Associations of social networks with cancer mortality: A meta-analysis

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology

Volumn 75, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 122-137

  Pinquart, Martin ^a   Duberstein, Paul R ^b  

^a PHILIPPS UNIVERSITY MARBURG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer; Marital status; Meta analysis; Social network; Social support; Survival length

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

AGE; BREAST CANCER; CANCER LOCALIZATION; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER PATIENT; CANCER STAGING; DEMOGRAPHY; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE NEED; HEALTH PROMOTION; HELP SEEKING BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; LEUKEMIA; LYMPHOMA; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MENTAL HEALTH CARE; METASTASIS POTENTIAL; METHODOLOGY; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PREDICTION; PROGNOSIS; PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL ASPECT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL CARE; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SOCIAL NETWORK; SOCIAL STATUS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; MALE; MARRIAGE; META ANALYSIS; MORTALITY; NEOPLASMS; PSYCHOLOGY;

AGE FACTORS; CONFOUNDING FACTORS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MARITAL STATUS; NEOPLASMS; PROGNOSIS; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL SUPPORT;

EID: 77955050895     PISSN: 10408428     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.06.003     Document Type: Review

References (130)

1. Coyne J.C., Stefanek M., Palmer S.C. Psychotherapy and survival in cancer: the conflict between hope and evidence. Psychol Bull 2007, 133:367-394.
2. Zimmermann T., Heinrichs N., Baucom D.H. Does one size fit all? Moderators in psychosocial interventions for breast cancer patients. A meta-analysis. Ann Behav Med 2007, 34:225-239.
3. Berkman L.F. The role of social relations in health promotion. Psychosom Med 1995, 57:245-254.
4. House J.S., Landis K.R., Umberson D. Social relationships and health. Science 1988, 241:540-545.
5. Uchino B.N., Cacioppo J.T., Kiecolt-Glaser J.K. The relationship between social support and physiological processes: a review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health. Psychol Bull 1996, 119:488-531.
6. De Boer M.F., Ryckman R.M., Pruyn J.F., Van den Borne H.W. Psychosocial correlates of cancer relapse and survival: a literature review. Patient Educ Couns 1999, 37:215-230.
7. Spiegel D. Psychosocial intervention in cancer. J Nat Cancer Inst 1993, 85:1198-1205.
8. Levy S.M., Herberman R.B., Whiteside T., Sanzo K., Lee J., Kirkwood J. Perceived social support and tumor estrogen/progesterone receptor status as predictors of natural killer cell activity in breast cancer patients. Psychosom Med 1990, 52:73-85.
9. Turner-Cobb J.M., Siphon S.E., Copan C., Blake-Mortimer J., Spiegel D. Social support and salivary cortisol in women with metastatic breast cancer. Psychosom Med 2000, 62:337-345.
10. Osborne C., Ostir G.V., Du X., Peek M.K., Goodwin J.S. The influence of marital status on the stage at diagnosis, treatment, and survival of older women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005, 93:41-47.
11. Reyes Ortiz C.A., Freeman J.L., Kuo Y.F., Goodwin J.S. The influence of marital status on stage at diagnosis and survival of older persons with melanoma. J Gerontol Biol Med Sci 2007, 62:892-898.
12. Ramirez A.J., Westcombe A.M., Burgess C.C., Sutton S., Litlejohns P., Richards M.A. Factors predicting delayed presentation of symptomatic breast cancer: a systematic review. Lancet 1999, 353:1127-1131.
13. Mor V., Masterson-Allen S., Goldberg R., Guadagnoli E., Wool M.S. Prediagnostic symptom recognition and help-seeking among cancer patients. J Comm Health 1990, 15:253-266.
14. Kroenke C.H., Kubzansky L.D., Schernhammer E.S., Holmes M.D., Kawachi I. Social networks, social support, and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24:1105-1111.
15. Waxler-Morrison N., Hislop G., Mears B., Kan L. Effects of social relationships on survival for women with breast cancer: a prospective study. Soc Sci Med 1991, 33:177-183.
16. Duric V.M., Stocker M. Patients' preferences for adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer: a review of what makes it worthwhile. Lancet Oncol 2001, 2:691-697.
17. Cronin-Fenton D.P., Sharp L., Deady S., Comber H. Treatment and survival for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: influence of histological subtype, age, and other factors in a population-based study (1999-2001). Eur J Cancer 2006, 42:2786-2793.
18. Duric V.M., Butow P.N., Shape L., et al. Psychosocial factors and patients' preferences for adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer. Psychooncology 2007, 16:48-59.
19. Blanchard C.G., Albrecht T., Ruckdeschel J., Grant C.H., Malcom H.R. The role of social support in adaptation to cancer and survival. J Psychosoc Oncol 1995, 13:75-95.
20. Schroevers M.J., Ranchor A.V., Sanderman R. The role of social support and self-esteem in the presence and course of depressive symptoms: a comparison of cancer patients and individuals from the general population. Soc Sci Med 2003, 57:375-385.
21. Brockman H., Klein T. Love and death in Germany: the marital biography and its effect on mortality. J Marriage Fam 2004, 66:567-581.
22. Neale A.V., Tilley R.C., Vernon S.W. Marital status, delay in seeking treatment and survival from breast cancer. Soc Sci Med 1986, 23:305-312.
23. Stroebe W., Stroebe M.S. Bereavement and health: the psychological and physical consequences of partner loss 1987, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
24. Ries L.A. Ovarian cancer. Survival and treatment differences by age. Cancer 1993, 71(Suppl.):524-529.
25. Lang F.R., Staudinger U.M., Carstensen L.L. Perspectives on socioemotional selectivity in late life: how personality and social context do (and do not) make a difference. J Gerontol 1998, 53B:21-30.
26. He W., Sengupta M., Velkoff A.A., DeBarros K.A. 65+ in the United States 2005, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.
27. Link B.G., Phelan J. Social conditions as fundamental causes of diseases. J Health Soc Behav 1995, 45:80-94.
28. Wen M., Christakis N.A. Neighborhood effects on posthospitalization mortality: a population-based cohort study of the elderly in Chicago. Health Serv Res 2005, 40:1108-1127.
29. Manzoli L., Villari P., Pirone G., Boccia A. Marital status and mortality in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Sci Med 2007, 64:77-94.
30. Goodwin J.S., Zhang D.D., Ostir G. Effect of depression on diagnosis, treatment, and survival of older women with breast cancer. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004, 52:106-111.
31. Hill T.D., Khamis H.J., Tyczynski J.E., Berkel H.J. Comparison of male and female breast cancer incidence trends, tumor characteristics, and survival. Ann Epidemiol 2005, 15:773-780.
32. Cassileth B.R., Walsh W.P., Lusk E.K.J. Psychosocial correlates of cancer survival: a subsequent report 3 to 8 years after cancer diagnosis. J Clin Oncol 1988, 6:1753-1759.
33. Ell K., Nishimoto R., Mediansky L., Mantel J., Hamovitch M. Social relations, social support and survival among patients with cancer. J Psychosom Res 1992, 36:531-541.
34. Pinquart M., Höffken K., Silbereisen R.K., Wedding U. Social support and survival in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Support Care Cancer 2007, 15:81-87.
35. Wilson K.G., Curran D., McPherson C.J. A burden to others: a common source of burden in the terminally ill. Cogn Behav Ther 2005, 34:115-121.
36. Cohen S. Social relationships and health. Am Psychologist 2004, 59:676-684.
37. Funch D.P., Marshall J. The role of stress, social support and age in survival from breast cancer. J Psychosom Res 1983, 27:77-83.
38. Vogt T.M., Mulloy J.P., Ernst D., Pope C.R., Hollis J.F. Social networks as predictors of ischemic heart disease, cancer, stroke, and hypertension: incidence, survival and mortality. J Clin Epidemiol 1992, 45:659-666.
39. Umbertson D. Gender, marital status and the social control of health behaviour. Soc Sci Med 1992, 34:907-917.
40. Lai H., Lai S., Krongard A., Trapido E., Page J.B., McCoy C.B. The effect of marital status on survival in late-stage cancer patients: an analysis based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data in the United States. Int J Behav Med 1999, 6:150-176.
41. Pinquart M. Loneliness in married, widowed, divorced, and never-married older adults. J Soc Pers Relationships 2003, 20:31-54.
42. Cwinkel J.G., Behar L.C., Zabora J.R. Psychosocial factors that affect the survival of adult cancer patients: a review of research. J Psychosoc Oncol 1997, 15(3-4):1-34.
43. Reynolds P., Boyd P.T., Blacklow R.S., et al. The relationship between social ties and survival among Black and White breast cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994, 3:253-258.
44. Sklar L.S., Anisman H. Stress and cancer. Psych Bull 1981, 89:369-406.
45. Villingshøj M., Ross L., Thomsen B.L., Johansen C. Does marital status and altered contact with the social network predict colorectal cancer survival?. Eur J Cancer 2006, 42:3022-3027.
46. DeGraef A., DeLeeuw J.R., Ros W.J., Hordijk G.J., Blijham G.H., Winnubst J.A. Sociodemographic factors and quality of life as prognostic indicators in head and neck cancer. Eur J Cancer 2001, 37:332-339.
47. Juni P., Witschi A., Bloch R., Egger M. The hazards of scoring the quality of clinical trials for meta-analysis. J Am Med Assoc 1999, 282:1054-1060.
48. Ream E., Richardson A., Alexander-Dann C. Supportive interventions for fatigue in patients undergoing chemotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2006, 31:148-161.
49. Akechi T., Okamura T., Furukawa T.A., Nishiwaki Y., Uchimoto Y. Psychosocial factors and survival after diagnosis of inoperable non-small lung cancer. Psychooncology 2009, 18:23-29.
50. Allison P.J., Guichard C., Fung K., Gilain L. Dispositional optimism predicts survival status 1 year after diagnosis in head and neck cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2003, 21:543-548.
51. Ben-Schlomo Y., Smith G.D., Shipley M., Marmot M.G. Magnitude and causes of mortality differences between married and unmarried men. J Epidemiol Community Health 1993, 47:200-205.
52. Broers S., Hengeveld M.W., Kaptein A.A., Cessie S.L., van de Loo F., de Vries T. Are pretransplant psychological variables related to survival after bone marrow transplantation? A prospective study of 123 consecutive patients. J Psychosom Res 1998, 45:341-351.
53. Burns C.M., Craft P.S., Roder D.M. Does emotional support influence survival? Findings from a longitudinal study of patients with advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer 2005, 13:295-302.
54. Butow P.N., Coates A.S., Dunn S.M. Psychosocial predictors of survival in metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 1999, 17:2256-2263.
55. Butow P.N., Coates A.S., Dunn S.M. Psychosocial predictors of survival: metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2000, 11:469-474.
56. Chang S.M., Barker F.G. Marital status, treatment, and survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: a population based study. Cancer 2005, 104:1975-1984.
57. Chung M.H., Chao T.Y., Chou K.R., Lee H.L. Health-promoting lifestyle factors of cancer survivors in Taiwan. Cancer Nurs 2009, 32:E8-E14.
58. Colón E.A., Callies A.L., Popkin M.K., McGlave P.B. Depressed mood and other variables related to bone marrow transplant survival in acute leukaemia. Psychosomatics 1991, 32:420-425.
59. Cousson-Gélie F., Irachabal S., Bruchon-Schweitzer M., Dilhuydy J.M., Kakdja F. Dimensions of cancer locus of control scale as predictors of psychological adjustment and survival in breast cancer patients. Psychol Rep 2006, 97:699-711.
60. Ehlers SL. Effects of depression and substance use on head and neck cancer mortality. Unpublished dissertation. University of Iowa; 2000.
61. Forsén A. Psychosocial stress as a risk for breast cancer. Psychother Psychosom 1991, 55:176-185.
62. Foster L.W., McLellan L.J., Rybicki L.A. Survival of patients who have undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: the relative importance of in-hospital lay care-partner support. J Psychosoc Oncol 2004, 22:1-20.
63. Frick E., Motzke C., Fischer N., Busch R., Bumeder I. Is perceived social support a predictor of survival for patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation?. Psychooncology 2005, 14:759-770.
64. Gajalakshmi C.K., Shanta V., Swaminathan R., Sankaranarayanan R., Black R.J. A population-based survival study on female breast cancer in Madras, India. Br J Cancer 1997, 75:771-775.
65. Ganz P.A., Lee J.J., Siau J. Quality of life assessment: an independent prognostic variable for survival in lung cancer. Cancer 1991, 67:3131-3135.
66. Ghori F.Y., Gutterman-Litofsky D.R., Jamal A., Yeung S.C., Arem R., Sherman S.I. Socioeconomic factors and the presentation, management, and outcome of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2002, 12:1009-1016.
67. Gilliland F.D., Hunt W.C., Morris D.M., Key C.R. Prognostic factors for thyroid carcinoma. A population-based study of 15,698 cases from surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER) program 1973-1991. Cancer 1997, 79:564-573.
68. Giraldi T., Rodani M., Cartei G., Grassi L. Psychosocial factors and breast cancer: a 6-year Italian follow-up study. Psychother Psychosom 1997, 66:229-236.
69. Goodwin J.S., Samet J.M., Hunt W.C. Determinants of survival in older cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996, 88:1031-1038.
70. Gore J.L., Kwan L., Saigal C.S., Litwin M.S. Marriage and mortality in bladder carcinoma. Cancer 2005, 104:1188-1194.
71. Grulke N., Bailer H., Hertenstein B., et al. Coping and survival in patients with leukemia undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation-long-term follow-up of a prospective study. J Psychosom Res 2005, 59:337-346.
72. Hall S.E., Holman C.D., Platell C., Sheiner H., Threfall T., Semmens J. Colorectal cancer surgical care and survival: do private health insurance, socioeconomic and locational status make a difference?. ANZ J Surg 2005, 75:929-935.
73. Harvei S., Kravdahl O. The importance of marital and socioeconomic status in incidence and survival of prostate cancer. An analysis of complete Norwegian birth cohorts. Prev Med 1997, 26:623-632.
74. Herndon J.E., Fleishman S., Kornbluth A.B., Green M.R., Holland J. Is quality of life predictive of the survival of patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma?. Cancer 1999, 85:333-340.
75. Iwasaki M., Otami T., Sunaga R., et al. Social networks and mortality based on the Komo-Ise cohort study in Japan. Int J Epidemiol 2002, 31:1208-1218.
76. Jaffe D.H., Manor O., Eisenbach Z., Neumark Y.D. The protective effect of marriage on mortality in a dynamic society. Ann Epidemiol 2006, 17:540-547.
77. Jatoi A., Novotny P., Cassivi S., et al. Does marital status impact survival and quality of life in patients with non-small cell lung cancer? Observations from the Mayo clinic lung cancer cohort. Oncologist 2007, 12:1456-1463.
78. Johansen C., Schou G., Soll-Johanning H., Mellemgaard A., Lynge E. Influence of marital status on survival from colon and rectal cancer in Denmark. Br J Cancer 1996, 74:985-988.
79. Karvonen-Gutierrez C.A., Ronis D.L., Fowler K.E., Terrell J.E., Gruber S.B., Duffy S.A. Quality of life scores predict survival among patients with head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26:2754-2760.
80. Kato I., Tominaga S., Ikari A. The role of socioeconomic factors in the survival of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1992, 22:270-277.
81. Konski A.A., Pajak T.F., Movsas B., et al. Disadvantage of men living alone participating in Radiation Therapy Oncology Group radiation therapy oncology group head and neck trials. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24:4177-4183.
82. Kravdal O. The impact of marital status on cancer survival. Soc Sci Med 2001, 52:357-368.
83. Kravdal O. Children, family and cancer survival in Norway. Int J Cancer 2003, 105:261-266.
84. Krongard A., Lai H., Burke M.A., Goodkin K., Lai S. Marriage and mortality in prostate cancer. J Urol 1996, 156:1696-1700.
85. Krongard A., Lai H., Lai S. Variation in prostate cancer survival explained by significant prognostic factors. J Urol 1997, 158:1487-1490.
86. Lehto U.S., Ojanen M., Dyba T., Aromaa A., Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P. Baseline psychosocial predictors of survival in localized breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2006, 94:1245-1252.
87. LeMarchand L., Kolonel L.N., Nomura A.M. Relationship of ethnicity and other prognostic factors in breast cancer survival patterns in Hawaii. J Natl Cancer Inst 1984, 73:1259-1265.
88. Maunsell E., Brisson J., Deschenes L. Social support and survival among women with breast cancer. Cancer 1995, 76:631-637.
89. Murphy M., Goldblatt P., Thornton-Jones H., Silcocks P. Survival among women with cancer of the uterine cervix: influence of marital status and social class. J Epidemiol Community Health 1990, 44:293-296.
90. Nakaya N., Hansen P.E., Schapiro I.R., et al. Personality traits and cancer survival: a Danish cohort study. Br J Cancer 2006, 95:146-152.
91. Naughton M.J., Hendron J.E., Miller A.A., Kornblith A.B., Chao D., Holland J. The health-related quality of life and survival of small-cell lung cancer patients: results of a companion study to CALGB 9033. Qual Life Res 2002, 11:235-248.
92. Neale A.V. Racial and marital status influences on 10 year survival from breast cancer. J Clin Epidemiol 1994, 47:475-483.
93. Osborne R.H., Sali A., Aaronson N.K., Elsworth G.R., Mdzewski B., Sinclair A.J. Immune function and adjustment style: do they predict survival in breast cancer?. Psychooncology 2004, 13:199-210.
94. Ou S.H., Ziogas A., Zell J.A. Prognostic factors for survival in extensive state small cell lung cancer: the importance of smoking history, socioeconomic and marital statuses, and ethnicity. J Thorac Oncol 2009, 4:37-43.
95. Phillips K.A., Osborne R.H., Giles G.G., et al. Psychosocial factors and survival of young women with breast cancer: a population-based prospective cohort study. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26:4666-4671.
96. Prieto J.M., Atala J., Blanch E., et al. Role of depression as a predictor of mortality among cancer patients after stem-cell transplantation. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23:6063-6071.
97. Reid B.C., Alberg A.J., Klassen A.C., et al. Comorbidity and survival of elderly head and neck carcinoma patients. Cancer 2001, 92:2109-2116.
98. Reynolds P., Kaplan G.A. Social connections and risk for cancer: prospective evidence from the Alameda County study. Behav Med 1990, 16:101-110.
99. Reynolds P., Hurley S., Torres M., Jackson J., Boyd P., Chen V.W. Use of coping strategies and breast cancer survival: results from the Black/White Cancer Survival Study. Am J Epidemiol 2000, 152:940-949.
100. Richardson J.L., Shelton D.R., Krailo M., Levine A.M. The effect of compliance with treatment on survival among patients with haematological malignancies. J Clin Oncol 1990, 8:356-364.
101. Ringdal G.I., Gotestam K.G., Kaasa S., Kvinnsland S., Ringdahl K. Prognostic factors and survival in a heterogeneous sample of cancer patients. Br J Cancer 1996, 73:1594-1599.
102. Ross L, Fredricksen K, Boesen SH, et al. No effect on survival of home psychosocial intervention in a randomized study of Danish colorectal cancer patients. Psychooncology, in press.
103. Saito-Nakaya K., Nakaya N., Fujimori M., et al. Marital status, social support, and survival after curative resection in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2006, 97:206-213.
104. Saito-Nakaya K., Nakaya N., Akechi T., et al. Marital status and non-small lung cancer survival: The Lung Cancer Database Project in Japan. Psychooncology 2008, 17:869-876.
105. Sakauchi F. Marital status and having children and mortality in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer (JACC). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2007, 8(Suppl.):123-128.
106. Sehlen S., Lenk M., Hollenhorst H., et al. Quality of life (QoL) as predictive mediator variable for survival in patients with intracerebral neoplasma during radiotherapy. Onkologie 2003, 26:38-43.
107. Soler-Vila H., Kasl S.V., Jones B.A. Prognostic significance of psychosocial factors in African-American and white breast cancer patients: a population-based study. Cancer 2003, 98:1299-1308.
108. Stavratsky K.L., Donner A.P., Kincade J.E., Stewart M.A. The effect of psychosocial factors on lung cancer mortality at one year. J Clin Epidemiol 1988, 41:75-82.
109. Strand B.H., Kunst A., Huisman M., Menvielle G., Glickman M., Bopp M. The reversed social gradient: higher breast cancer mortality in the higher educated compared to lower educated: a comparison of 11 European populations during the 1990s. Eur J Cancer 2006, 43:1200-1207.
110. Studzinski Z., Zajewski W. Factors affecting the survival of 121 patients treated for endometrial carcinoma at a Polish hospital. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2003, 267:145-147.
111. Tominaga K., Andow J., Koyama Y., et al. Family environment, hobbies and habits as psychosocial predictors of survival for surgically treated patients with breast cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1998, 28:36-41.
112. Tschuschke V., Hertenstein B., Arnold R., Bunjes D., Denzinger R., Kaechele H. Associations between coping and survival time of adult leukemia patients receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: Results of a prospective study. J Psychosom Res 2001, 50:277-285.
113. Weihs K.L., Simmens S.L., Mizrahi J., Enright T.M., Hunt M.E., Siegel R.S. Dependable social relationships predict overall survival in stages II and II breast carcinoma patients. J Psychosom Res 2005, 59:299-306.
114. Welin L., Larsson B., Svärdsudd K., Tibblin B., Tibbin G. Social network and activities in relation to mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer and other causes: a 12-year follow-up of the study of men born in 1913 and 1923. J Epidemiol Community Health 1992, 46:127-132.
115. Wojicik B.E., Spinks M.K., Optenberg S.A. Breast carcinoma survival analysis for African American and white women in an equal-access health care system. Cancer 1998, 82:1310-1318.
116. Wong Y.T.K., Tsai W.C., Lin J.C., et al. Socio-demographic factors in the prognosis of oral cancer patients. Oral Oncol 2006, 42:893-906.
117. Wrensch M., Rice T., Miike R., et al. Diagnostic, treatment, and demographic factors influencing survival in a population-based study of adult glioma patients in the San Francisco Bay Area. Neuro-oncol 2006, 8:12-26.
118. Yeole B.B., Sankakanarayanan R., Sunny M.S., Swaminathan R., Parkin D.M. Survival from head and neck cancer in Mumbai (Bombay), India. Cancer 2000, 89:437-444.
119. Lipsey M.W., Wilson D.B. Practical meta-analysis 2001, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
120. Hedges L.V., Vevea J.L. Fixed- and random-effects models in meta-analysis. Psychol Methods 1998, 3:486-504.
121. Parmar M.B., Torri V., Stewart L. Extracting summary statistics to perform meta-analyses of the published literature for survival endpoints. Stat Med 1998, 17:2815-2834.
122. Raudenbush S.W. Random effects models. The handbook of research synthesis 1994, 301-321. Sage, New York. C. Cooper, L.V. Hedges (Eds.).
123. Sherbourne C.S., Stewart A.L. The MOS social support survey. Soc Sci Med 1991, 323:705-714.
124. Berkman L.F., Syme S.L. Social networks, host residence, and mortality: a nine-year follow up of the Alameda County residents. Am J Epidemiol 1979, 109:186-204.
125. Plikert G., Côté R.R., Wellman B. It's not who you know, it's how you know them: who exchanges what with whom?. Netw Anal 2007, 29:405-429.
126. Liebler C.A., Sandefur G.D. Gender differences in the exchange of social support with friends, neighbors, and co-workers at midlife. Soc Sci Res 2002, 31:364-391.
127. Rutledge T., Matthews K., Lui L.Y., Stone K.L., Cauley J.A. Social networks and marital status predict mortality in older women. Psychosom Med 2003, 65:688-694.
128. Allen J.D., Sorensen G., Stoddard A.M., Peterson K.E., Colditz G. The relationship between social network characteristics and breast cancer screening practices among employed women. Ann Behav Med 1999, 21:193-200.
129. Ransom S., Sacco W.P., Weitzner M.A., Azzarello L.M., McMillan S.C. Interpersonal factors predict increased desire for hastened death in late-stage cancer patients. Ann Behav Med 2006, 31:63-69.
130. Kelly B., Burnett P., Pelusi D., Badger S., Varghese F., Robertson M. Terminally ill cancer patients' wish to hasten death. Palliat Med 2002, 16:339-345.