The animal within: Carcinogenesis and the clonal evolution of cancer cells are speciation events sensu stricto

Evolution

Volumn 64, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 1173-1183

  Vincent, Mark D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cancer; Drug resistance; Mutator phenotype; Speciation; Tumor biology

Indexed keywords

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION; CANCER; CARCINOGEN; DRUG RESISTANCE; GENETIC VARIATION; GENOTYPE; HERITABILITY; NATURAL SELECTION; PHENOTYPE; SPECIATION (BIOLOGY); TUMOR;

ANIMALIA; METAZOA;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION; BACTERIUM; GENETICS; HUMAN; NEOPLASM; PATHOLOGY; SPECIES DIFFERENTIATION;

ANIMALS; BACTERIA; GENETIC SPECIATION; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; REPRODUCTION, ASEXUAL;

EID: 77954976912     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: 15585646     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00942.x     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Bielas J H, Loeb K R, Rubin B P, True L D, Loeb L A. Human cancer express a mutator phenotype. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103:18238-18242.
2. Bodmer W. Genetic instability is not a requirement for tumor development. Cancer Res. 2008, 68:3558-3561.
3. Boman B M E, Wicka M S. Cancer stem cells: a step towards the cure. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008, 17:2795-2799.
4. Boveri T. Regarding the question of the development of malignant tumours 1914, (originally German - Zur frage der entstehung maligner tumoren), Gustav Fischer, Jena, Germany
5. Bristow R G, Hill R P. Hypoxia, DNA repair and genetic instability. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2008, 8:180-192.
6. Cohan F M. What are bacterial species?. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 2002, 56:457-487.
7. Conant R, Collins J T. Reptiles and amphibians. Eastern and Central North America 2003, Houghton Miffin Co., New York
8. Dacks J B, Walker G, Field M C. Implications of the new eukaryotic systematics for parasitologists. Parasitol. Int. 2008, 57:97-104.
9. Darwin C. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life 1859, John Murray, Lond
10. de Aguiar M A M, Baranger M, Baptestini E M, Kaufman L, Bar-Yam Y. Global patterns of speciation and diversity. Nature 2009, 460:385-388.
11. de Queiroz K. Ernst Mayr and the modern concept of species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 1023:6600-6607.
12. de Queiroz K. Species concepts and species delimitation. Syst. Biol. 2007, 56:879-886.
13. Dey A, Verma C S, Lane D P. Updates on p53: modulation of p53 degradation as a therapeutic approach. Br. J. Cancer 2008, 98:4-8.
14. Dingle D, Nowak M A. Cancer biology: infectious tumour cells. Nature 2006, 443:35-436.
15. Doolittle W F, Papke R T. Genomics and the bacterial species problem. Genome Biol. 2006, 7:116.
16. Duesberg P, Rasnick D. Aneuploidy, the somatic mutation that makes cancer a species of its own. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2000, 47:81-107.
17. Eldridge N, Gould S J. Punctuated equilibrium: an alternative to phyletic gradualism. Models in paleobiology 1972, 82-115. Schopf T J M, ed, Freeman, Cooper, San Francisco
18. Farnie G, Clarke R B. Mammary stem cells and breast cancer - role of Notch signalling. Stem. Cell. Rev. 2007, 3:169-175.
19. Frank U. The evolution of a malignant dog. Evol. Dev. 2007, 9:521-522.
20. Fraser C, Hanage W P, Spratt B G. Recombination and the nature of bacterial speciation. Science 2007, 315:476-480.
21. Locke John. An essay concerning human understanding. 1959, Frazer A C. ed., by, Dover Publications, New York
22. Gatenby R A, Vincent T L. An evolutionary model of carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 2003, 63:6212-6220.
23. Gray M W, Lang B F, Burger G. Mitochondria of protists. Ann. Rev. Genet. 2004, 38:477-524.
24. Greaves M. Cancer. The evolutionary legacy 2000, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford
25. Hanahan D, Weinberg R A. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000, 100:57-70.
26. Hill R P. Identifying cancer stem cells in solid tumors: case not proven. Cancer Res. 2006, 66:1891-1895.
27. Huxley J. Cancer biology: comparative and genetic. Biol. Rev. 1956, 31:474-514.
28. Jiang S X, Yamashita K, Yamamoto M, Piao C J, Umezawa A, Saegusa M, Yoshida T, Katagiri M, Masuda N, Hayakawa K. EGFR genetic heterogeneity of nonsmall cell lung cancers contributing to acquired getifinib resistance. Int. J. Cancer 2008, 123:2480-2486.
29. Kakarala M, Wiebe M S. Implications of the cancer stem cell hypothesis for breast cancer prevention and therapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008, 17:2813-2820.
30. Klein C A, Schmidt-Kittler O, Schardt J A, Pantel K, Speicher M R, Riethmuller G L. Comparative genomic hybridization, loss of heterozygosity, and DNA sequence analysis of single cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96:4494-4499.
31. Koeppel A, Perry E B, Sikorski J, Krizanc D, Warner A, Ward D M, Rooney A P, Brambilla E, Connor N, Ratcliff R M. Identifying fundamental units of bacterial diversity a paradigm shift to incorporate ecology into bacterial systematics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105:2504-2509.
32. Kostantinidis K T, Tiedje J M. Genomic insight that advance the species definition for prokaryotes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 102:2567-2572.
33. Krebs H. Otto Warburg. Cell physiologist, biochemist and eccentric 1981, Clarendon Press, Oxford
34. Kutschera U, Niclas K J. The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis. Naturwissenschafter 2004, 91:255-276.
35. Lai E C. Notch signaling: control of cell communication and cell fate. Development 2004, 131:965-973.
36. Lan R, Reeves P R. When does a clone deserve a name? A perspective on bacterial species based on population genetics. Trends Microbiol. 2001, 9:419-424.
37. Loeb L A, Bielas J H, Beckman R A. Cancers exhibit a mutator phenotype: clinical implications. Cancer Res. 2008, 68:23551-23557.
38. Lynch H T, Lynch J F, Lynch P M, +Allard T. Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes: molecular genetics, genetic counselling, diagnosis and management. Fam Cancer 2008, 7:27-39.
39. Maitland N J, Collins A T. Prostate cancer stem cells: a new target for therapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008, 26:2862-2870.
40. Mayden R L. A hierarchy of species concepts: the denouement in the saga of the species problem. Species: the units of biodiversity 1997, 380-424. Claridge M FDawah H AWilson M R. eds, Chapman and Hall Ltd., Lond
41. Mayr E. Systematics and the origin of species 1942, Columbia Univ. Press, New York
42. Merlo L M F, Pepper J W, Reid B J, Maley C C. Cancer as an evolutionary and ecological process. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2006, 6:924-935.
43. Mimeault M, Hanke R, Batner S K. Recent advances on the molecular mechanisms involved in the drug resistance of cancer cells and novel targeting therapies. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2008, 83:673-691.
44. Moreno E. Is cell competition relevant to cancer?. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2008, 8:142-147.
45. Murgia C, Pritchard J K, Kim S Y, Fassati A, Weiss R A. Clonal origin and evolution of a transmissible cancer. Cell 2006, 126:477-487.
46. Nowak M A. Evolutionary dynamics of cancer. Evolutionary dynamics exploring the equations of life 2006, 209-48. Nowak M A. ed, Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA, and, Lond., UK
47. Nowell P C. The clonal evolution of tumour cell populations. Science 1976, 194:23-28.
48. Pearse A M, Swift K. Allograft theory: transmission of devil facial-tumour disease. Nature 2006, 439:549.
49. Pearson R D. Tumourigenesis: the subterfuge of selection. Acta. Biother. 1981, 30:171-176.
50. Pouchkina-Stantcheva N N, McGee B M, Boschetti C, Tolleter D, Chakrabortee S, Popova A V, Meersman F, Macherel D, Hincha D K, Tunnacliffe A. Functional divergence of former alleles in an ancient asexual invertebrate. Science 2007, 318:268-271.
51. Prochownik E V. C-Myc: linking transformation and genomic instability. Curr. Mol. Med. 2008, 8:446-458.
52. Rebbeck C A, Thomas R, Breen M, Leroi A M, Burt A. Origins and evolution of a transmissible cancer. Evolution 2009, 63:2340-2349.
53. Rivera M, Lake J. The ring of life provides evidence for a genome fusion origin of eukaryotes. Nature 2004, 431:152-155.
54. Rokas A. The origins of multicellularity and the early history of the gentic toolkit for animal development. Ann. Rev. Genet. 2008, 42:235-251.
55. Rossello'-Mora R, Amann R. The species concept for prokaryotes. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2001, 25:39-67.
56. Rubin L L, de Sauvage F J. Targeting the Hedgehog pathway in cancer. Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov. 2006, 5:1026-1033.
57. Sarasin A. An overview of the mechanism of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Mutat. Res. 2003, 544:99-106.
58. Sell S. Stem cell origin of cancer and differentiation therapy. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 2004, S2:1-28.
59. Simpson G G. Principles of animal taxonomy 1961, 153. Columbia Univ. Press, New York
60. Stemmler M P. Cadherins in development and cancer. Mol. Biosyst. 2008, 4:835-850.
61. Templeton A R. The meaning of species and speciation: a genetic perspective. Speciation and its consequences 1989, 3-27. Otte DEndler J A. ds, Sinauer Associates, Inc, Sunderland, MA
62. Tyzzer E E. Tumor immunity. J. Cancer Res. 1916, 1:125-155.
63. Via S. Natural selection in action during speciation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2009, 106(Suppl. 1):9939-9946.
64. Vincent M D. The definition of a neoplasm. Med. Hypotheses 1987, 24:151-160.
65. Vineis P. Cancer as an evolutionary process at the cell level: an epidemiological perspective. Carcinogenesis 2003, 24:1-6.
66. Wallace A R. On the tendency of varieties to depart indefinitely from the original type. J. Proc. The Linnaen Society: Zoology 1858, 3:53-62.
67. Wayne L G, Brenner D J, Colwell R R, Grimont P A D, Kandler O, Krichevsky M I, Moore L H, Moore W E C, Murray R G E, Stackebrandt E. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1987, 37:463-464.