Interventions to reduce the use of seclusion and restraint in inpatient psychiatric settings: What we know so far a review of the literature

International Journal of Social Psychiatry

Volumn 56, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 412-423

  Scanlan, Justin Newton ^a,b  

^a Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

aggression management; inpatient psychiatry; literature review; restraint; seclusion

Indexed keywords

AUSTRALIA; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CRISIS INTERVENTION; EDUCATION; EXERCISE; FORECASTING; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; IN SERVICE TRAINING; LEADERSHIP; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HOSPITAL; ORGANIZATION; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT PARTICIPATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UTILIZATION REVIEW;

BEHAVIOR THERAPY; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CRISIS INTERVENTION; FORECASTING; HEALTH PLAN IMPLEMENTATION; HEALTH POLICY; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HOSPITALS, PSYCHIATRIC; HUMANS; INSERVICE TRAINING; LEADERSHIP; MENTAL DISORDERS; NEW SOUTH WALES; ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION; OUTCOME AND PROCESS ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PATIENT ISOLATION; PATIENT PARTICIPATION; PROFESSIONAL-FAMILY RELATIONS; RESTRAINT, PHYSICAL; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT;

EID: 77954925943     PISSN: 00207640     EISSN: 17412854     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0020764009106630     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. Busch, A.B. & Shore, M.F. (2000) Seclusion and restraint: A review of recent literature. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 8, 261-270.
2. Carlson, J.M. & Holm, M.B. (1993) Effectiveness of occupational therapy for reducing restraint use in a psychiatric setting. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 47, 885-889.
3. Champagne, T. & Stromberg, N. (2004) Sensory approaches in inpatient psychiatric settings: Innovative alternatives to seclusion and restraint. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 42 (9). 34-44.
4. Curran, S.S. (2007) Staff resistance to restraint reduction: Identifying and overcoming barriers. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 45 (4). 45-50.
5. Delaney, K.R. (2001) Developing a restraint-reduction program for child/adolescent inpatient treatment. Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 14, 128-140.
6. Delaney, K.R. (2006) Evidence base for practice: Reduction of restraint and seclusion use during child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient treatment. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 3 (1). 19-30.
7. Dewey, K. & Brill, C. (2000) Decrease in restraint use in a study of a geropsychiatric unit. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 38 (10). 14-18.
8. Dickerson, F., Ringel, N., Parente, F. & Boronow, J. (1994) Seclusion and restraint, assaultiveness, and patient performance in a token economy. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 45, 168-170.
9. Donat, D. (1998) Impact of a mandatory behavioral consultation on seclusion/restraint utilization in a psychiatric hospital. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 29, 13-19.
10. Donat, D. (2002 a) Employing behavioral methods to improve the context of care in a public psychiatric hospital: Reducing hospital reliance on seclusion/restraint and psychotropic PRN medication. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9, 28-37.
11. Donat, D. (2002 b) Impact of improved staffing on seclusion/restraint reliance in a public psychiatric hospital. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 25, 413-416.
12. Donat, D. (2003) An analysis of successful efforts to reduce the use of seclusion and restraint at a public psychiatric hospital. Psychiatric Services, 54, 1119-1123.
13. Donovan, A., Plant, R., Peller, A., Siegel, L. & Martin, A. (2003) Two-year trends in the use of seclusion and restraint among psychiatrically hospitalized youths. Psychiatric Services, 54, 987-993.
14. Donovan, A., Siegel, L., Zera, G., Plant, R. & Martin, A. (2003) Child and adolescent psychiatry: Seclusion and restraint reform: An initiative by a child and adolescent psychiatric hospital. Psychiatric Services, 54, 958-959.
15. D'Orio, B., Purselle, D., Stevens, D. & Garlow, S. (2004) Reduction of episodes of seclusion and restraint in a psychiatric emergency service. Psychiatric Services, 55, 581-583.
16. Fisher, J.A. (2003) Curtailing the use of restraint in psychiatric settings. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 43, 69-95.
17. Fisher, W.A. (2003) Elements of successful restraint and seclusion reduction programs and their application in a large, urban, state psychiatric hospital. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 9, 7-15.
18. Forster, P., Cavness, C. & Phelps, M. (1999) Staff training decreases use of seclusion and restraint in an acute psychiatric hospital. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 13, 269-271.
19. Fralick, S. (2007) A restraint utilization project. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 31, 219-225.
20. Gaskin, C., Elsom, S. & Happell, B. (2007) Interventions for reducing the use of seclusion in psychiatric facilities: Review of the literature. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 298-303.
21. Greene, R.W., Ablon, J.S., Hassuk, B., Regan, K.M. & Martin, A. (2006) Use of collaborative problem solving to reduce seclusion and restraint in child and adolescent inpatient units. Psychiatric Services, 57, 610-612.
22. Hardesty, S., Borckardt, J.J., Hanson, R., Grubaugh, A.L., Danielson, C.K., Madan, A., Weinstein, B.L., Hogarth, C.R., Pelic, C., Hazy, J. & Shoemaker, M.L. (2007) Evaluating initiatives to reduce seclusion and restraint. Journal for Healthcare Quality, 29 (4). 46-55.
23. Hellerstein, D., Staub, A. & Lequesne, E. (2007) Decreasing the use of restraint and seclusion among psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 13, 308-317.
24. Huckshorn, K. (2004) Reducing seclusion restraint in mental health use settings: Core strategies for prevention. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 42 (9). 22-33.
25. Jonikas, J.A., Cook, J.A., Rosen, C., Laris, A. & Kim, J. (2004) Brief reports: A program to reduce use of physical restraint in psychiatric inpatient facilities. Psychiatric Services, 55, 818-820.
26. Kalogjera, I.J., Bedi, A., Watson, W.N. & Meyer, A.D. (1989) Impact of therapeutic management on use of seclusion and restraint with disruptive adolescent inpatients. Hospital & Community Psychiatry, 40, 280-285.
27. Khadivi, A.N., Patel, R.C., Atkinson, A.R. & Levine, J.M. (2004) Association between seclusion and restraint and patient-related violence. Psychiatric Services, 55, 1311-1312.
28. LeBel, J. & Goldstein, R. (2005) The economic cost of using restraint and the value added by restraint reduction or elimination. Psychiatric Services, 56, 1109-1114.
29. Lebel, J., Stromberg, N., Duckworth, K., Kerzner, J., Goldstein, R., Weeks, M., Harper, G., Laflair, L. & Sudders, M. (2004) Child and adolescent inpatient restraint reduction: A state initiative to promote strength-based care. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 37-45.
30. Lehane, M. & Rees, C. (1996) Alternatives to seclusion in psychiatric care. British Journal of Nursing, 5, 976-979.
31. LePage, J.P. (1999) The impact of a token economy on injuries and negative events on an acute psychiatric unit. Psychiatric Services, 50, 941-944.
32. Pollard, R., Yanasak, E., Rogers, S. & Tapp, A. (2007) Organizational and unit factors contributing to reduction in the use of seclusion and restraint procedures on an acute psychiatric inpatient unit. Psychiatric Quarterly, 78, 73-81.
33. Sailas, E. & Fenton, M. (2000) Seclusion and restraint for people with serious mental illnesses. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001163. DOI: 001110.001002/14651858.CD14001163.
34. Sailas, E. & Wahlbeck, K. (2005) Restraint and seclusion in psychiatric inpatient wards. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 18, 555-559.
35. Schreiner, G.M., Crafton, C.G. & Sevin, J.A. (2004) Decreasing the use of mechanical restraints and locked seclusion. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 31, 449-463.
36. Singh, N.N., Subhashini, D., Davis, C.M., Latham, L.L. & Ayers, J.G. (1999) Reconsidering the use of seclusion and restraints in inpatient child and adult psychiatry. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 8, 243-253.
37. Smith, G.M., Davis, R.H., Bixler, E.O., Lin, H.M., Altenor, A., Altenor, R.J., Hardentstine, B.D. & Kopchick, G.A. (2005) Pennsylvania State Hospital system's seclusion and restraint reduction program. Psychiatric Services, 56, 1115-1122.
38. Sullivan, D., Wallis, M. & Lloyd, C. (2004) Effects of patient-focused care on seclusion in a psychiatric intensive care unit. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 11, 503-508.
39. Taxis, J. (2002) Ethics and praxis: Alternative strategies to physical restraint and seclusion in a psychiatric setting. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 23, 157-170.
40. van Doeselaar, M., Sleegers, P. & Hutschemaekers, G. (2008) Professionals' attitudes towards reducing restraint: The case of the Netherlands. Psychiatric Quarterly, 79, 97-109.
41. Visalli, H. & McNasser, G. (1997) Striving toward a best practice model for a restraint-free environment. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 11 (6). 1-4.
42. Visalli, H. & McNasser, G. (2000) Reducing seclusion and restraint: Meeting the organizational challenge. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 14 (4). 35-44.
43. Visalli, H., McNasser, G., Johnstone, L. & Lazzaro, C.A. (1997) Reducing high-risk interventions for managing aggression in psychiatric settings. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 11 (3). 54-61.
44. Witte, L. (2008) Reducing the use of seclusion and restraint. A Michigan provider reduced its use of seclusion and restraint by 93% in one year on its child and adolescent unit. Behavioral Healthcare, 28 (4). 56-57.
45. Wynaden, D., Orb, A., McGowan, S., Castle, D., Zeeman, Z., Headford, C., Endersbee, W. & Finn, M. (2001) The use of seclusion in the year 2000: What has changed? Collegian: Journal of the Royal College of Nursing, Australia, 8 (3). 19-25.