Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of panic disorder: A systematic review of placebo-controlled studies

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

Volumn 10, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 1285-1293

  Mochcovitch, Marina Dyskant ^a   Nardi, Antonio Egidio ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

citalopram; escitalopram; fluoxetine; fluvoxamine; panic disorder; paroxetine; placebo; sertraline

Indexed keywords

CITALOPRAM; CLOMIPRAMINE; ESCITALOPRAM; FLUOXETINE; FLUVOXAMINE; IMIPRAMINE; PAROXETINE; PLACEBO; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SERTRALINE; VENLAFAXINE;

ABSENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS; AGITATION; ANXIETY; ANXIETY DISORDER; CLINICAL TRIAL; DEPRESSION; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EMOTIONAL DISORDER; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HUMAN; PANIC; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW; SEROTONINERGIC SYSTEM; SIDE EFFECT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TRANQUILIZING ACTIVITY;

CITALOPRAM; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; FLUOXETINE; FLUVOXAMINE; HUMANS; PANIC DISORDER; PAROXETINE; PLACEBO EFFECT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS; SERTRALINE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 77955084373     PISSN: 14737175     EISSN: 17448360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/ern.10.110     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. American Psychiatric Association. Practice Guideline for Treatment of Patients With Panic Disorder (Second Edition). American Psychiatric Publishing Inc., VA, USA (2009).
2. Kasper S, Resinger E. Panic disorder: the place of benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Eur. Neuropsichopharmacol. 11, 307-321 (2001).
3. Garakani H, Zitrin CM, Klein DF. Treatment of panic disorder with imipramine alone. Am. J. Psychiatry 141(3), 446-448 (1984).
4. Mavissakalian M, Perel JM, Michelson L. The relationship of plasma imipramine and N-desmethylimipramine to improvement in agoraphobia. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 4(1), 36-40 (1984). (Pubitemid 14157577)
5. Zitrin CM. Differential treatment of phobias: use of imipramine for panic attacks. J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry 14(1), 11-18 (1983).
6. Cassano GB, Petracca A, Perugi G et al. Clomipraminee for panic disorder: I. The frst 10 weeks of a long-term comparison with imipramine. J. Affect. Disord. 14(2), 123-127 (1988).
7. Lydiard RB, Morton WA, Emmanuel NP et al. Preliminary report: placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the clinical and metabolic effects of desipramine in panic disorder. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 29(2), 183-188 (1993).
8. Nardi AE, Nascimento I, Valença AM et al. Respiratory panic disorder subtype: acute and long-term response to nortriptyline, a noradrenergic tricyclic antidepressant. Psychiatry Res. 120(3), 283-293 (2003)
9. The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry (5th Edition). Hales RH, Yudofsky SC, Gabbard GN (Eds). American Psychiatric Publishing Inc., VA, USA (2008).
10. Zohar J, Westenberg HG. Anxiety disorders: a review of tricyclics antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Acta Psychiatry Scand. Supl. 403, 39-49 (2000).
11. Coplan JD, Pine DS, Papp LA, Gorman JM. An algorithm-oriented treatment approach for panic disorder. Psychiatr. Ann. 26, 192-201 (1996).
12. Pollack MH, Smoller JW. Pharmacologic approaches to treatment-resistant panic disorder. In: Challenges in Clinical Practice: Pharmacologic and Psychosocial Strategies. Pollack MH, Otto MW, Rosenbaum JF (Eds). Guilford Press, NY, USA, 89-112 (1996).
13. Stahl SM. Mechanism of action of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors: serotonin receptors and pathways mediate therapeutic effects and side effects. J. Affect. Disord. 51, 215-235 (1998).
14. Maron E, Shlik J. Serotonin function in panic disorder: important, but why? Neuropsychopharmacology 31, 1-11 (2006).
15. 2C/2B receptor function. Neuropharmacology 33(12), 1581-1588 (1994).
16. 2C receptor-mediated hypolocomotion in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 78(4), 683-689 (2004).
17. Goddard AW, Sholomskas DE, Walton KE et al. Effects of tryptophan depletion in panic disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 36, 775-777 (1994).
18. Kent JM, Coplan JD, Martinez J, Karmally W, Papp LA, Gorman JM. Ventilatory effects of tryptophan depletion in panic disorder: a preliminary report. Psychiatry Res. 64, 83-90 (1996).
19. Gorman JM, Kent JM, Sullivan GM, Coplan JM. Neuroanatomical hypothesis of panic disorder, revised. Am J. Psychiatry 157(4), 493-505 (2000).
20. Maron E, Kuikka JT, Shlik J, Vasar V, Vanninen E, Tiihonen J. Reduced brain serotonin transporter binding in patients with panic disorder. Psychiatry Res. 132, 173-181 (2004). (Pubitemid 39643014)
21. Inoue T, Li XB, Abekawa T et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor reduces conditioned fear through its effect in the amygdale. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 497, 311-316 (2004).
22. Michelson D, Lydiard RB, Pollack MH et al. Outcome assessment and clinical improvement in panic disorder: evidence from a randomized controlled trial of fuoxetine and placebo. Am J. Psychiatry 155, 1570-1577 (1998).
23. Londborg PD, Wolkow R, Smith WT et al. Sertraline in the treatment of panic disorder: a multi-site, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fxed-dose investigation. Br. J. Psychiatry 173(7), 54-60 (1998).
24. Pollack, MH, Otto MW, Worthington JJ, Manfro GG, Wolkow R. Sertraline in the treatment of panic disorder: a fexible-dose multicenter trial. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 55, 1010-1016 (1998). (Pubitemid 28506843)
25. Pohl RB, Wolkow RM, Clary CM. Sertraline in the treatment of panic disorder: a double-blind multicenter trial. Am J. Psychiatry 155, 1189-1195 (1998).
26. Ballenger JC, Wheadon DE, Steiner M, Bushnell W, Gergel IP. Double-blind, fxed-dose, placebo-controlled study of paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorder. Am J. Psychiatry 155, 36-42 (1998).
27. Lecrubier Y, Bakker A, Dunbar G, Judge R; the Collaborative Paroxetine Panic Study Investigators. A comparison of paroxetine, clomipramine and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 95. 145-152 (1997). (Pubitemid 27092886)
28. Pollack M, Mangano R, Entsuah R, Tzanis E, Simon NM. A randomized controlled trial of venlafaxine ER and paroxetine in the treatment of outpatients with panic disorder. Psychopharmacology 194, 233-242 (2007).
29. Sheehan DV, Burnham DB, Iyengar MK, Perera P. Effcacy and tolerability of controlled-release paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 66, 34-40 (2005).
30. Stahl SM, Gergel I, Li D. Escitalopram in the treatment of panic disorder: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J. Clin. Psychiatry 64, 1322-1327 (2003).
31. Nair NPV, Bakish D, Saxena B, Amin M, Schwartz G, West TEG. Comparison of luvoxamine, imipramine and placebo in the treatment of outpatients with panic disorder. Anxiety 2, 192-198 (1996).
32. Asnis GM, Hameedia FA, Goddardb AW et al. Fluvoxamine in the treatment of panic disorder: a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in outpatients. Psychiatry Res. 103, 1-14 (2001).
33. Smit F, Willemse G, Meulenbeek P et al. Preventing panic disorder: cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a pragmatic randomised trial. Cost Eff. Resour. Alloc. 7, 8 (2009).
34. Sheehan DV, Harnett-Sheehan K. The role of SSRIs in panic disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 57(Suppl.) 10, 51-58; discussion 59-60 (1996).
35. Hirschfeld RM. Placebo response in the treatment of panic disorder. Bull. Menninger Clin. 60(2 Suppl. A), A76-A86 (1996).
36. Huppert JD, Schultz LT, Foa EB et al. Differential response to placebo among patients with social phobia, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 161, 1485-1487 (2004).
37. Piercy MA, Sramek JJ, Kurtz NM, Cutler NR. Placebo response in anxiety disorders. Ann. Pharmacother. 30(9), 1013-1019 (1996).
38. Dannon PN, Iancu I, Cohen A, Lowengrub K, Grunhaus L, Kotler M. Three year naturalistic outcome study of panic disorder patients treated with paroxetine. BMC Psychiatry 11(4), 16 (2004).
39. Dannon PN, Iancu I, Lowengrub K et al. A naturalistic long-term comparison study of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of panic disorder. Clin. Neuropharmacol. 30(6), 326-334 (2007).
40. Toni C, Perugi G, Frare F et al. A prospective naturalistic study of 326 panic-agoraphobic patients treated with antidepressants. Pharmacopsychiatry 33(4), 121-131 (2000).
41. Kinzl JF. Major depressive disorder, antidepressants and sexual dysfunction. Neuropsychiatry 23(2), 134-138 (2009).
42. Rosenbaum JF, Pollack MH, Pollock RA. Clinical issues in the long-term treatment of panic disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 57(Suppl. 10), 44-48; discussion 49-50 (1996).
43. Kilbane EJ, Gokbayrak NS, Galynker I, Cohen L, Tross S. A review of panic and suicide in bipolar disorder: does comorbidity increase risk? Affect. Disord. 115(1-2), 1-10 (2009).
44. Nardi AE, Freire RC, Zin WA. Panic disorder and control of breathing. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 167(1), 133-143 (2009).
45. Gorman JM, Fyer MR, Goetz R et al. Ventilatory physiology of patients with panic disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 45, 31-39 (1988).
46. 2 as a marker of panic in severe anxiety. Am. J. Psychiatry, 147, 796-797 (1990).
47. Klein E, Zohar J, Geraci MF, Murphy DL, Uhde T W. Anxiogenic effects of m-CPP in patients with panic disorder: comparison to caffeine's anxiogenic effects. Biol. Psychiatry 30, 973-984 (1991).
48. Nardi AE, Lopes FL, Freire RC et al. Panic disorder and social anxiety disorder subtypes in a caffeine challenge test. Psychiatry Res. 169(2), 149-153 (2009).
49. Freire RC, De Carvalho MR, Joffly M, Zin WA, Nardi AE. Anxiogenic properties of a computer simulation for panic disorder with agoraphobia. J. Affect. Disord. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.12.031 (2010) (Epub ahead of print).
50. Smoller JW, Pollack MH, Otto MW, Rosenbaum JF, Kradin RL. Panic anxiety, dyspnea, and respiratory disease. Theoretical and clinical considerations. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154(1), 6-17 (1996).
51. 2-induced anxiety in patients with panic disorder and normal volunteers. Br. J. Psychiatry 176, 182-188 (2000).
52. Bertani A, Perna G, Arancio C, Caldirola D, Bellodi L. Pharmacologic effect of imipramine, paroxetine, and sertraline on 35% carbon dioxide hypersensitivity in panic patients: a double-blind, random, placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 17, 97-101 (1997).
53. Perna G, Bertani A, Gabriele A, Politi E, Bellodi L. Modifcation of 35% carbon dioxide hypersensitivity across one week of treatment with clomipramine and fuvoxamine: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 17, 173-178 (1997).
54. Bell C, Forshall S, Adrover M et al. Does 5-HT restrain panic? A tryptophan depletion study in panic disorder patients recovered on paroxetine. J. Psychopharmacol. 16, 5-14 (2002).
55. 2provoked panic in panic disorder. J. Psychopharmacol. 18, 553-558 (2004).
56. Pollack MH, Simon NM, Worthington JJ et al. Combined paroxetine and clonazepam treatment strategies compared to paroxetine monotherapy for panic disorder. J. Psychopharmacol. 17(3), 276-282 (2003).
57. Simon NM, Kaufman RE, Hoge EA et al. Open-label support for duloxetine for the treatment of panic disorder. CNS Neurosci. Ther. 15(1), 19-23 (2009).
58. Sarchiapone M, Amore M, De Risio S et al. Mirtazapine in the treatment of panic disorder: an open-label trial. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 18(1), 35-38 (2003).