Snag frequency, diameter and species distribution and input rate in Newfoundland boreal forests

Forestry

Volumn 83, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 229-244

  Moroni, M T ^a,b   Harris, D D ^a  

^a LAURENTIAN FORESTRY CENTRE   (Canada)

^b FORESTRY TASMANIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOREAL FOREST; COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY; CONIFEROUS FOREST; DIAMETER; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; HEIGHT; MORTALITY; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; SNAG; THINNING;

CANADA; NEWFOUNDLAND; NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR;

ABIES; ABIES BALSAMEA; PICEA; PICEA MARIANA;

EID: 77955002900     PISSN: 0015752X     EISSN: 14643626     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/forestry/cpp027     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Ahti, T., Hamet-ahti, L. and Jalas, J. 1968 Vegetation zones and their sections in northwestern Europe. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 5, 169-211.
2. Begin, E., Begin, J., Belanger, L., Rivest, L. and Tremblay, S. 2001 Balsam fir self-thinning relationship and its constancy among different ecological regions. Can. J. For. Res. 31, 950-959.
3. Berg, B. 1984 Decomposition of root litter and some factors regulating the process: long term root decomposition in a Scots pine forest. Soil Biol. Biochem. 16, 609-618.
4. Bock, C.E. and Bock, J.H. 1974 On the geographical ecology and evolution of the three-toed woodpeckers, Picoides tridactylus and P. arcticus. Am. Midl. Nat. 92, 397-405.
5. Boulanger, Y. and Sirois, L. 2006 Postfire dynamics of black spruce coarse woody debris in northern boreal forest of Quebec. Can. J. For. Res. 36, 1770-1780.
6. Broders, H.G. and Forbes, G.J. 2004 Interspecific and intersexual variation in root-site selection of northern long-eared and little brown bats in the Greater Fundy National Park ecosystem. J. Wildl. Manage. 68, 602-610.
7. Bull, E. 1983 Longevity of snags and their use by woodpeckers. In Proceedings of a Snag Habitat Management Symposium. J.W. Davis, G.A. Goodwin and R.A. Ockenfels (eds). United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report, Rocky Mountains Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ, pp. 167-184.
8. Burns, R.M. and Honkala, B.M. (Technical Coordinators). 1990 Silvics of North America: 1. Conifers; 2. Hardwoods. Agriculture Handbook 654, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC. vol.2, 877 pp.
9. Clark, D.F., Kneeshaw, D.D., Burton, P.J. and Antos, J.A. 1998 Coarse woody debris in sub-boreal spruce forests of west- central British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 28, 284-290.
10. Ecoregions Working Group. 1989 Ecoclimatic Regions of Canada: First Approximation. Ecoregions Working Group, Canada Committee on Ecological Land Classification. Sustainable Development Branch, Canadian Wildlife Service, ottawa, ontario, Canada. Report and national map at 1: 7 500 000 scale. Ecological Land Classification Series, No.23.
11. Eid, T. and Tuhus, E. 2001 Models for individual tree mortality in Norway. For. Ecol. Manage. 154, 69-84.
12. Everett, R., Lehmkuhl, J., Schellhaas, R., ohlson, P., Keenum, D., Riesterer, H. et al. 1999 Snag dynamics in a chronosequence of 26 wildfires on the east slope of the Cascade Range in Washington State. USA. Int. J. Wildl. Fire. 9, 223-234.
13. Ferguson, S.H. and Elkie, P.C. 2003 Snag abundance, 20, 30, and 40 years following fire and harvesting in boreal forests. For. Chron. 79, 541-549.
14. Forsey, o., Bissonette, J., Brazil, J., Curnew, K., Lemon, J., Mayo, L. et al. 1995 National Recovery Plan for Newfoundland Marten. Rep. No.14, Recovery of National Endangered Wildlife Committee, ottawa, oN, Canada.
15. Foster, J.R. and Lang, G.E. 1982 Decomposition of red spruce and balsam fir boles in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Can. J. For. Res. 12, 617-626.
16. Garber, S.M., Brown, J.P., Wilson, D.S., Maguire, D.A. and Heath, L.S. 2005 Snag longevity under alternative silvicultural regimes in mixed-species forests of central Maine. Can. J. For. Res. 35, 787-796.
17. Greif, G.E. and Archibold, o.W. 2000 Standing-dead tree component of the boreal forest in central Saskatchewan. For. Ecol. Manage. 131, 37-46.
18. Hagemann, U., Moroni, M.T. and Makeschin, F. 2009 Dead wood abundance in Labrador high-boreal black spruce forests. Can. J. For. Res. 39, 131-142.
19. Hamet-ahti, L., Ahti, T. and Koponen, T. 1974 A scheme of vegetation zones for Japan and adjacent regions. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 11, 59-88.
20. Harmon, M.E., Krankina, o.N. and Sexton, J. 2000 Decomposition vectors: a new approach to estimating woody detritus decomposition dynamics. Can. J. For. Res. 30, 76-84.
21. Harmon, M.E., Franklin, J.F., Swanson, F.J., Sollins, P., Gregory, S.V., Lattin, J.D. et al. 2004 Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Adv. Ecol. Res. 34, 59-234.
22. Hayward, G.D. and Hayward, P.H. 1993 Boreal owl (Aegolius funereus). No.63. In The Birds of North America. A. Poole and F. Gill (eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, The American Ornithologists Union, Washington, DC.
23. Hely, C., Bergeron, Y. and Flannigan, M.D. 2000 Coarse woody debris in the southeastern Canadian boreal forest: composition and load variations in relation to stand replacement. Can. J. For. Res. 30, 674-687.
24. Howard, E.A., Gower, S.T., Foley, J.A. and Kucharik, C.J. 2004 Effects of logging on carbon dynamics of a jack pine forest in Saskatchewan, Canada. Global Change Biol. 10, 1267-1284.
25. Hudak, J. 1996 The Eastern Hemlock Looper, Lambdina fiscel- laria (Guen.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Newfoundland, 1983-1995. Nat. Res. Can., Can. For. Serv.-Atl. For. Ctr. Inf. Rep. N-X-302, Corner Brook, Newfoundland, Canada.
26. Hudak, J. and Raske, A.G. 1981 Review of the Spruce Budworm Outbreaks in Newfoundland-Its Control and Forest Management Implications. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Center, Information Report N-X- 205, Corner Brook, NL.
27. Hunter, M.L. 1990 Wildlife, Forests and Forestry: Principles of Managing Forests for Biological Diversity. Prentice Hall, Engle- wood Cliffs, NJ.
28. Imbeau, L., Monkkonen, M. and Desrochers, A. 2001 Long-term effects of forestry on birds of the eastern Canadian boreal forests: a comparison with Fennoscandia. Conserv. Biol. 15, 1151-1162.
29. Karsh, M.B., Lavigne, M.B. and Donnelly, J.G. 1994 Growth Responses of the Balsam Fir and Black Spruce Spacing Trials. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Center, Information Report N-X-291, Frederic- ton, New Brunswick, Canada.
30. Krankina, O.N. and Harmon, M.E. 1994 The impact of intensive forest management on carbon stores in forest ecosystems. World Res. Rev. 6, 161-177.
31. Kurz, W.A. and Apps, M.J. 1993 Contribution of northern forests to the global C cycle: Canada as a case study. Water Air Soil Pollut. 70, 163-176.
32. Lee, P. 1998 Dynamics of snags in aspen-dominated midboreal forests. For. Eco. Manage. 105, 263-272.
33. Lee, P.C., Crites, S., Nietfeld, M., Van Nguyen, H. and Stelfox, J.B. 1997 Characteristics and origins of dead wood material in aspen-dominated boreal forests. Ecol. Appl. 7, 691-701.
34. Martin, K., Aitken, K.E.H. and Wiebe, K.L. 2004 Nest sites and nest webs for cavity-nesting communities in the interior British Columbia Canada: nest characteristics and niche partitioning. Condor. 106, 5-19.
35. McArthur, J.D. 1965 A release experiment in dense ten-year-old balsam fir in Gaspe. Pulp Pap. Mag. Can. 66, 395-400.
36. McCarthy, J.W. and Weetman, G. 2007 Self-thinning dynamics in balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) insect-mediated boreal forest chronosequence. For. Ecol. Manage. 241, 295-309.
37. Meades, W.J. and Moores, L. 1994 Forest Site Classification Manual: A Field Guide to the Damman Forest Types of Newfoundland. 2nd edn. Newfoundland Forest Resource Development Agreement, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, FRDA Report No. 003.
38. Moorman, C.E., Russell, K.R., Sabin, G.R. and Guynn, D.C. Jr 1999 Snag dynamics and cavity occurrence in the South Carolina Piedmont. For. Ecol. Manage. 118, 37-48.
39. Moroni, M.T. 2006 Disturbance history affects dead wood abundance in Newfoundland boreal forests. Can. J. For. Res. 36, 3194-3208.
40. Moroni, M.T., Smeaton, C.M. and Pike, B. 2005 Litter Decomposition, Biomass, and Nutrient Content in Western Newfoundland Balsam-fir Forests. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Center, Information Report M-X-217, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.
41. Mosseler, A., Lynds, J.A. and Major, J.E. 2003 Old-growth forests of the Acadian Forest Region. Environ. Rev. 11, S47-S77.
42. Neitro, W.A., Binkley, V.W., Cline, S.P., Mannan, R.W., Marcot, B.G., Taylor, D. et al. 1985 Snags wildlife trees. In Management of Wildlife and Fish Habitats in Forests of Western Oregon and Washington. E.R. Brown (ed). US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. Pulb. R6-F & WL-192-1985.
43. Newfoundland Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods. 1998 20-Year Forestry Development Plan 1996-2015. NLD- FRA, Nfld. For. Serv., St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
44. Payer, D.C. and Harrison, D.J. 2002 Influence of forest structure on habitat use by American marten in an industrial forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 6123, 1-12.
45. Piene, H. 1981 Early Growth Responses to Operational Spacing in Young Balsam Fir Stands on the Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Center, Information Report M-X-125, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. 29 pp.
46. Pothier, D. 2002 Twenty-year results of precommercial thinning in a balsam fir stand. For. Ecol. Manage. 168, 177-186.
47. Raulier, F., Pothier, D. and Bernier, P.Y. 2003 Predicting the effect of thinning on growth of dense balsam fir stands using a process-based tree growth model. Can. J. For. Res. 33, 509-520.
48. Remm, J., Lohmus, A. and Remm, K. 2006 Tree cavities in riverine forests: what determines their occurrence and use by hole- nesting passerines? For. Ecol. Manage. 221, 267-277.
49. Setterington, M.A., Thompson, I.D. and Montevecchi, W.A. 2000 Woodpecker abundance and habitat use in mature balsam fir forests in Newfoundland. J. Wildl. Manage. 64, 335-345.
50. Siccama, T.G., Fahey, T.J., Johnson, C.E., Sherry, T.W., Denny, E.G., Girdler, E.B. et al. 2007 Population and biomass dynamics of tree in a northern hardwood forest at Hubbard Brook. Can. J. For. Res. 37, 737-749.
51. Simon, N.P.P., Schwab, F.E. and Diamond, A.W. 2000 Patterns of breeding bird abundance in relation to logging in western Labrador. Can. J. For. Res 30, 257-263.
52. Smith, C.Y., Moroni, M.T. and Warkentin, I.G. 2009 Snag dynamics in post-harvest landscapes of western Newfoundland balsam fir-dominated boreal forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 258, 832-839.
53. Smith, C.Y., Warkentin, I.G. and Moroni, M.T. 2008 Snag availability for cavity nesters across a chronosequence of post-harvest landscapes in western Newfoundland. For. Ecol. Manage. 256, 641-647.
54. Storaunet, K.O. 2004 Models to predict time since death of Picea abies snags. Scand. J. For. Res. 19, 250-260.
55. Sturtevant, B.R., Bissonette, J.A., Long, J.N. and Roberts, D.W. 1997 Coarse woody debris as a function of age, stand structure, and disturbance in boreal Newfoundland. Ecol. Appl. 7, 702-712.
56. Swallow, S.K., Gutierrez, R.J. and Howard, R.A. Jr 1986 Primary cavity-site selection by birds. J. Wildl. Manage. 50, 576-583.
57. Taylor, S.L. and MacLean, D.A. 2007 Dead wood dynamics in declining balsam fir and spruce in New Brunswick, Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 37, 750-762.
58. Thompson, I.D. and Harestad, A.S. 1994 Effect of logging on American martens, and models for habitat management. In Martens, Sables and Fishers: Biology and Conservation. S.W. Buskirk, A.S. Harestad, M.G. Raphael and R.A. Powell (eds). Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. pp. 355-367.
59. Thompson, I.D., Larson, D.J. and Montevecchi, W.A. 2003 Characterization of old "wet boreal" forests, with an example from balsam fir forests of western Newfoundland. Environ. Rev. 11, S23-S46.
60. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN- FCCC). 2009 UNFCCC Homepage. http://unfccc.int/2860.php (accessed on July, 2009).
61. Vanderwel, M.C., Caspersen, J.P. and Woods, M.E. 2006 Snag dynamics in partially harvested and unmanaged northern hardwood forests. Can. J. For. Res. 36, 2769-2779.
62. Vanguard Forest Management Services. 1992 Final Report, Recommendations on Permanent Sampling Systems for Newfoundland. Vanguard Forest Management Services Ltd., Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.
63. Wilton, W.C. and Evans, C.H. 1974 Newfoundland Forest Fire History 1619-1960. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Center, Information Report N-X-116, Corner Brook, NL, Canada.
64. Wood, C.J. 1995 Understanding wind forces on trees. In Wind and Tree. M.P. Coutts and J. Grace (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
65. Zielonka, T. 2006 Quantity and decay stages of coarse woody debris in old-growth subalpine spruce forests of the western Carpathians. Poland. Can. J. For. Res. 36, 2614-2622.
66. Zielonka, T. and Niklasson, M. 2001 Dynamics of dead wood and regeneration pattern in natural spruce forest in the Tatra Mountains. Poland. Ecol. Bull. 49, 159-163.