Correlates of seasonal changes in metabolism in Atlantic harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor)

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Volumn 76, Issue 8, 1998, Pages 1520-1528

  Rosen, D A S ^a,b   Renouf, D ^a  

^a MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PHOCA; PHOCA VITULINA; PHOCA VITULINA CONCOLOR; PHOCIDAE; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0032448331     PISSN: 00084301     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/cjz-76-8-1520     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Ashwell-Erickson, S., and Eisner, R. 1981. The energy cost of free existance for Bering Sea harbor and spotted seals. In The eastern Bering Sea shelf: oceanography and resources. Vol. 2. Edited by D.W. Hood and J.A. Calder. University of Washington Press, Seattle. pp. 869-899.
2. Ashwell-Erickson, S., Fay, F.H., Eisner, R., and Wartzok, D. 1986. Metabolic and hormonal correlates of molting and regeneration of pelage in Alaskan harbor and spotted seals (Phoca vitulina and Phoca largha). Can. J. Zool. 64: 1086-1094.
3. Blaxter, K. 1989. Energy metabolism in animals and man. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
4. Bonner, W.N. 1984. Lactation strategies for pinnipeds: problems for a marine mammal group. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. No. 51. pp. 253-272.
5. Bowen, W.D., Boness, D.J., and Oftedal, O.T. 1987. Mass transfer from mother to pup and subsequent mass loss by the weaned pup in the hooded seal, Cystophora cristata. Can. J. Zool. 65: 1-8.
6. Bowen, W.D., Oftedal, O.T., and Boness, D.J. 1992. Mass and energy transfer during lactation in a small phocid, the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Physiol. Zool. 65: 844-866.
7. Bunnell, F.L., and Harestad, A.S. 1990. Activity budgets and body weight in mammals: How sloppy can mammals be? In Current mammalogy. Vol. 2. Edited by H.H. Genoways. Plenum Publishing Corp., New York. pp. 245-305.
8. Castellini, M.A., and Rea, L.D. 1992. The biochemistry of natural fasting at its limits. Experientia, 48: 575-582.
9. Costa, D.P., and Kooyman, G.L. 1984. Contribution of specific dynamic action to heat balance and thermoregulation in the sea otter Enhydra lutris. Physiol. Zool. 57: 199-203.
10. Costa, D.P., Le Boeuf, B.J., Huntley, A.C., and Ortiz, C.L. 1986. The energetics of lactation in the northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris. J. Zool. Ser. A. 209: 21-33.
11. Cuyler, L.C., and Øritsland, N.A. 1993. Metabolic strategies for winter survival by Svalbard reindeer. Can. J. Zool. 71: 1787-1792.
12. DuMond, F.V., and Hutchison, T.C. 1967. Squirrel monkey reproduction: the "fatted" male phenomenon and seasonal spermatogenesis. Science (Washington, D.C.), 158: 1067-1070.
13. Fedak, M.A., and Anderson, S.S. 1982. The energetics of lactation: accurate measurements from a large wild mammal, the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). J. Zool. (1965-1984), 198: 473-479.
14. Gales, N.J., and Burton, H.R. 1987. Ultrasonic measurement of blubber thickness of the southern elephant seal. Mirounga leonina (Linn.). Aust. J. Zool. 35: 207-217.
15. Gales, R., and Renouf, D. 1994. Assessment of body condition of harp seals. Polar Biol. 14: 381-387.
16. Gales, R., Renouf, D., and Noseworthy, E. 1994. Body composition of harp seals. Can. J. Zool. 72: 545-551.
17. Gallivan, G.J., and Best, R.C. 1986. The influence of feeding and fasting on the metabolic rate and ventilation of the Amazon manatee (Trichechus inunguis). Physiol. Zool. 59: 552-557.
18. Gallivan, G.J., and Ronald, K. 1979. Temperature regulation in freely diving harp seals (Phoca groenlandica). Can. J. Zool. 57: 2256-2263.
19. Grande, F., Anderson, J.T., and Keys, A. 1958. Changes of basal metabolic rate in man in semistarvation and refeeding. J. Appl. Physiol. 12: 230-238.
20. Härkönen, T., and Heide-Jørgensen, M.-P. 1990. Comparative life histories of east Atlantic and other harbour seal populations. Ophelia, 32: 211-235.
21. Harlow, H.J. 1981. Metabolic adaptations to prolonged food deprivation by the American badger Taxidea taxus. Physiol. Zool. 54: 276-284.
22. Harvey, P.H., Pagel, M.D., and Rees, J.A. 1991. Mammalian metabolism and life histories. Am. Nat. 137: 556-566.
23. Hayes, J.P., and Shonkwiler, J.S. 1996. Analyzing mass-independent data. Physiol. Zool. 69: 974-980.
24. Heusner, A.A. 1982. Energy metabolism and body size. 1. Is the 0.75 mass exponent of Kleiber's equation a statistical artifact? Respir. Physiol. 48: 1-12.
25. Hill, J.O., Latiff, A., and DiGirolamo, M. 1985. Effects of variable caloric restriction on utilization of ingested energy in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 248: R549-R559.
26. Hui, C.A. 1987. Power and speed of swimming dolphins. J. Mammal. 68: 126-132.
27. Karasov, W.H. 1992. Daily energy expenditure and the cost of activity in mammals. Am. Zool. 32: 238-248.
28. Keys, A., Brozek, A., Henschel, A., Micckelsen, O., and Taylor, H.L. 1950. The biology of human starvation. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
29. Kirkwood, J.K. 1983. A limit to metabolisable energy intake in mammals and birds. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 75: 1-3.
30. Klaassen, M., and Bech, C. 1992. Resting and peak metabolic rates of arctic tern nestlings and their relations to growth rate. Physiol. Zool. 65: 803-814.
31. Kleiber, M. 1975. The fire of life: an introduction to animal energetics. Robert E. Krieger Publishing Co., New York.
32. Koteja, P. 1991. On the relation between basal and field metabolic rates in birds and mammals. Funct. Ecol. 5: 56-64.
33. Lavigne, D.M., Barchard, W., Innes, S., and Øritsland, N.A. 1982. Pinniped bioenergetics. FAO Fish. Ser. No. 5. Vol. IV. pp. 191-235.
34. Markussen, N.H. 1995. Changes in metabolic rate and body composition during starvation and semistarvation in harbour seals. In Developments in marine biology 4: whales, seals, fish and man. Edited by A.S. Blix, L. Walløe, and Ø. Ulltang. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam. pp. 383-391.
35. Markussen, N.H., Ryg, M., and Øritsland, N.A. 1992. Metabolic rate and body composition of harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, during starvation and refeeding. Can. J. Zool. 70: 220-224.
36. Markussen, N.H., Ryg, M., and Øritsland, N.A. 1994. The effect of feeding on the metabolic rate in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). J. Comp. Physiol. B. 164: 89-93.
37. McCance, R.A., and Mount, L.E. 1960. Severe undernutrition in growing and adult animals. 5. Metabolic rate and body temperature in the pig. Br. J. Nutr. 14: 509-518.
38. Miller, L.K. 1978. Energetics of the northern fur seal in relation to climate and food resources of the Bering Sea. U.S. Mar. Mamm. Comm. Rep. No. MMC-75/08.
39. Mrosovsky, N. 1990. Rheostasis - the physiology of change. Oxford University Press, Toronto, Ont.
40. Mrosovsky, N., and Sherry, D.F. 1980. Animal anorexias. Science (Washington, D.C.), 207: 837-842.
41. Munch, I.C., Markussen, N.H., and Øritsland, N.A. 1993. Resting oxygen consumption in rats during food restriction, starvation and refeeding. Acta Physiol. Scand. 148: 335-340.
42. Nagy, K.A. 1987. Field metabolic rate and food requirement scaling in mammals and birds. Ecol. Monogr. 57: 111-128.
43. Nordøy, E.S., Aakvaag, A., and Larsen, T. 1993. Metabolic adaptations to fasting in harp seal pups. Physiol. Zool. 66: 926-945.
44. Oftedal, O., Boness, D.J., and Tedman, R.A. 1987. The behavior, physiology, and anatomy of lactation in the pinnipedia. In Current mammalogy. Vol. 1. Edited by H.H. Genoways. Plenum Publishing Corp., New York. pp. 175-245.
45. Olesiuk, P.F. 1993. Annual prey consumption by harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Fish. Bull. 91: 491-515.
46. Peterson, C.C., Nagy, K.A., and Diamond, J. 1990. Sustained metabolic scope. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 8: 2324-2328.
47. Pitcher, K.W. 1986. Variation in blubber thickness of harbour seals in southern Alaska. J. Wildl. Manage. 50: 463-466.
48. Poczopko, P. 1979. Metabolic rate and body size relationships in adult and growing homeotherms. Acta Theriol. 24: 125-136.
49. Prestrud, P. 1991. Adaptations by the Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) to the polar winter. Arctic, 44: 132-138.
50. Rea, L.D. 1990. Changes in resting metabolic rate during long-term fasting in northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris). M.Sc. thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz.
51. Rea, L.D., and Costa, D.P. 1992. Changes in standard metabolism during long-term fasting in northern elephant seal pups. Physiol. Zool. 65: 97-111.
52. Reilly, J.J., and Fedak, M.A. 1990. Measurement of the body composition of living gray seals by hydrogen isotope dilution. J. Appl. Physiol. 69: 885-891.
53. Reilly, J.J., and Fedak, M.A. 1991. Rates of water turnover and energy expenditure of free-living male common seals (Phoca vitulina). J. Zool. (Lond.), 223: 461-468.
54. Reinertsen, R.E., and Haftorn, S. 1986. Different metabolic strategies of northern birds for nocturnal survival. J. Comp. Physiol. B, 156: 655-663.
55. Renouf, D., and Gales, R. 1994. Seasonal variation in the metabolic rate of harp seals: unexpected energetic economy in the cold ocean. Can. J. Zool. 72: 1625-1632.
56. Renouf, D., and Noseworthy, E. 1990. Feeding cycles in captive harbour seals (Phoca vitulina): weight gain in spite of reduced food intake and increased thermal demands. Mar. Behav. Physiol. 17: 203-212.
57. Renouf, D., and Noseworthy, E. 1991. Changes in food intake, mass, and fat accumulation in association with variations in thyroid hormone levels of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). Can. J. Zool. 69: 2470-2479.
58. Renouf, D., Gales, R., and Noseworthy, E. 1993. Seasonal variation in energy intake and condition of harp seals: is there a harp seal morph? Problems for bioenergetic modelling. J. Zool. (Lond.), 230: 513-528.
59. Riviere, J.E., Engelhardt, F.R., and Solomon, J. 1977. The relationship of thyroxine and cortisol to the moult of the harbor seal. Phoca vitulina. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 31: 398-401.
60. Rosen, D.A.S. 1996. Seasonal changes in the energy budgets of captive harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor). Ph.D. thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's.
61. Rosen, D.A.S., and Renouf, D. 1995. Variation in the metabolic rates of captive harbour seals. In Developments in marine biology 4: whales, seals, fish and man. Edited by A.S. Blix, L. Walløe, and Ø. Ulltang. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam. pp. 393-399.
62. Rosen, D.A.S., and Renouf, D. 1997. Seasonal changes in blubber distribution in Atlantic harbor seals: indications of thermodynamic considerations. Mar. Mammal Sci. 13: 229-240.
63. Sakamoto, W., Naito, Y., Huntley, A.C., and Le Boeuf, B.J. 1989. Daily gross energy requirements of a female northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris at sea. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 55: 2057-2063.
64. Schwartz, C.C., Hubbert, M.E., and Franzmann, A.W. 1991. Energy expenditure in moose calves. J. Wildl. Manage. 55: 391-393.
65. Slip, D.J., Gales, N.J., and Burton, H.R. 1992. Body mass loss, utilisation of blubber and fat, and energetic requirements of male southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, during the moulting fast. Aust. J. Zool. 40: 235-243.
66. Steffens, A.B., and Strubbe, J.H. 1987. Regulation of body weight and food intake. Sci. Prog. 71: 545-562.
67. Stokkan, K.-A., Mortensen, A., and Blix, A.S. 1986. Food intake, feeding rhythm, and body mass regulation in the Svalbard rock ptarmigan. Am. J. Physiol. 251: R264-R267.
68. Thompson, P.M., and Miller, D. 1990. Summer foraging activity and movements of radio-tagged common seals (Phoca vitulina L.) in the Moray Firth, Scotland. J. Appl. Ecol. 27: 492-501.
69. Thompson, P.M., and Rothery, P. 1987. Age and sex differences in the timing of moult in the common seal. Phoca vitulina. J. Zool. (Lond.), 212: 597-603.
70. Thompson, P.M., Fedak, M.A., McConnell, B.J., and Nicholas, K.S. 1989. Seasonal and sex-related variation in the activity patterns of common seals (Phoca vitulina, L.) in the Moray Firth, Scotland. J. Appl. Ecol. 26: 521-535.
71. Walker, E.G., and Bowen, D. 1993. Changes in body mass and feeding behaviour in male harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, in relation to female reproductive status. J. Zool. (Lond.), 231: 423-436.
72. Watts, P., Hansen, P., and Lavigne, D.M. 1993. Models of heat loss by marine mammals: thermoregulation below the zone of irrelevance. J. Theor. Biol. 163: 505-525.
73. Worthy, G.A.J., Morris, P.A., Costa, D.P., and Le Boeuf, B.J. 1992. Moult energetics of the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris). J. Zool. (Lond.), 227: 257-265.
74. Young, B., Fenton, T., and McLean, J. 1984. Calibration methods in respiratory calorimetry. J. Appl. Physiol. 56: 1120-1125.