The economic cost of using restraint and the value added by restraint reduction or elimination

Psychiatric Services

Volumn 56, Issue 9, 2005, Pages 1109-1114

  LeBel, Janice ^a   Goldstein, Robert ^b  

^a Massachusetts Department of Mental Health   (United States)

^b Synergy Consulting Associates   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF FUNCTIONING; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR CONTROL; CHILD PSYCHIATRY; COST CONTROL; DRUG COST; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH ECONOMICS; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; IMMOBILIZATION; INJURY; JOB ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENTAL PATIENT; MODEL; PATIENT CARE; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; RECIDIVISM; RESTRAINT REDUCTION; STAFF; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WORKING TIME; WORKMAN COMPENSATION;

ADOLESCENT; BURNOUT, PROFESSIONAL; COST SAVINGS; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DRUG COSTS; HOSPITALS, PSYCHIATRIC; HUMANS; MENTAL DISORDERS; OUTCOME AND PROCESS ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PATIENT CARE TEAM; PATIENT DISCHARGE; PATIENT READMISSION; PENNSYLVANIA; PERSONNEL STAFFING AND SCHEDULING; PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS; RESTRAINT, PHYSICAL;

EID: 24644523545     PISSN: 10752730     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.56.9.1109     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Weiss EM: Deadly restraint: a nationwide pattern of death. The Hartford Courant, Oct 11-15, 1998
2. Children's Health Act. PL 106-310, (codified at 42 USC 201), 2000
3. National Executive Training Institute Curriculum for the Reduction of Seclusion and Restraint. Alexandria, Va, National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors, National Technical Assistance Center for State Mental Health Planning, 2003
4. A National Call to Action: Eliminating the Use of Seclusion and Restraint. Rockville, Md, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2003
5. Hardenstine B: Leading the Way: Toward a Seclusion and Restraint-Free Environment: Pennsylvania's Success Story. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare, 2001
6. LeBel J, Stromberg N, Duckworth K, et al: Child and adolescent inpatient restraint reduction: a state initiative to promote strength-based care. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 43:37-45, 2004
7. Swett C, Michaels A, Cole J: Effects of a state law on rates of restraint on a child and adolescent unit. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 17:165-169, 1989
8. Phillips CD, Hawes C, Fries BE: Reducing the use of physical restraints in nursing homes: will it increase the costs? American Journal of Public Health 83:342-348, 1993
9. Fraser GL, Riker RR, Prato S, et al: The frequency and cost of patient-initiated device removal in the ICU. Pharmacotherapy 21:1-6, 2001
10. Lanza ML, Milner J: The dollar cost of patient assault. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 40; 1227-1229, 1989
11. Hillbrand M, Foster HG, Spitz RT: Characteristics and costs of staff injuries in a forensic hospital. Psychiatric Services 47:1123-1125, 1996
12. Hunter ME, Carmel H: The cost of staff injuries from inpatient violence. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 43:586-588, 1992
13. Hunter ME, Love CC: Total quality management and the reduction of inpatient violence and costs in a forensic hospital. Psychiatric Services 47:751-754, 1996
14. Forster PL, Cavness C, Phelps MA: Staff training decreases use of seclusion and restraint in an acute psychiatric hospital. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 13:269-271, 1999
15. National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors: Reducing the use of seclusion and restraint: finding strategies, and recommendations. Emergency Psychiatry 6:7-13, 2000
16. National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors: Position Statement on Seclusion and Restraint, 1999. Available at www.nasmhpd.org/naspos. htm
17. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services: Medicare Benefit Policy Manual. Chapter 2, Rev 1, 10-01-03: A3-3102.1, HO-212.1.A, (codified at 42 CFR 482.61), 2003
18. Jennings A: On being invisible in the mental health system. Journal of Mental Health Administration 21:374-387, 1994
19. Carmen E, Crane W, Dunnicliff M, et al: Task Force on the Restraint and Seclusion of Persons Who Have Been Physically or Sexually Abused: Report and Recommendations. Boston, Massachusetts Department of Mental Health, 1996
20. Mohr WK, Mahon Mm, Noone MJ: A restraint on restraints: the need to reconsider the use of restrictive interventions. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 12:95-106, 1998
21. Rosenberg SD, Mueser KT, Friedman MJ, et al: Developing effective treatments for posttraumatic disorders among people with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services 52:1453-1461, 2001
22. Jouanna J: Hippocrates. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999
23. Taylor FW: The Principles of Scientific Management. New York, Harper, 1923
24. Gilbreth FB: Primer of Scientific Management. Easton, Penn, Hive, 1973
25. Transportation of Mentally Ill Persons and Restraint. Commonwealth of Massachusetts General Laws, Department of Mental Health (codified at Part I, Title VII, C. 123, sec 21), 1985
26. Operational Standards for Mental Health Facilities: Restraint and Seclusion. Commonwealth of Massachusetts General Laws, Department of Mental Health Regulations (codified at 104 CMR, 27.12), 1998
27. Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Behavioral Health Care. Oakbrook Terrace, Ill, Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2003
28. Prescott L: Veterans of abuse and daughters of the dark: the politics of naming and risk of transformation in building partnerships for change. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 34:95-100, 2000