메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 74, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 1186-1194

Reaction of harbor seals to cruise ships

Author keywords

Alaska; cruise ships; disturbance; energetics; harbor seal; haul out behavior; Phoca vitulina; predation; survival analysis; thermoregulation

Indexed keywords

AGGREGATION BEHAVIOR; ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; ENERGETICS; ENERGY BALANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; FLOATING ICE; GROUP SIZE; GUIDELINE; HARBOR; PINNIPED; POPULATION DECLINE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SURVIVAL; THERMOREGULATION; TIDEWATER GLACIER;

EID: 77955081882     PISSN: 0022541X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2193/2008-192     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (42)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0032377357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approximate is better than "exact" for interval estimation of binomial proportions
    • Agresti, A., and B. A. Coull. 1998. Approximate is better than "exact" for interval estimation of binomial proportions. American Statistician 52:119-126.
    • (1998) American Statistician , vol.52 , pp. 119-126
    • Agresti, A.1    Coull, B.A.2
  • 2
    • 77955062436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alaska Department of Community and Economic Development Alaska Department of Community and Economic Development, Juneau, USA
    • Alaska Department of Community and Economic Development. 2007. Alaska Economic Performance Report 2006. Alaska Department of Community and Economic Development, Juneau, USA.
    • (2007) Alaska Economic Performance Report 2006
  • 3
    • 77955071156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Alaska Department of Community and Economic Development, Juneau, USA
    • Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation. 2007. Assessment of Cruise Ship and Ferry Wastewater Impacts in Alaska. Alaska Department of Community and Economic Development, Juneau, USA.
    • (2007) Assessment of Cruise Ship and Ferry Wastewater Impacts in Alaska
  • 4
    • 0021553880 scopus 로고
    • The effect of disturbance on harbor seal haul-out patterns at Bolinas Lagoon, California
    • Allen, S. G., D. G. Ainley, G. W. Page, and C. A. Ribic. 1984. The effect of disturbance on harbor seal haul-out patterns at Bolinas Lagoon, California. Fishery Bulletin 82:493-500.
    • (1984) Fishery Bulletin , vol.82 , pp. 493-500
    • Allen, S.G.1    Ainley, D.G.2    Page, G.W.3    Ribic, C.A.4
  • 5
    • 0005337698 scopus 로고
    • Herd segregation in harbor seals at Point Reyes, California
    • Allen, S. G., C. A. Ribic, and J. E. Kjelmyr. 1988. Herd segregation in harbor seals at Point Reyes, California. California Fish and Game 74:55-59.
    • (1988) California Fish and Game , vol.74 , pp. 55-59
    • Allen, S.G.1    Ribic, C.A.2    Kjelmyr, J.E.3
  • 6
    • 77955061862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing harbor seal survey methods in glacial fjords
    • Pages 1-7 in Alaska Fisheries Science Center Quarterly Report Oct.-Nov.-Dec. 2004 Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. Accessed 3 Nov 2009
    • Bengtson, J., A. Phillips, E. Mathews, and M. Simpkins. 2004. Comparing harbor seal survey methods in glacial fjords. Pages 1-7 in Alaska Fisheries Science Center Quarterly Report, Oct.-Nov.-Dec. 2004. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. Accessed 3 Nov 2009.
    • (2004) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service
    • Bengtson, J.1    Phillips, A.2    Mathews, E.3    Simpkins, M.4
  • 7
    • 0033306335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diving behaviour of lactating harbour seals and their pups during maternal foraging trips
    • Bowen, W. D., D. J. Boness, and S. J. Iverson. 1999. Diving behaviour of lactating harbour seals and their pups during maternal foraging trips. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77:978-988.
    • (1999) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.77 , pp. 978-988
    • Bowen, W.D.1    Boness, D.J.2    Iverson, S.J.3
  • 8
    • 0034923988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging effort, food intake and lactation performance depend on maternal mass in a small phocid seal
    • Bowen, W. D., S. J. Iverson, D. J. Boness, and O. T. Oftedal. 2001. Foraging effort, food intake and lactation performance depend on maternal mass in a small phocid seal. Functional Ecology 15:325-334.
    • (2001) Functional Ecology , vol.15 , pp. 325-334
    • Bowen, W.D.1    Iverson, S.J.2    Boness, D.J.3    Oftedal, O.T.4
  • 9
    • 0000796477 scopus 로고
    • Mass and energy transfer during lactation in a small phocid, the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)
    • Bowen, W. D., O. T. Oftedal, and D. J. Boness. 1992. Mass and energy transfer during lactation in a small phocid, the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Physiological Zoology 65:844-866.
    • (1992) Physiological Zoology , vol.65 , pp. 844-866
    • Bowen, W.D.1    Oftedal, O.T.2    Boness, D.J.3
  • 10
    • 16844386363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetics: Consequences for fitness
    • Pages 247-277 in A. R. Hoezel, editor Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
    • Boyd, I. 2002. Energetics: consequences for fitness. Pages 247-277 in A. R. Hoezel, editor. Marine mammal biology-an evolutionary approach. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom.
    • (2002) Marine Mammal Biology-an Evolutionary Approach
    • Boyd, I.1
  • 12
    • 77955062304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cruise Line Agencies of Alaska Accessed 3 Mar 2010
    • Cruise Line Agencies of Alaska. 2008. Cruise ship calendar for 2008. http://www.claalaska.com/schedules.html Accessed 3 Mar 2010.
    • (2008) Cruise Ship Calendar for 2008
  • 14
    • 0001663011 scopus 로고
    • Swimming metabolism of yearling and adult harbor seals Phoca vitulina
    • Davis, R. W., T. M. Williams, and G. L. Kooyman. 1985. Swimming metabolism of yearling and adult harbor seals Phoca vitulina. Physiolog-ical Zoology 58:590-596.
    • (1985) Physiolog-ical Zoology , vol.58 , pp. 590-596
    • Davis, R.W.1    Williams, T.M.2    Kooyman, G.L.3
  • 15
    • 0032805022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the trend of harbor seals in Prince William Sound, Alaska, after the Exxon Valdez oil spill
    • Frost, K. J., L. F. Lowry, and J. M. VerHoef. 1999. Monitoring the trend of harbor seals in Prince William Sound, Alaska, after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Marine Mammal Science 15:494-506.
    • (1999) Marine Mammal Science , vol.15 , pp. 494-506
    • Frost, K.J.1    Lowry, L.F.2    Verhoef, J.M.3
  • 16
    • 16844363758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass- dependent energetics and survival of harbour seal pups
    • Harding, K. C., M. Fukiwara, Y. Axberg, and T. Harkonen. 2005. Mass- dependent energetics and survival of harbour seal pups. Functional Ecology 19:129-135.
    • (2005) Functional Ecology , vol.19 , pp. 129-135
    • Harding, K.C.1    Fukiwara, M.2    Axberg, Y.3    Harkonen, T.4
  • 18
    • 0029170387 scopus 로고
    • Use of temperature telemetry to monitor ingestion by a harbour seal mother and pup throughout lactation
    • Hedd, A., R. Gales, and D. Renouf. 1995. Use of temperature telemetry to monitor ingestion by a harbour seal mother and pup throughout lactation. Polar Biology 15:155-160.
    • (1995) Polar Biology , vol.15 , pp. 155-160
    • Hedd, A.1    Gales, R.2    Renouf, D.3
  • 19
    • 0032322347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are there thermoregulatory constraints on the timing of pupping for harbour seals?
    • Hind, A. T., and W. S. C. Gurney. 1998. Are there thermoregulatory constraints on the timing of pupping for harbour seals? Canadian Journal of Zoology 76:2245-2254.
    • (1998) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.76 , pp. 2245-2254
    • Hind, A.T.1    Gurney, W.S.C.2
  • 21
    • 0000390370 scopus 로고
    • The metabolism and insulation of seals as bare-skinned mammals in cold water
    • Irving, L., and J. S. Hart. 1957. The metabolism and insulation of seals as bare-skinned mammals in cold water. Canadian Journal of Zoology 35:497-511.
    • (1957) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.35 , pp. 497-511
    • Irving, L.1    Hart, J.S.2
  • 22
    • 77954478828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance of harbor seals by cruise ships in Disenchantment Bay, Alaska: An investigation at three spatial and temporal scales
    • Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, Washington, USA
    • Jansen, J. K., J. L. Bengtson, P. L. Boveng, S. P. Dahle, and J. Ver Hoef. 2006. Disturbance of harbor seals by cruise ships in Disenchantment Bay, Alaska: an investigation at three spatial and temporal scales. AFSC Processed Report 2006-2102, 75 p. Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, Washington, USA.
    • (2006) AFSC Processed Report 2006-2102 , pp. 75
    • Jansen, J.K.1    Bengtson, J.L.2    Boveng, P.L.3    Dahle, S.P.4    Ver Hoef, J.5
  • 24
    • 77955084989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harbor seal population trends and factors influencing counts on Tugidak Island, Alaska
    • Pages 31-52 in R. J. Small, editor Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Anchorage, USA
    • Jemison, L. A., and G. W. Pendleton. 2001. Harbor seal population trends and factors influencing counts on Tugidak Island, Alaska. Pages 31-52 in R. J. Small, editor. Harbor seal investigations in Alaska. Annual Report for NOAA Award NA87FX0300. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Anchorage, USA.
    • (2001) Harbor Seal Investigations in Alaska. Annual Report for NOAA Award NA87FX0300
    • Jemison, L.A.1    Pendleton, G.W.2
  • 28
    • 0008899141 scopus 로고
    • Pinniped thermoregulation: Comments on the effects of cold on the evolution of pinniped breeding systems
    • Lavigne, D. M. 1982. Pinniped thermoregulation: comments on the effects of cold on the evolution of pinniped breeding systems. Evolution 36:409-414.
    • (1982) Evolution , vol.36 , pp. 409-414
    • Lavigne, D.M.1
  • 29
    • 0001646990 scopus 로고
    • Parturition in the Atlantic harbor seal, Phoca vitulina concolor
    • Lawson, J. W., and D. Renouf. 1985. Parturition in the Atlantic harbor seal, Phoca vitulina concolor. Journal of Mammalogy 66:395-398.
    • (1985) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.66 , pp. 395-398
    • Lawson, J.W.1    Renouf, D.2
  • 30
    • 0029803411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme temporal variation in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) numbers in Glacier Bay, a glacial fjord in southeast Alaska
    • Mathews, E., and B. Kelly. 1996. Extreme temporal variation in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) numbers in Glacier Bay, a glacial fjord in southeast Alaska. Marine Mammal Science 12:483-489.
    • (1996) Marine Mammal Science , vol.12 , pp. 483-489
    • Mathews, E.1    Kelly, B.2
  • 31
    • 32044436316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declines in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) numbers in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, 1992-2002
    • Mathews, E. A., and G. W. Pendleton. 2006. Declines in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) numbers in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, 1992-2002. Marine Mammal Science 22:167-189.
    • (2006) Marine Mammal Science , vol.22 , pp. 167-189
    • Mathews, E.A.1    Pendleton, G.W.2
  • 32
    • 77955078515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] Accessed 10 Mar 2010
    • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA]. 2006. Alaska Marine Mammal Viewing Guidelines and Regulations. . Accessed 10 Mar 2010.
    • (2006) Alaska Marine Mammal Viewing Guidelines and Regulations
  • 33
    • 77955075337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Park Service Federal Register: May 30, 1996 Accessed 2 Mar 2010
    • National Park Service. 1996. Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska: vessel management plan regulations. Federal Register: May 30, 1996 (Volume 61, No.105). Page 27008-27019. . Accessed 2 Mar 2010.
    • (1996) Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska: Vessel Management Plan Regulations , vol.61 , Issue.105 , pp. 27008-27019
  • 34
    • 77955084035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-range interpretive plan
    • National Park Service Yakutat District Alaska 2001. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Juneau, Alaska, USA
    • National Park Service. 2001. Long-range interpretive plan. Glacier Bay and Wrangell St. Elias National Parks and Preserves. Yakutat District Alaska 2001. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Juneau, Alaska, USA.
    • (2001) Glacier Bay and Wrangell St. Elias National Parks and Preserves
  • 35
    • 0015619321 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the breeding behavior of harbor seals in the state of Washington
    • Newby, T. C. 1973. Observations on the breeding behavior of harbor seals in the state of Washington. Journal of Mammalogy 54:540-543.
    • (1973) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.54 , pp. 540-543
    • Newby, T.C.1
  • 36
    • 0025628025 scopus 로고
    • Outline of a physiologically based model for population energetics
    • Ortisland, N. A., and N. H. Markussen. 1990. Outline of a physiologically based model for population energetics. Ecological Modelling 52:267-288.
    • (1990) Ecological Modelling , vol.52 , pp. 267-288
    • Ortisland, N.A.1    Markussen, N.H.2
  • 37
    • 0025645253 scopus 로고
    • Major decline in number of harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, on Tugidak Island, Gulf of Alaska
    • Pitcher, K. W. 1990. Major decline in number of harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, on Tugidak Island, Gulf of Alaska. Marine Mammal Science 6:121-134.
    • (1990) Marine Mammal Science , vol.6 , pp. 121-134
    • Pitcher, K.W.1
  • 39
    • 46649117736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dive behavior, haulout patterns, and movements of harbor seal pups in the Kodiak Archipelago, 1997-2000
    • Pages 209-238 R. J. Small, editor Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Anchorage, USA
    • Rehberg, M. J., and R. J. Small. 2001. Dive behavior, haulout patterns, and movements of harbor seal pups in the Kodiak Archipelago, 1997-2000. Pages 209-238 in R. J. Small, editor. Harbor Seal Investigations in Alaska. Annual Report for NOAA Award NA87FX300. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Anchorage, USA.
    • (2001) Harbor Seal Investigations in Alaska. Annual Report for NOAA Award NA87FX300
    • Rehberg, M.J.1    Small, R.J.2
  • 40
    • 0033826893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a conceptual framework for wildlife tourism
    • Reynolds, P. C., and D. Braithwaite. 2001. Towards a conceptual framework for wildlife tourism. Tourism Management 22:31-42.
    • (2001) Tourism Management , vol.22 , pp. 31-42
    • Reynolds, P.C.1    Braithwaite, D.2
  • 41
    • 0030963235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in the blubber distribution in Atlantic harbor seals: Indications of thermodynamic considerations
    • Rosen, D. A., and D. Renouf. 1997. Seasonal changes in the blubber distribution in Atlantic harbor seals: indications of thermodynamic considerations. Marine Mammal Science 13:229-240.
    • (1997) Marine Mammal Science , vol.13 , pp. 229-240
    • Rosen, D.A.1    Enouf, D.2
  • 42
    • 0032448331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of seasonal changes in metabolism in Atlantic harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor)
    • Rosen, D. A. S., and D. Renouf. 1998. Correlates of seasonal changes in metabolism in Atlantic harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor). Canadian Journal of Zoology 76:1520-1528.
    • (1998) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.76 , pp. 1520-1528
    • Rosen, D.A.S.1    Renouf, D.2
  • 43
    • 77955062021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harbor seal population trends in the Ketchikan, Sitka, and Kodiak areas of Alaska, 1983-1999
    • Pages 8-30 in R. J. Small, editor Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Anchorage, USA
    • Small, R. J., G. W. Pendleton, and K. M. Wynne. 2001. Harbor seal population trends in the Ketchikan, Sitka, and Kodiak areas of Alaska, 1983-1999. Pages 8-30 in R. J. Small, editor. Harbor Seal Investigations in Alaska. Annual Report for NOAA Award NA87FX0300. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Anchorage, USA.
    • (2001) Harbor Seal Investigations in Alaska. Annual Report for NOAA Award NA87FX0300
    • Small, R.J.1    Pendleton, G.W.2    Wynne, K.M.3
  • 44
    • 77955065284 scopus 로고
    • Distribution, population ecology and impact susceptibility of the harbor seal in Glacier Bay, Alaska
    • Juneau, Alaska, USA
    • Streveler, G. P. 1979. Distribution, population ecology and impact susceptibility of the harbor seal in Glacier Bay, Alaska. National Park Service, Juneau, Alaska, USA.
    • (1979) National Park Service
    • Streveler, G.P.1
  • 45
    • 0033005595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in reactions of Pacific harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, to disturbance
    • Suryan, R. M., and J. T. Harvey. 1999. Variability in reactions of Pacific harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, to disturbance. Fishery Bulletin 97:332-339.
    • (1999) Fishery Bulletin , vol.97 , pp. 332-339
    • Suryan, R.M.1    Harvey, J.T.2
  • 47
    • 0024944530 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in the distribution and composition of common seal (Phoca vitulina) haul-out groups
    • Thompson, P. M. 1989. Seasonal changes in the distribution and composition of common seal (Phoca vitulina) haul-out groups. Journal of Zoology 217:281-294.
    • (1989) Journal of Zoology , vol.217 , pp. 281-294
    • Thompson, P.M.1
  • 49
    • 0026568050 scopus 로고
    • Thermal constraints on hauling out by harbor seals (Phoca vitulina)
    • Watts, P. 1992. Thermal constraints on hauling out by harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Canadian Journal of Zoology 70:553-560.
    • (1992) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.70 , pp. 553-560
    • Watts, P.1
  • 50
    • 0029669822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diel hauling-out cycle of harbour seals in an open marine environment: Correlates and constraints
    • Watts, P. 1996. The diel hauling-out cycle of harbour seals in an open marine environment: correlates and constraints. Journal of Zoology 240:175-200.
    • (1996) Journal of Zoology , vol.240 , pp. 175-200
    • Watts, P.1
  • 51
    • 0001663010 scopus 로고
    • Swimming performance and hydrodynamic chara?teristics of harbor seals Phoca vitulina
    • Williams, T. M., and G. L. Kooyman. 1985. Swimming performance and hydrodynamic characteristics of harbor seals Phoca vitulina. Physiological Zoology 58:576-589.
    • (1985) Physiological Zoology , vol.58 , pp. 576-589
    • Williams, T.M.1    Kooyman, G.L.2
  • 52
    • 0003510257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Tourism Organisation Bernan Associates, Madrid, Spain
    • World Tourism Organisation. 2001. Tourism: 2020 vision. Bernan Associates, Madrid, Spain.
    • (2001) Tourism: 2020 Vision
  • 53
    • 0026075145 scopus 로고
    • Insulation and thermal balance of fasting harp and grey seal pups
    • Worthy, G. A. J. 1991. Insulation and thermal balance of fasting harp and grey seal pups. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 100:845-851.
    • (1991) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , vol.100 , pp. 845-851
    • Worthy, G.A.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.