christensen (Eds.), (Vol. 3, Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire Publishing
    • Bruce, T. (2005). Play-by-play announcing. In D. Levinson & K. Christensen (Eds.), Berkshire encyclopedia of world sport (Vol. 3, pp. 1188-1193). Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire Publishing.
    • (2005) Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport , pp. 1188-1193
    • Bruce, T.1
  • 16
    • 10244260218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence and the enjoyment of media sports
    • In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), London, UK: Routledge
    • Bryant, J., Zillmann, D., & Raney, A.A. (1998). Violence and the enjoyment of media sports. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), MediaSport (pp. 252-265). London, UK: Routledge.
    • (1998) MediaSport , pp. 252-265
    • Bryant, J.1    Zillmann, D.2    Raney, A.A.3
  • 21
    • 33750632234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Privileging identity, difference, and power: The circuit of culture as a basis for public relations theory
    • Curtin, P.A., & Gaither, T.K. (2005). Privileging identity, difference, and power: The circuit of culture as a basis for public relations theory. Public Relations Review, 17, 91-115.
    • (2005) Public Relations Review , vol.17 , pp. 91-115
    • Curtin, P.A.1    Gaither, T.K.2
  • 22
    • 77955132981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sport, the media and New Zealand
    • In B. Patterson (Ed.), Wellington, New Zealand: Stout Research Centre
    • Day, P. (1999). Sport, the media and New Zealand. In B. Patterson (Ed.), Sport, society and culture in New Zealand (pp. 93-102). Wellington, New Zealand: Stout Research Centre.
    • (1999) Sport, Society and Culture in New Zealand , pp. 93-102
    • Day, P.1
  • 23
    • 44349114964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blurring the boundaries of sports public relations: National stereotypes as sport announcers' public relations tool
    • Desmarais, F., & Bruce, T. (2008). Blurring the boundaries of sports public relations: National stereotypes as sport announcers' public relations tool. Public Relations Review, 34, 183-191.
    • (2008) Public Relations Review , vol.34 , pp. 183-191
    • Desmarais, F.1    Bruce, T.2
  • 24
    • 77955168986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The power of the local in sports broadcasting: A cross-cultural analysis of rugby commentary
    • Desmarais, F., & Bruce, T. (2009). The power of the local in sports broadcasting: A cross-cultural analysis of rugby commentary. International Journal of Sport Communication, 2, 129-145.
    • (2009) International Journal of Sport Communication , vol.2 , pp. 129-145
    • Desmarais, F.1    Bruce, T.2
  • 27
    • 85055310751 scopus 로고
    • Liberal and radical sources of female empowerment in sport media
    • Duncan, M.C., & Brummett, B. (1993). Liberal and radical sources of female empowerment in sport media. Sociology of Sport Journal, 10, 57-72.
    • (1993) Sociology of Sport Journal , vol.10 , pp. 57-72
    • Duncan, M.C.1    Brummett, B.2
  • 31
    • 84926270946 scopus 로고
    • Sports announcer talk: Syntactic aspects of register variation
    • Ferguson, C.A. (1983). Sports announcer talk: Syntactic aspects of register variation. Language in Society, 12, 153-172.
    • (1983) Language in Society , vol.12 , pp. 153-172
    • Ferguson, C.A.1
  • 32
    • 0010954405 scopus 로고
    • Qualitative content analysis of television news: Systematic techniques
    • Fields, E.E. (1988). Qualitative content analysis of television news: Systematic techniques. Qualitative Sociology, 11, 183-193.
    • (1988) Qualitative Sociology , vol.11 , pp. 183-193
    • Fields, E.E.1
  • 36
    • 85083259097 scopus 로고
    • Moments of television: Neither the text nor the audience
    • In E. Seiter, H. Borchers, G. Kreutzner, & E.-M. Warth (Eds.), New York, NY: Routledge
    • Fiske, J. (1989). Moments of television: Neither the text nor the audience. In E. Seiter, H. Borchers, G. Kreutzner, & E.-M. Warth (Eds.), Remote control: Television, audiences and cultural power (pp. 56-78). New York, NY: Routledge.
    • (1989) Remote Control: Television, Audiences and Cultural Power , pp. 56-78
    • Fiske, J.1
  • 37
    • 17144454435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How threat from stereotype disconfirmation triggers self-defense
    • Förster, J., Higgins, E.T., & Werth, L. (2004). How threat from stereotype disconfirmation triggers self-defense. Social Cognition, 22, 54-74.
    • (2004) Social Cognition , vol.22 , pp. 54-74
    • Förster, J.1    Higgins, E.T.2    Werth, L.3
  • 39
    • 58149205679 scopus 로고
    • The trouble of thinking: Activation and application of stereotypic beliefs
    • Gilbert, D.T., & Hixon, J.G. (1981). The trouble of thinking: Activation and application of stereotypic beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 509-517.
    • (1981) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 509-517
    • Gilbert, D.T.1    Hixon, J.G.2
  • 40
    • 0001124942 scopus 로고
    • Speech accommodation theory: The first decade and beyond
    • In M. McLaughlin (Ed.), (Vol. 10, Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Giles, H., Mulac, A., Bradac, J., & Johnson, P. (1987). Speech accommodation theory: The first decade and beyond. In M. McLaughlin (Ed.), Communication yearbook (Vol. 10, pp. 13-48). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1987) Communication Yearbook , pp. 13-48
    • Giles, H.1    Mulac, A.2    Bradac, J.3    Johnson, P.4
  • 41
    • 77955159093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenpeace, (n.d.)
    • Greenpeace. (n.d.). The bombing of the Rainbow Warrior. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/history/the-bombing-of-the-rainbow-war.
    • The Bombing of the Rainbow Warrior
  • 42
    • 0001481258 scopus 로고
    • Making spectacle: A case study in television sports production
    • In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Gruneau, R. (1989). Making spectacle: A case study in television sports production. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), MediaSport (pp. 134-154). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1989) MediaSport , pp. 134-154
    • Gruneau, R.1
  • 43
    • 0002137923 scopus 로고
    • Encoding/decoding
    • In S. Hall, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, & P. Willis (Eds.), London, UK: Hutchinson
    • Hall, S. (1980). Encoding/decoding. In S. Hall, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, & P. Willis (Eds.), Culture, media, language (pp. 128-138). London, UK: Hutchinson.
    • (1980) Culture, Media, Language , pp. 128-138
    • Hall, S.1
  • 44
    • 0041144487 scopus 로고
    • The narrative construction of reality
    • Hall, S. (1984). The narrative construction of reality. Southern Review, 17, 3-17.
    • (1984) Southern Review , vol.17 , pp. 3-17
    • Hall, S.1
  • 48
    • 57749141662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structuration of racialized sport organizing
    • Halone, K.K. (2008). The structuration of racialized sport organizing. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 32, 22-42.
    • (2008) Journal of Communication Inquiry , vol.32 , pp. 22-42
    • Halone, K.K.1
  • 49
    • 77955159092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structuration of sport broadcast commentary: III. Examining the intergroup system and temporal structure of gendered athletic performance
    • (May). Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, New Orleans, LA. Retrieved from
    • Halone, K.K., & Billings, A.C. (2004, May). The structuration of sport broadcast commentary: III. Examining the intergroup system and temporal structure of gendered athletic performance. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, New Orleans, LA. Retrieved fromhttp://www.allacademic.com/meta/p113345_index.html.
    • (2004)
    • Halone, K.K.1    Billings, A.C.2
  • 51
    • 0033447207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narrating the game: Achieving and coordinating partisanship in real time
    • Hansen, A.D. (1999). Narrating the game: Achieving and coordinating partisanship in real time. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 32, 269-302.
    • (1999) Research on Language and Social Interaction , vol.32 , pp. 269-302
    • Hansen, A.D.1
  • 52
    • 0034144888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SHARP! Lurking incoherence in a television portrayal of an older adult
    • Harwood, J. (2000). SHARP! Lurking incoherence in a television portrayal of an older adult. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 19, 110-140.
    • (2000) Journal of Language and Social Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 110-140
    • Harwood, J.1
  • 53
    • 0343347380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin
    • Hoberman, J. (1997). Darwin's athletes. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
    • (1997) Darwin's Athletes
    • Hoberman, J.1
  • 54
    • 0036339172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whose All Blacks? Media
    • Hope, W. (2002). Whose All Blacks? Media, Culture & Society, 24, 235-253.
    • (2002) Culture & Society , vol.24 , pp. 235-253
    • Hope, W.1
  • 57
    • 0002085260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-fulfilling prophecies and the maintenance of social stereotypes: The role of dyadic interactions and social forces
    • In C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), New York, NY: Guilford
    • Jussim, L., & Fleming, C. (1996). Self-fulfilling prophecies and the maintenance of social stereotypes: The role of dyadic interactions and social forces. In C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Stereotypes and stereotyping (pp. 161-192). New York, NY: Guilford.
    • (1996) Stereotypes and Stereotyping , pp. 161-192
    • Jussim, L.1    Fleming, C.2
  • 62
    • 21344475480 scopus 로고
    • Foreign branding and its effects on product perceptions and attitudes
    • Leclerc, F., Schmitt, B.H., & Dubé, L. (1994). Foreign branding and its effects on product perceptions and attitudes. Journal of Marketing Research, 31, 263-270.
    • (1994) Journal of Marketing Research , vol.31 , pp. 263-270
    • Leclerc, F.1    Schmitt, B.H.2    Dubé, L.3
  • 64
    • 85070011839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sports star in the media: The gendered construction and youthful consumption of sports personalities
    • In J. Sugden & A. Tomlinson (Eds.), London, UK: Routledge
    • Lines, G. (2002). The sports star in the media: The gendered construction and youthful consumption of sports personalities. In J. Sugden & A. Tomlinson (Eds.), Power games: A critical sociology of sport (pp. 196-215). London, UK: Routledge.
    • (2002) Power Games: A Critical Sociology of Sport , pp. 196-215
    • Lines, G.1
  • 65
    • 0002136803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language and stereotyping
    • In C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), New York, NY: Guilford
    • Maas, A., & Arcuri, L. (1996). Language and stereotyping. In C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Stereotypes and stereotyping (pp. 193-226). New York, NY: Guilford.
    • (1996) Stereotypes and Stereotyping , pp. 193-226
    • Maas, A.1    Arcuri, L.2
  • 66
    • 0004134498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrae, C. N., Stangor, C., & Hewstone, M. (Eds.), New York, NY: Guilford
    • Macrae, C. N., Stangor, C., & Hewstone, M. (Eds.). (1996). Stereotypes and stereotyping. New York, NY: Guilford.
    • (1996) Stereotypes and Stereotyping
  • 67
    • 77955159604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (November 3), The Christchurch Press
    • Main, V. (1999, November 3). French press celebrate victory. The Christchurch Press, p. 32.
    • (1999) French Press Celebrate Victory , pp. 32
    • Main, V.1
  • 68
    • 77955160302 scopus 로고
    • Bitter chocolate: Gender equity and prime time magazine sport on New Zealand television
    • (Film, Television, Radio, Multimedia)
    • McGregor, J., & Melville, P. (1995). Bitter chocolate: gender equity and prime time magazine sport on New Zealand television. Metro (Film, Television, Radio, Multimedia), 102, 30-36.
    • (1995) Metro , vol.102 , pp. 30-36
    • McGregor, J.1    Melville, P.2
  • 69
    • 77954019304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making masculinity and framing femininity: FIFA, soccer and World Cup websites
    • In H. L. Hundley & A. C. Billings (Eds.), Los Angeles, CA: Sage
    • Meân, L.J. (2010). Making masculinity and framing femininity: FIFA, soccer and World Cup websites. In H. L. Hundley & A. C. Billings (Eds.), Examining identity in sports media (pp. 65-86). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
    • (2010) Examining Identity in Sports Media , pp. 65-86
    • Meân, L.J.1
  • 70
    • 85083234464 scopus 로고
    • Changing paradigms in audience studies
    • In E. Seiter, H. Borchers, G. Kreutzner, & E-M. Warth (Eds.), New York, NY: Routledge
    • Morley, D. (1989). Changing paradigms in audience studies. In E. Seiter, H. Borchers, G. Kreutzner, & E-M. Warth (Eds.), Remote control: Television, audiences and cultural power (pp. 16-43). New York, NY: Routledge.
    • (1989) Remote Control: Television, Audiences and Cultural Power , pp. 16-43
    • Morley, D.1
  • 71
    • 84979103683 scopus 로고
    • Sports spectacle as drama: Image, language and technology
    • Morris, B.S., & Nydahl, J. (1985). Sports spectacle as drama: Image, language and technology. Journal of Popular Culture, 18, 101-110.
    • (1985) Journal of Popular Culture , vol.18 , pp. 101-110
    • Morris, B.S.1    Nydahl, J.2
  • 72
    • 84937379988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The work of cultural intermediaries and the enduring distance between production and consumption
    • Negus, K. (2002). The work of cultural intermediaries and the enduring distance between production and consumption. Cultural Studies, 16, 501-515.
    • (2002) Cultural Studies , vol.16 , pp. 501-515
    • Negus, K.1
  • 73
    • 84965889079 scopus 로고
    • Mapping the mythical: A geopolitics of national sporting stereotypes
    • O'Donnell, H. (1994). Mapping the mythical: A geopolitics of national sporting stereotypes. Discourse & Society, 5, 345-380.
    • (1994) Discourse & Society , vol.5 , pp. 345-380
    • O'Donnell, H.1
  • 74
    • 27544516009 scopus 로고
    • (Chosen by D. Maldidier from text by M. Pêcheux), Paris, France: Edition des Cendres
    • Pêcheux, M. (1990). L'inquiétude du discours [Anxiety of speech]. Paris, France: Edition des Cendres. (Chosen by D. Maldidier from text by M. Pêcheux).
    • (1990) L'inquiétude Du Discours [Anxiety of Speech]
    • Pêcheux, M.1
  • 78
    • 33846871048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediated patriot games: The construction and representation of national identities in the British television production of Euro '96
    • Poulton, E. (2004). Mediated patriot games: The construction and representation of national identities in the British television production of Euro '96. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 39, 437-455.
    • (2004) International Review for the Sociology of Sport , vol.39 , pp. 437-455
    • Poulton, E.1
  • 79
    • 11544327649 scopus 로고
    • Male-gazing: Australian rules, football, gender and television
    • In M. E. Brown (Ed.), Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Poynton, B., & Hartley, J. (1990). Male-gazing: Australian rules, football, gender and television. In M. E. Brown (Ed.), Television and women's culture (pp. 144-157). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1990) Television and Women's Culture , pp. 144-157
    • Poynton, B.1    Hartley, J.2
  • 81
    • 84937276937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Color blind-sided: Racial bias in network television's coverage of professional football games
    • Rada, J.A. (1996). Color blind-sided: Racial bias in network television's coverage of professional football games. The Howard Journal of Communications, 7, 231-240.
    • (1996) The Howard Journal of Communications , vol.7 , pp. 231-240
    • Rada, J.A.1
  • 83
    • 0034415633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New writing practices in qualitative research
    • Richardson, L. (2000). New writing practices in qualitative research. Sociology of Sport Journal, 17, 5-20.
    • (2000) Sociology of Sport Journal , vol.17 , pp. 5-20
    • Richardson, L.1
  • 84
  • 86
    • 0003881591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (2nd ed.), Buckingham, PA: Open University Press
    • Rowe, D. (2004). Sport, culture and the media (2nd ed.). Buckingham, PA: Open University Press.
    • (2004) Sport, Culture and the Media
    • Rowe, D.1
  • 88
    • 34247139397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sports advertising, cultural production and corporate nationalism at the global-local nexus: Branding the New Zealand All Blacks
    • Scherer, J., & Jackson, S.J. (2007). Sports advertising, cultural production and corporate nationalism at the global-local nexus: Branding the New Zealand All Blacks. Sport in Society, 10, 268-284.
    • (2007) Sport in Society , vol.10 , pp. 268-284
    • Scherer, J.1    Jackson, S.J.2
  • 89
    • 0002537741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern stereotype research: Unfinished business
    • In C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), New York, NY: Guilford
    • Schneider, D.J. (1996). Modern stereotype research: Unfinished business. In C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Stereotypes and stereotyping (pp. 419-453). New York, NY: Guilford.
    • (1996) Stereotypes and Stereotyping , pp. 419-453
    • Schneider, D.J.1
  • 90
    • 0000523497 scopus 로고
    • The cognitive functions of linguistic categories in describing persons: Social cognitions and language
    • Semin, G.R., & Fiedler, K. (1988). The cognitive functions of linguistic categories in describing persons: Social cognitions and language. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 558-568.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 558-568
    • Semin, G.R.1    Fiedler, K.2
  • 92
    • 0003051199 scopus 로고
    • On the self-perpetuating nature of social stereotypes
    • In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • Snyder, M. (1981). On the self-perpetuating nature of social stereotypes. In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behavior (pp. 183-212). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (1981) Cognitive Processes in Stereotyping and Intergroup Behavior , pp. 183-212
    • Snyder, M.1
  • 93
    • 0002000321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes as individual and collective representations
    • In C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), New York, NY: Guilford
    • Stangor, C., & Schaller, M. (1996). Stereotypes as individual and collective representations. In C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Stereotypes and stereotyping (pp. 3-37). New York, NY: Guilford.
    • (1996) Stereotypes and Stereotyping , pp. 3-37
    • Stangor, C.1    Schaller, M.2
  • 94
    • 7044243415 scopus 로고
    • Undying love, resisting pleasures: Women watch telerugby
    • In P. Bunkle, K. Irwin, A. Laurie, & S. Middleton (Eds.), Auckland, New Zealand: Oxford University Press
    • Star, L. (1992). Undying love, resisting pleasures: Women watch telerugby. In P. Bunkle, K. Irwin, A. Laurie, & S. Middleton (Eds.), Feminist voices: Women's studies texts for Aotearoa/New Zealand (pp. 124-140). Auckland, New Zealand: Oxford University Press.
    • (1992) Feminist Voices: Women's Studies Texts for Aotearoa/New Zealand , pp. 124-140
    • Star, L.1
  • 95
    • 84963255340 scopus 로고
    • Commentary and viewer perception of player hostility: Adding punch to televised sport
    • Sullivan, D.B. (1991). Commentary and viewer perception of player hostility: Adding punch to televised sport. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 35, 487-504.
    • (1991) Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media , vol.35 , pp. 487-504
    • Sullivan, D.B.1
  • 97
    • 0003071236 scopus 로고
    • Social stereotypes and social groups
    • In J. C. Turner & H. Giles (Eds.), Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
    • Tajfel, H. (1981). Social stereotypes and social groups. In J. C. Turner & H. Giles (Eds.), Intergroup behavior (pp. 144-167). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1981) Intergroup Behavior , pp. 144-167
    • Tajfel, H.1
  • 98
    • 10044273336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media texts and messages
    • In S. Cunningham & G. Turner (Eds.), (2nd ed., St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin
    • Turner, G. (1997). Media texts and messages. In S. Cunningham & G. Turner (Eds.), The media in Australia: Industries, texts, audiences (2nd ed., pp. 293-347). St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin.
    • (1997) The Media in Australia: Industries, Texts, Audiences , pp. 293-347
    • Turner, G.1
  • 101
    • 84985084397 scopus 로고
    • Hitting paydirt: Capacity theory and sports announcers' use of clichés
    • Wanta, W., & Leggett, D. (1988). Hitting paydirt: Capacity theory and sports announcers' use of clichés, Journal of Communication, 38, 82-89.
    • (1988) Journal of Communication , vol.38 , pp. 82-89
    • Wanta, W.1    Leggett, D.2
  • 103
    • 0039225849 scopus 로고
    • The audience experience with sports on television
    • In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Wenner, L.A., & Gantz, W. (1989). The audience experience with sports on television. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), Media, sports, & society (pp. 241-270). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1989) Media, Sports, & Society , pp. 241-270
    • Wenner, L.A.1    Gantz, W.2
  • 105
    • 0037564644 scopus 로고
    • The enjoyment of watching sport contests
    • In J. H. Goldstein (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • Zillmann, D., Bryant, J., & Sapolsky, B.S. (1979). The enjoyment of watching sport contests. In J. H. Goldstein (Ed.), Sport, games, and play (pp. 297-335). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (1979) Sport, Games, and Play , pp. 297-335
    • Zillmann, D.1    Bryant, J.2    Sapolsky, B.S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.