Young elite athletes and social support: Coping with competitive and organizational stress in "Olympic" competition

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 686-695

  Kristiansen, Elsa ^a   Roberts, G C ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN SCHOOL OF SPORT SCIENCES   (Norway)

Author keywords

Adolescent elite athletes; Competitive and organizational stress; Coping; Social support

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HISTORY; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MALE; NORWAY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SPORT; PSYCHOLOGY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPETITION; CONTENT ANALYSIS; COPING BEHAVIOR; EUROPEAN; HEAT; HOUSING; JUDO; OPEN ENDED QUESTIONNAIRE; STRESS; SWIMMING; TRACK AND FIELD;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; ANNIVERSARIES AND SPECIAL EVENTS; ATHLETES; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; MALE; NORWAY; QUESTIONNAIRES; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SPORTS;

EID: 77955147662     PISSN: 09057188     EISSN: 16000838     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00950.x     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Ames C, Archer J. Achievement goals in the classroom: students' learning strategies and motivation processes. J Educ Psychol 1988, 80:260-267.
2. Anshel MH, Delany J. Sources of acute stress, cognitive appraisals, and coping strategies of male and female child athletes. J Sport Behav 2001, 24:329-353.
3. Bebetsos E, Antoniou P. Psychological skills of Greek badminton athletes. Percept Mot Skills 2003, 97:1289-1296.
4. Crocker PRE, Hoar S, McDonough MH, Kowalski KC, Niefer CB. Emotional experience in youth sport. Developmental sport and exercise psychology: a life span perspective 2004, 197-222. Weiss MR, ed, Morgantown, WV, Fitness information Technology
5. Crocker PRE, Kowalski KC, Graham TR. Measurement of coping strategies in sport. Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement 1998, 149-161. Duda JL, ed, Morgantown, WV, Fitness Information Technology
6. Cutrona CE, Russell DW. Type of social support and specific stress: toward a theory of optimal matching. Social support: an interactional view 1990, 319-366. Sarason BR, Sarason IGPierce GR. eds, New York, Wiley
7. Dugdale JR, Eklund RC, Gordon S. Expected and unexpected stressors in major international competition: appraisal, coping, and performance. Sport Psychol 2002, 16:20-33.
8. Durand-Bush N, Salmela JH. The development and maintenance of expert athletic performance: perceptions of World and Olympic Champions. J Appl Sport Psychol 2002, 14:154-171.
9. Fletcher D, Hanton S, Mellalieu SD. An organizational stress review: conceptual and theoretical issues in competitive sport. Literature reviews in sport psychology 2006, 321-373. Hanton S, Mellalieu SD, eds, New York, Nova Science
10. Gernigon C, d'Arripe-Longueville F, Delignières D, Ninot G. A dynamical systems perspective on goal involvement states in sport. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2004, 26:572-596.
11. Giacobbi PR, Lynn TK, Wetherington JM, Jenkins J, Bodendorf M, Langley B. Stress and coping during the transition to University for first-year female athletes. Sport Psychol 2004, 18:1-20.
12. Gould D, Finch LM, Jackson SA. Coping strategies used by national champion figure skaters. Res Q Exerc Sport 1993, 64:453-468.
13. Gould D, Guinan D, Greenleaf C, Medbery R, Peterson K. Factors affecting Olympic performance: perceptions of athletes and coaches from more and less successful teams. Sport Psychol 1999, 13:371-394.
14. Goyen MJ, Anshel MH. Sources of acute competitive stress and use of coping strategies as function of age and gender. J Appl Dev Psychol 1998, 19:469-486.
15. Greenleaf C, Gould D, Dieffenbach K. Factors influencing Olympic performance: interviews with Atlanta and Nagano Olympians. J Appl Sport Psychol 2001, 13:154-184.
16. Hanton S, Flecther D, Coughlan G. Stress in elite sport performers: a comparative study of competitive and organizational stressors. J Sport Sci 2005, 23:1119-1141.
17. Holt NL, Dunn JGH. Longitudinal idiographic analyses of appraisal and coping responses in sport. Psychol Sport Exerc 2004, 5:213-222.
18. Holt NL, Hoar S, Fraser SN. How does coping change with development? A review of childhood and adolescence sport coping research. Eur J Sport Sci 2005, 5:25-39.
19. Holt NL, Hogg JM. Perceptions of stress and coping during preparations for the 1999 women's soccer World Cup Finals. Sport Psychol 2002, 16:251-271.
20. Holt NL, Morris D. Gender differences in psychosocial factors associated with athletic success during childhood. Sport Psychol 2004, 18:138-153.
21. Jones G. Performance excellence: a personal perspective on the link between sport and business. J Appl Sport Psychol 2002, 14:268-281.
22. Jowett S, Cockrill IM. Olympic medallists' perspective of the athlete-coach relationship. Psychol Sport Exerc 2003, 4:313-331.
23. Kondracki NL, Wellman NS, Amundson D. Content analysis: review of methods and their application in nutrition education. J Nut Educ Behav 2002, 34:224-230.
24. Kopala M, Suzuki LA. Using qualitative methods in psychology 1999, Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage
25. Kristiansen E, Roberts GC, Abrahamsen FE. Achievement involvement and stress coping in elite sport. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2008, 18:526-538.
26. Kvale S. Interviews [Det kvalitative forskningsintervjuet] 1997, Oslo, Ad Notam Gyldendal
27. Lazarus RS. Progress on a cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion. Am Psychol 1991, 46:819-834.
28. Lazarus RS. Stress and emotion: a new synthesis 1999, New York, Springer
29. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal and coping 1984, New York, Springer
30. Nicholls AR. A longitudinal phenomenological analysis of coping effectiveness among Scottish international adolescent golfers. Eur J Sport Sci 2007, 7:169-178.
31. Nicholls AR, Holt NL, Polman RCJ, James DW. Stress and coping among international adolescents golfers. J Appl Sport Psychol 2005, 17:333-340.
32. Nicholls AR, Polman RCJ. Coping in sport: a systematic review. J Sport Sci 2007, 25:11-31.
33. Nicholls JG. The competitive ethos and democratic education 1989, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press
34. Orlick T, Partington J. Mental links to excellence. Sport Psychol 1988, 2:105-130.
35. Patton MQ. Qualitative research and evaluation methods 2002, 3rd edn, London, Sage Publications
36. Pensgaard AM, Roberts GC. Elite athletes' perception of the motivational climate: the coach matters. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2002, 12:54-59.
37. Petrie TA, Stoever S. Academic and non-academic predictors of female student athletes' academic performances. J Coll Stud Dev 1997, 38:599-608.
38. Rees T. Influence of social support on athletes. Social psychology in sport 2007, 223-230. Jowett SLavalle D. eds, Champaign. IL, Human Kinetics
39. Rees T, Hardy L. Matching social support with stressors. Effects on factors underlying performance in tennis. Psychol Sport Exerc 2004, 5:319-337.
40. Rees T, Hardy L, Freeman P. Stressors, social support, and effects upon performance in golf. J Sport Sci 2007, 25:33-42.
41. Roberts GC. The perception of stress: a potential source and its development. Sports for children and youths 1986, 119-126. Weiss MRGould DR. eds, Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics
42. Roberts GC, Treasure DC. Children in sport. Sport Science Review 1992, 1((2)):46-64.
43. Roberts GC, Treasure DC, Conroy DE. Understanding the dynamics of motivation in sport and physical activity: an achievement goal interpretation. Handbook of sport psychology 2007, 3-30. Tenenbaum G, Eklund RE, eds, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons
44. Rosenfeld LB, Richman JM. Developing effective social support: team building and the social support process. J Appl Sport Psychol 1997, 9:133-153.
45. Sarason BR, Sarason IG, Pierce GR. Social support: an interactional view 1990, New York, Wiley
46. Schaefer C, Coyne JC, Lazarus RS. The health related functions of social support. J Behav Med 1982, 4:381-406.
47. Smith NC, Jones B, Roach NK. Competitive stress and coping in young sport performers. Sports medicine for specific ages and abilities 2001, 109-117. Maffulli N, Chan N, Macdonald RMalina RMParker AW. eds, Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone
48. Strauss A, Corbin J. Basics of qualitative research: grounded theory procedures and techniques 1998, Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage
49. Thatcher J, Day MC. Re-appraising stress appraisals: the underlying properties of stress in sport. Psychol Sport Exerc 2008, 9:318-335.
50. Vernacchi RA, McGuire RT, Reardon JP, Templin DP. Psychosocial characteristics of Olympic track and field athletes. Int J Sport Psychol 2000, 31:5-23.
51. Weiss MR, Friedrichs WD. The influence of leader behaviors, coach attributes, and institutional variables on performance and satisfaction of collegiate basketball teams. J Sport Psychol 1986, 8:332-346.
52. Woodman T, Hardy L. A case study of organizational stress in elite sport. J Appl Sport Psychol 2001, 13:207-238.