Quaternary river terraces in England: Forms, sediments and processes

Geomorphology

Volumn 120, Issue 3-4, 2010, Pages 293-311

  Lewin, J ^a   Gibbard, P L ^b  

^a ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Quaternary; River; Sedimentation; Strath; Terrace

Indexed keywords

AGGRADATION; BEDROCK; FORMATION MECHANISM; GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL CYCLE; MIDLATITUDE ENVIRONMENT; PALEOCLIMATE; PLANATION; QUATERNARY; RIVER TERRACE; SANDBAR; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTATION; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; TERRACING; TIMESCALE;

ENGLAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 77954815923     PISSN: 0169555X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.04.002     Document Type: Article

References (175)

1. Allen L.G., Gibbard P.L. Pleistocene evolution of the Solent River of Southern England. Quaternary Science Reviews 1993, 12:503-528.
2. Antoine P. The Somme Valley terrace system (northern France); a model of river response to Quaternary climatic variations since 800,000BP. Terra Nova 1994, 6:453-464.
3. Antoine P., Lautridou J.P., Laurent M. Long-term fluvial archives in NW France: response of the Seine and Somme rivers to tectonic movements, climatic fluctuations and sea-level changes. Geomorphology 2000, 33:183-207.
4. Antoine P., Limondin Louzouet N., Chausse C., Lautridou J.-P., Pastre J.-F., Auguste P., Bahain J.-J., Falgueres C., Galehb B. Pleistocene fluvial terraces from northern France (Seine, Yonne, and Somme): synthesis, and new results from interglacial deposits. Quaternary Science Reviews 2007, 26:2701-2723.
5. Arche A. Coarse-grained meander lobe deposits in the Jarama River, Madrid, Spain. Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems, Special Publication 6, International Association of Sedimentologists 1983, 313-321. J.D. Collinson, J. Lewin (Eds.).
6. Autin W.J. Use of alloformations for definition of Holocene meander belts in the middle Amite River, southeastern Louisiana. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1992, 104:233-241.
7. Ballantyne C.K., Harris C. The Periglaciation of Great Britain 1994, University Press, Cambridge.
8. Bernouf J., Carcaud N., Garcin M., Giot D., Galinié H., Rodier X., Marlet O., Blin Ch., Taberly Ch. Fluvial metamorphosis of the River Loire during the Holocene: and the role of natural and anthropogenic factors: a case study from the area of Tours, France. Alluvial Archaeology in Europe 2003, 163-171. Balkema, Lisse. A.J. Howard, M.G. Macklin, D.G. Passmore (Eds.).
9. Berry F.G. Late Quaternary scour hollows and related features in central London. Quaterly Journal of Engineering Geology 1979, 12:9-29.
10. Best J.L., Ashworth P.J. Scour in large braided rivers and the recognition of sequence stratigraphic boundaries. Nature 1997, 387:275-277.
11. Björck S., Walker M.J.C., Cwynar L.C., Johnsen S., Knudsen K.L., Lowe J.J., Wohlfarth B. An event stratigraphy for the Last Termination in the North Atlantic region based on the Greenland ice-core record: a proposal of the INTIMATE group. Journal of Quaternary Science 1998, 13:283-292. INTIMATE Members.
12. Bluck B.J. Sedimentation of beach gravels: an example from south Wales. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 1967, 37:128-156.
13. Bluck B.J. Sedimentation in the meandering River Endrick. Scottish Journal of Geology 1971, 7:93-138.
14. Bluck B.J. Structure and directional properties of some valley sandur deposits in southern Iceland. Sedimentology 1974, 21:533-554.
15. Bluck B.J. Sedimentation in some Scottish rivers of low sinuousity. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1976, 69:425-456.
16. Boreham, S. 2002. The Pleistocene Stratigraphy and Palaeoenvironments of the Cambridge District. PhD thesis, Open University.
17. Brewer P.A., Lewin J. Planform cyclicity in an unstable reach: complex fluvial response to environmental change. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 1998, 23:989-1008.
18. Briant, R.M., 2002. Fluvial responses to rapid climate change in eastern England during the last glacial period. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.
19. Briant R.M., Bateman M.D. Luminescence dating indicates radiocarbon age underestimation in late Pleistocene fluvial deposits from eastern England. Journal of Quaternary Science 2009, 10.1002/jqs.1258.
20. Briant R.M., Coope G.R., Preece R.C., Keen D.H., Boreham S., Griffiths H.I., Seddon M.B., Gibbard P.L. Fluvial system response to Late Devensian (Weichselian) aridity, Baston, Lincolnshire, England. Journal of Quaternary Science 2004, 19:479-495.
21. Briant R.M., Bateman M.D., Coope G.R., Gibbard P.L. Climatic control on Quaternary fluvial sedimentology of a Fenland basin river, England. Sedimentology 2005, 52:1397-1423.
22. Briant R.M., Gibbard P.L., Boreham S., Coope G.R., Preece R.C. Limits to resolving catastrophic events in the Quaternary fluvial record: a case study from the Nene Valley, Northamptonshire. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 2008, 296:79-104.
23. Bridge J.S. Rivers and Floodplains: Forms, Processes and Sedimentary Record 2003, Blackwell, Oxford.
24. Bridge J.S., Lunt I.A. Depositional models of braided rivers. Braided Rivers: Process, Deposits, Ecology and Management 2006, 11-50. Blackwell, Oxford. G.H. Sambrook Smith, J.L. Best, C.S. Bristow, G.E. Petts (Eds.).
25. Bridgland D.R. Quaternary of the Thames 1994, Chapman and Hall, London.
26. Bridgland D.R. River terrace systems in north-west Europe: an archive of environmental change, uplift and early human occupation. Quaternary Science Reviews 2000, 19:1293-1303.
27. Bridgland D.R., Allen P. A revised model for terrace formation and its significance for the lower Middle Pleistocene Thames terrace aggradations of south-east Essex. The Early Middle Pleistocene in Europe 1996, 123-134. Balkema, Rotterdam. C. Turner (Ed.).
28. Bridgland D.R., Westaway R. Climatically controlled river terrace staircases: a worldwide Quaternary phenomenon. Geomorphology 2008, 98:288-315.
29. Briggs D.J., Coope G.R., Gilbertson D.D. The chronology and environmental frameworkof early man in the Upper Thames Valley. British Archaeological Reports, British Series 1985, 13:1-176.
30. Bromehead C.E.N. The Geology of North London. Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain 1925.
31. Brown A.G. Lateglacial-Holocene sedimentation in lowland temperate environments: floodplain metamorphosis and multiple channel systems. Paläeoklimaforschung, Special Issue 1995, 9:1-15.
32. Brown A.G. Floodpain palaeoenvironments. Floodplain Processes 1996, 95-138. Wiley, Chichester. M.G. Anderson, D.E. Walling, P.D. Bates (Eds.).
33. Brown A.G., Keough M.K., Rice J. Floodplain evolution in the East Midlands, United Kingdom: the lateglacial and Flandrian alluvial record from the Soar and Nene valleys. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 1994, 348A:261-293.
34. Brown A.G., Basell L.S., Toms P.S., Scrivener R.C. Towards a budget approach to Pleistocene terraces: preliminary studies using the River Exe in southwest England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 2009, 10.1016/j.pgeola.2009.08.012.
35. Bryan K., Ray L.L. Geological Antiquity of the Linden Meier Site in Colorado 1940, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 99, Washington.
36. Bryant I.D. The utilization of Arctic river analogue studies in the interpretation of periglacial river sediments from southern Britain. Background to Palaeohydrology 1983, 413-431. Wiley, Chichester. K.J. Gregory (Ed.).
37. Bryant I.D. Facies sequences associated with some braided river deposits of late Pleistocene age from Southern Britain. Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems, Special Publication 6, International Association of Sedimentologists 1983, 267-275. J.D. Collinson, J. Lewin (Eds.).
38. Bull W.B. Geomorphic Response to Climatic Change 1991, Oxford University Press, New York.
39. Bull W.B. Tectonic Geomorphology of Mountains: A New Approach to Paleoseismology 2007, Blackwell, Malden MA.
40. Busschers F.S., Kasse C., van Balen R.T., Vandenberghe J., Cohen K.M., Weerts H.J.T., Wallinga J., Johns C., Cleveringa P., Bunnik F.P.M. Late Pleistocene evolution of the Rhine-Meuse system in the southern North Sea basin: imprints of climatic change, sea-level oscillation and glacio-isostacy. Quaternary Science Reviews 2007, 26:3216-3248.
41. Cant D.J. Selective preservation of flood stage deposits in a braided fluvial environment. Geological Society of Canada Progress and Abstracts 1976, 1:77.
42. Castleden R. The floodplain gravels of the River Nene. Mercian Geologist 1976, 6:33-47.
43. Castleden R. Periglacial pediments in central and southern England. Catena 1977, 4:111-121.
44. Castleden R. Fluvioglacial pedimentation: a general theory of fluvial valley development in cool temperate lands, illustrated from western and central Europe. Catena 1980, 7:135-152.
45. Catt J.A., Gibbard P.L., Lowe J.J., McCarroll D., Scourse J.D., Walker M.J.C., Wymer J.J. Quaternary: ice sheets and their legacy. The Geology of England and Wales 2006, 429-467. Geological Society, London. second ed. P.J. Brenchley, P.F. Rawson (Eds.).
46. Chiverrell R.C., Foster G.C., Thomas G.S.P., Marshall P. Sediment transmission and storage: the implications for reconstructing landform development. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2010, 35:4-15.
47. Church M. Hydrology and permafrost with reference to northern North America. Permafrost Hydrology 1974, 7-20. Environment Canada, Ottawa.
48. Church M., Miles M.J. Discussion: processes and mechanisms of river bank erosion. Gravel-Bed Rivers 1982, 259-271. Wiley, Chichester. R.D. Hey, J.C. Bathurst, C.R. Thorne (Eds.).
49. Collins P.E.F., Fenwick I.M., Keith-Lucas D.M., Worsley P. Late Devensian river and floodplain dynamics and related environmental change in northwest Europe, with particular reference to a site at Woolhampton, Berkshire, England. Journal of Quaternary Science 1996, 11:357-375.
50. Collinson J.D. Bedforms of the Tana River, Norway. Geografiska Annaler 1970, 52A:31-56.
51. Collinson J.D., Thompson D.B. Sedimentary Structures 1982, Allen and Unwin, London.
52. Coope G.R. An insect fauna from Mid-Weichselian deposits at Brandon, Warwickshire. Philosophical Transactions. Royal Society of London 1968, 254B:425-456.
53. Coope G.R., Gibbard P.L., Hall A.R., Preece R.C., Robinson J.E., Sutcliffe A.J. Climatic and environmental reconstructions based on fossil assemblages from Middle Devensian (Weichselian) deposits of the River Thames at South Kensington, Central London, UK. Quaternary Science Reviews 1997, 16:1163-1195.
54. Coope G.R., Field M.H., Gibbard P.L., Greenwood M., Richards A.E. Palaeontology and biopstratigraphy of Middle Pleistocene sediment in the Mathon Member at Mathon, Hertfordhire, England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 2002, 113:237-258.
55. Corner R. The Tana Valley Terraces. A Study of the Morphology and Sedimentology of the Lower Tana Valley Terraces Between Mansholmen and Maskejokka 1975, Uppsala Universitet Naturgeografiska Institutionen Rapport No. 38, Finmark, Norway.
56. Davis J.L., Annan A.P. Ground-penetrating radar for high-resolution mapping of soil and rock stratigraphy. Geophysical Prospecting 1989, 37:531-551.
57. Dawson M.R. Environmental reconstructions of a late Devensian terrace sequence: some preliminary findings. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 1985, 10:237-246.
58. Dawson M.R., Bryant I.D. Three-dimensional facies geometry in Pleistocene outwash sediments, Worcestershire, U.K. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 1987, 39:191-196. Tulsa, Oklahoma. F.G. Ethridge, R.M. Flores, M.D. Harvey (Eds.).
59. Dines H.G., Edmunds F.H. The Geology of the Country Around Romford. Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain 1925.
60. Dury G.H. Principles of Underfit Streams. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1964, 452A.
61. Ehlers J., Gibbard P.L., Rose J. Glacial Deposits of Britain and Ireland 1990, Balkema, Rotterdam.
62. Erkins G., Dambeck R., Volleberg K.P., Bouman M.T.I.J., Bos A.A., Cohen K.M., Wallinga J., Hoek W.Z. Fluvial terrace formation in the northern Upper Rhine Graben during the last 20,000years as a result of allogenic controls and autogenic evolution. Geomorphology 2009, 103:476-495.
63. Forbes D.L. Morphology and sedimentology of a sinuous gravel-bed channel system: lower Babbage River, Yukon coastal plain, Canada. Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems. Special Publication 6, International Association of Sedimentologists 1983, 195-206. J.D. Collinson, J. Lewin (Eds.).
64. French H.M. The Periglacial Environment 2007, Wiley, Chichester. 3rd ed.
65. Friend P.F., Moody-Stuart M. Sedimentation of the Wood Bay formation (Devonian) of Spitsbergen: regional analysis of a late orogenic basin. Norsk Polarintitut Skifter 1972, 15:1-77.
66. Galloway R.W. Solifluction in Scotland. Scottish Geographical Magazine 1961, 77:75-87.
67. Gao C., Coope G.R., Keen D.H., Pettit M.E. Middle Devensian deposits of the Ivel valley at Sandy, Bedfordshire, England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 1998, 109:127-137.
68. Gao C., Boreham S., Preece R.C., Gibbard P.L., Briant R.M. Fluvial reponse to rapid climatic change during the Devensian (Weichselian) Lateglacial in the River Great Ouse, southern England, UK. Sedimentary Geology 2007, 202:193-210.
69. Gibbard P.L. Terrace stratigraphy and drainage history of the Plateau Gravels of north Surrey, south Berkshire and north Hampshire, England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 1982, 93:369-384.
70. Gibbard P.L. Pleistocene History of the Middle Thames Valley 1985, University Press, Cambridge.
71. Gibbard P.L. The geomorphology of a part of the Middle Thames forty years on: a reappraisal of the work of F. Kenneth Hare. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 1989, 100:481-503.
72. Gibbard P.L. The Pleistocene History of the Lower Thames Valley 1994, University Press, Cambridge.
73. Gibbard P.L. The Thames Valley, its tributary, valleys and their former courses. Geological Society Special Report no 1999, 23:45-58. D.Q. Bowen (Ed.).
74. Gibbard P.L., Lewin J. Climate and related controls on interglacial sedimentation in lowland Britain. Sedimentary Geology 2002, 151:187-210.
75. Gibbard P.L., Lewin J. River incision and terrace formation in the late Cenozoic of Europe. Tectonophysics 2009, 474:41-55.
76. Gibbard P.L., Preece R.C. Southern England. Geological Society Special Report no 1999, 23:59-65. D.Q. Bowen (Ed.).
77. Gibbard P.L., Wintle A.G., Catt J.A. The age and origin of clayey silt brickearth, West London, England. Journal of Quaternary Science 1987, 2:3-9.
78. Gibbard P.L., West R.G., Pasanen A., Wymer J.J., Boreham S., Cohen K.M., Rolfe C. Pleistocene geology of the Palaeolithic sequence at Redhill, Thetford, Norfolk, England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 2008, 119:175-192.
79. Gibling M.R. Width and thickness of fluvial channel bodies and valley fills in the geological record: a literature compilation and classification. Journal of Sedimentary Research 2006, 76:731-770.
80. Hancock G.S., Anderson R.S. Numerical modeling of fluvial strath-terrace formation in response to oscillating climate. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2002, 114:1131-1142.
81. Harding P., Gibbard P.L. Excavations at Northwold Road, Stoke Newington, North-east London, 1981. Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society 1981, 34:1-18.
82. Hare F.K. The geomorphology of a part of the Middle Thames. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 1947, 58:294-339.
83. Harms J.C., Fahnestock R.K. Stratification, bedforms and flow phenomena (with an example from the Rio Grande). Society of Econonmic Palaeontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 1965, 12:84-115. G.V. Middleton (Ed.).
84. Harms J.C., Southard J.B., Spearing D.R., Walker R.G. Depositional environments as interpreted from primary sedimentary structures and stratification sequences. Society of Econonmic Palaeontologists and Mineralogists Short Course 2 1975.
85. Hein F.J., Walker R.G. Bar evolution and development of stratification in the gravelly, braided Kicking Horse River, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1977, 14:562-570.
86. Higginbottom I.E., Fookes P.G. Engineering aspects of periglacicial features in Britain. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology 1970, 3:85-117.
87. Hollin J. Thames interglacial sites, Ipswichian sea levels and Antarctic ice surges. Boreas 1977, 6:33-52.
88. Howard A.J., Brown A.G., Carey C.J., Challis K., Cooper L.P., Kincey M., Toms P. Archaeological resource modelling in temperate river valleys: a case study from the Trent Valley, UK. Antiquity 2007, 82:1040-1054.
89. Huggenberger P., Regli C. A sedimentological model to characterize braided river deposits for hydrogeological applications. International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication 2006, 36:51-74. G.H. Sambrook Smith, J.L. Best, C.S. Bristow, G.E. Petts (Eds.).
90. Hutchinson J.N. Theme lecture: periglacial and slope processes. Geological Society, Engineering Special Publication 1991, 7:283-331. A. Forster, M.G. Culshaw, J.C. Cripps, J.A. Little, C.F. Moon (Eds.).
91. Keen D.H., Bateman M.D., Coope G.R., Field M.H., Langford H.E., Merry J.S., Mighall T.M. Sedimentology, palaeoecology and geochronology of Last Interglacial deposits from Deeping St James, Lincolnshire, England. Journal of Quaternary Science 1999, 14:411-436.
92. King W.B.R., Oakley K.P. The Pleistocene succession in the lower part of the Thames Valley. Proceedings of the Prehistorical Society 1936, 2:52-76.
93. Kukla G.J. Loess stratigraphy of Centrel Europe. After the Australopithecines: Stratigraphy, Ecology and Cultural Cange in the Middle Pleistocene, Mouton, The Hague 1975, 99-188. K.W. Butzer, K.W. Isaacs (Eds.).
94. Lane N.F., Watts A.B., Farrant A.R. An analysis of Cotswold topography: insights into the landscape response to denudational isostacy. Journal of the Geological Society of London 2008, 165:85-103.
95. Lane N.F., Watts A.B., Farrant A.R. An analysis of Cotswold topography: insights ino the landscape response to denudational isostacy. Journal of the Geological Society of London 2008, 165:83-103.
96. Langford H.E., Bateman M.D., Penkman K.E.H., Boreham S., Briant R.M., Coope G.R., Kenn D.H. Age-estimate evidence for Middle-Late Pleistocene aggradation of the River Nene 1st Terrace deposits at Whittlesey, eastern England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 2007, 118:283-300.
97. Lautridou J.P., Letavernier G., Lindé K., Etlucher B., Ozouf J.C. Porosity and frost susceptibility of flints and chalk: laboratory experiments, comparison of "glacial" and "periglacial" surface textures of flint materials, and field investigation. The Scientific Study of Flint and Chert 1986, 269-282. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. G.C. Sieveking, M.B. Hart (Eds.).
98. Leigh D.S. Terminal Pleistocene braided to meandering transition in rivers of the Southeastern USA. Catena 2006, 66:155-160.
99. Leopold L.B., Miller J.P. A post-glacial chronology for some alluvial valleys in Wyoming. United States geological Survey, Water-Supply Paper 1954, 1261.
100. Leopold L.B., Wolman M.G., Miller J.P. Fluvial Processes in Geomorphology 1964, Freeman, San Francisco.
101. Lewin J. Initiation of bed forms and meanders in coarse-grained sediment. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1976, 87:281-285.
102. Lewin J., Brindle B.J. Confined Meanders. River Channel Changes 1977, 221-233. Wiley, Chichester. K.J. Gregory (Ed.).
103. Lewin J., Macklin M.G. Preservation potential for Late Quaternary river alluvium. Journal of Quaternary Science 2003, 18:107-120.
104. Lewin J., Weir M.J.C. Morphology and recent history of the Lower Spey. Scottish Geographical Magazine 1977, 39:45-51.
105. Lewin J., Davies B.E., Wolfenden P. Interactions between channel change and historic mining sediment. River Channel Changes 1977, 353-367. Wiley, Chichester. K.J. Gregory (Ed.).
106. Lewis S.G., Maddy D., Scaife R.G. The fluvial system response to abrupt climate change during the last cold stage: the upper Pleistocene River Thames fluvial succession at Ashton Keynes, UK. Global and Planetary Change 2001, 28:341-359.
107. Lowe J.J., Walker M.J.C. Reconstructing Quaternary Environments 1997, Longmans, London.
108. Lunt I.A., Bridge J.S. Evolution and deposits of a gravelly braid bar and a channel fill, Sagavanirktok River, Alaska. Sedimentology 2004, 51:415-432.
109. Macklin M.G., Lewin J. Sediment transfer and transformation of an alluvial valley floor - the River South Tyne, Northumbria, UK. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 1989, 14:233-246.
110. Macklin M.G., Jones A., Lewin J. River response to rapid Holocene environmental change: evidence and explanation in british catchments. Quaternary Science Reviews 2009, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.06.010.
111. Maddy D. Uplift-driven valley incision and river terrace formation in southern England. Journal of Quaternary Science 1997, 12:539-545.
112. Maddy D., Bridgland D.R. Accelerated uplift resulting from Anglian glacioeustatic rebound in the Middle Thames Valley, UK?: evidence from the river terrace record. Quaternary Science Reviews 2000, 19:1581-1588.
113. Maddy D., Green C.P., Lewis S.G., Bowen D.Q. Pleistocene geology of the Lower Severn valley. Quaternary Science Reviews 1995, 14:209-222.
114. Maddy D., Lewis S.G., Scaife R.G., Bowen D.Q., Coope G.R., Green C.P., Hardaker T., Keen D.H., Rees-Jones J., Parfitt S., Scott K. The Upper Pleistocene deposits at Cassington, near Oxford, England. Journal of Quaternary Science 1998, 13:205-231.
115. Maddy D., Lewis S.G., Keen D.H. Pleistocene palaeomeanders of the River Avon, Warwickshire. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 1999, 110:163-172.
116. Maddy D., Bridgland D.R., Green C.P. Crustal uplift in southern England: evidence from the river terrace records. Geomorphology 2000, 33:167-181.
117. Martini I.P., Kwong J.K., Sadura S. Sediment ice rafting and cold climate fluvial deposits: Albany River, Ontarion, Canada. Special Publication 17, International Association of Sedimentologists 1993, 63-76. M. Marzo, C. Puigdefábregas (Eds.).
118. Matsuoka N. Solifluction rates, processes and landforms: a global review. Earth Science Reviews 2001, 55:107-134.
119. Matthews M.C., Clayton C.R.I., Rigby-Jones J. Locating dissolution features in the Chalk. Quaterly Journal of Engineering Geology 2000, 33:125-140.
120. McGregor D.F.M., Green C.P. Post-depositional modification of Pleistocene terraces of the River Thames. Boreas 1983, 12:23-33.
121. Miall A.D. A review of the braided river depositional environment. Earth Science Reviews 1977, 13:1-62.
122. Miall A.D. Lithofacies types and vertical profile models in braided river deposits: a summary. Fluvial Sedimentology. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 5 1978, 597-604. A.D. Miall (Ed.).
123. Miall A.D. The Geology of Fluvial Deposits 1996, Springer, Berlin.
124. Mol J., Vandenberghe J., Kasse C. River response to variations of periglacial climate in mid-latitude Europe. Geomorphology 2000, 33:131-148.
125. Morgan A.V. The Pleistocene geology of the area north and west of Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, England. Philosophical Transactions. Royal Society of London 1973, 265B:233-297.
126. Murton J.B. Near-surface brecciation of Chalk, Isle of Thanet, south-east England: a comparison with ice-rich brecciated bedrocks in Canada and Spitsbergen. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 1996, 7:153-164.
127. Murton J.B., Peterson R., Ozouf J.-C. Bedrock fracture by ice segregation in cold regions. Science 2006, 314:1127-1129.
128. Old R.A., Hamblin R.J.O., Ambrose K., Warrington G. Geology of the Country Around Redditch 1991, British Geological Survey, London.
129. Panin A.V., Sidorchuk A.Yu., Chernov A.V. Historical background to floodplain morphology: examples from the East European Plain. Geological Society of London Special Publication 163, London 1999, 217-229. S.B. Marriott, J. Alexander (Eds.).
130. Passmore D.G., Macklin M.G. Late Holocene channel and floodplain development in a wandering gravel-bed river: the River South Tyne at Lambley, northern England. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2000, 25:1237-1256.
131. Pazzaglia F.J., Brandon M.T. A fluvial record of long-term steady-state uplift and erosion across the Cascadia Forearc High, western Washington State. American Journal of Science 2001, 301:385-431.
132. Peters G., van Balen R.T. Pleistocene tectonics inferred from fluvial terraces of the northern Upper Rhine Graben, Germany. Tectonophysics 2007, 430:41-65.
133. Porter S.C. Some geological implications of average Quaternary glacial conditions. Quaternary Research 1989, 32:245-261.
134. Reid C. On the origin of dry chalk valley and of Coombe Rock. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 1887, 43:364-373.
135. Reinfelds I., Nanson G. Formation of braided river floodplains, Waimakariri River, New Zealand. Sedimentology 1993, 40:1113-1127.
136. Rose J. Lateglacial and early Holocene river activity in lowland Britain. Paläoklimaforchung 1995, 14:51-74.
137. Rose J., Turner C., Coope G.R., Bryan M.D. Channel change in a lowland river catchment over the last 13,000years. Timescales in Geomorphology 1980, 159-175. Wiley, Chichester. R.A. Cullingford, D.A. Davidson, J. Lewin (Eds.).
138. Rose J., Lee J.A., Kemp R.A., Harding P.A. Palaeoclimate, sedimentation and soil development during the last glacial stage (Devensian), Heathrow Airport, London, UK. Quaternary Science Reviews 2000, 19:827-847.
139. Rust B.R. Structure and process in a braided river. Sedimentology 1972, 18:221-245.
140. Rust B.R. A classification of alluvial channel systems. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geology, Memoir 1978, 5:187-198. A.D. Miall (Ed.).
141. Rust B.R. Depositional models for braided alluvium. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geology, Memoir 1978, 5:605-625. A.D. Miall (Ed.).
142. Rust B.R., Koster E.H. Coarse alluvial deposits. Geological Society of Canada Reprint Series 1984, 1:53-69. R.G. Walker (Ed.).
143. Schirmer W. Valley bottoms in the late Quaternary. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Suppl.-Bd. 1995, 100:27-51.
144. Seddon M.B., Holyoak D.Y. Evidence of sustained regional permafrost during deposition of fossiliferous Late Pleistocene river sediments at Stanton Harcourt (Oxfordshire, England). Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 1985, 96:53-71.
145. Sherlock R.L., Noble A.H. The Geology of the Country Around Beaconsfield. Memoir of the Geological Society of Great Britain 1922.
146. Shotton F.W., Blundell D.J., Williams R.E.G. Birmingham University radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 1969, 11:263-270.
147. Shotton F.W., Blundell D.J., Williams R.E.G. Birmingham University radiocarbon dates IV. Radiocarbon 1970, 12:385-399.
148. Sidorchuk A., Panin A., Borisova O. The late glacial and Holocene palaeohydrology of Northern Eurasia. Palaeohydrology: Understanding Global Change 2003, 61-76. Wiley, Chichester. K.J. Gregory, G. Benito (Eds.).
149. Siegenthaler C., Huggenberger P. Pleistocene Rhine gravel: deposits of a braided river system with dominant pool preservation. Geological Society of London Special Publication 1993, 75:147-162. J.L. Best, C.S. Bristow (Eds.).
150. Sklar L., Dietrich W.E. River longitudinal profiles and bedrock incision models: stream power and the influence of sediment supply. Geophysical Monograph 107, American Geophysical Union 1998, 237-260. K.J. Tinkler, E. Wohl (Eds.).
151. Snow R.S., Slingerland R.L. Mathematical modeling of graded river profiles. Journal of Geology 1987, 95:15-33.
152. Van Balen R.T., Houtgast R.F., Van der Wateren F.M., Vandenberghe J., Bogaart P.W. Sediment budget and tectonic evolution of the Meuse catchment in the Ardennes and the Roer Valley Rift System. Global and Planetary Change 2000, 27:113-129.
153. Van den Berg M., van Hoof T. The Maas terrace sequence at Maastricht, SE Netherlands: evidence for 200m of late Neogene and Quaternary surface uplift. River Basin Sediment Systems: Archives of Environmental Change 2001, 45-86. Balkema, Rotterdam. D. Maddy, M.G. Macklin, J. Woodward (Eds.).
154. Van Huissteden J., Gibbard P.L., Briant R.M. Periglacial fluvial systems in northwest Europe during marine isotope stages 4 and 3. Quaternary International 2001, 79:75-88.
155. Vandenberghe J. A typology of Pleistocene cold-base rivers. Quaternary International 2001, 79:111-121.
156. Vandenberghe J. The fluvial cycle at cold-warm-cold transitions in lowland regions: a refinement of theory. Geomorphology 2008, 98:275-284.
157. Vandenberghe J., van Overmeeren R.A. Ground penetrating radar images of selected fluvial deposits in The Netherlands. Sedimentary Geology 1999, 128:245-270.
158. Vandenberghe J., Lowe J., Coope G.R., Litt T., Zöller L. Climatic and environmental variability in the Europe sector during the last interglacial-glacial cycle. Past Climate Variability through Europe and Africa 2004, 393-416. Kluwer, Dordrecht. R. Battarbee, F. Gasse, C. Stickley (Eds.).
159. Warburton J., Davies T.R.H., Mandl M.G. A meso-scale field investigation of channel change and floodplain characteristics in an upland braided gravel-bed river, New Zealand. Geological Society of London Special Publication 2003, 75:241-255. J.L. Best, C.S. Bristow (Eds.).
160. Washburn A.L. Periglacial Processes and Environments 1968, Arnold, London.
161. Watson E. The slope deposits of the Nant Iago valley near Cader Idris, Wales. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny 1969, 18:95-113.
162. Watts A.B., McKerrow W.S., Fielding E. Lithospheric flexure, uplift, and landscape evolution in south-central England. Journal of the Geological Society of London 2000, 157:1169-1177.
163. Watts A.B., McKerrow W.S., Richards K. Localized Quaternary uplift of south-central England. Journal of the Geological Society of London 2005, 162:13-24.
164. Werritty A., Ferguson R.I. Pattern changes in a Scottish braided river over 1, 30 and 200years. Timescales in Geomorphology 1980, 53-68. Wiley, Chichester. R.A. Cullingford, D.A. Davidson, J. Lewin (Eds.).
165. West R.G. Pleistocene Geology and Biology 1977, Longmans Green, London.
166. West R.G. Devensian thermal contraction networks and cracks at Somersham, Cambridgeshire, UK. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 1993, 4:277-300.
167. West R.G., Turner C. The subdivision and zonation of interglacial periods. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart 1968, 19:93-101.
168. West R.G., Dickson C.A., Catt J.A., Weir A.H., Sparks B.W. Late Pleistocene deposits at Wretton, Norfolk. II. Devensian deposits. Philosophical Transactions. Royal Society of London 1974, 267B:337-420.
169. West R.G., Andrew R., Catt J.A., Hart C.P., Hollin J.T., Knudsen K.-L., Miller G.F., Penney D.N., Pettit M.E., Preece R.C., Switsur V.R., Whiteman C.A., Zhou L.P. Late and Middle Pleistocene deposits at Somersham, Cambridgeshire, UK: a model for reconstructing fluvial/estuarine depositional environments. Quaternary Science Reviews 1999, 18:1247-1314.
170. Westaway R., Maddy D., Bridgland D. Flow in the lower continental crust as a mechanism for the Quaternary uplift of southeast England: constraints from the Thames terrace record. Quaternary Science Reviews 2002, 21:559-603.
171. Westaway R., Bridgland D., White M. The Quaternary uplift history of central southern England: evidence from the terraces of the Solent River system and nearby raised beaches. Quaternary Science Reviews 2006, 25:2212-2250.
172. Whipple K.X., Tucker G.E. Implications of sediment-flux-dependent river incision models for landscape evolution. Journal of Geophysical Research 2002, 107:3.1-3.20.
173. Whipple K.X., Hancock G.S., Anderson R.S. Processes of incision into bedrock: implications for the dynamics of landscape evolution. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2000, 112:490-503.
174. Williams P.F., Rust B.R. The sedimentology of a braided river. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 1969, 39:649-679.
175. Woo M.-K. Permafrost hydrology. National Hydrological Research Institute Science Report, 1. Environment Canada, Saskatoon 1990, 63-75. T.D. Prowse, C.S.L. Ommanney (Eds.).