Wood-to-energy expansion, forest ownership changes, and mill closure: Consequences for U.S. South's wood supply chain

Forest Policy and Economics

Volumn 12, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 399-406

  Conrad, Joseph L ^a   Bolding, M Chad ^a   Aust, W Michael ^a   Smith, Robert L ^a  

^a VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Forest products industry; Wood to energy

Indexed keywords

CREDIT MARKETS; ENERGY DEMANDS; ENERGY EXPANSION; ENERGY MARKETS; FOREST INDUSTRY; FOREST LAND; FOREST OWNERSHIP; FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRY; LOGGING CAPACITY; LONG TERM; MILL CLOSURES; TIMBER SUPPLY; WOOD SUPPLY;

COMMERCE; ENERGY MANAGEMENT; HARVESTING; INDUSTRY; LOGGING (FORESTRY); PLANT SHUTDOWNS; SAWMILLS; SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT; SUPPLY CHAINS; TIMBER;

ENERGY HARVESTING;

COMMERCE; ENERGY; FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRY; FORESTS; HARVESTING; LOGGING; SAW MILLS; SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT; USA; WOOD;

EID: 77954661297     PISSN: 13899341     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2010.05.003     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Alavalapati J., Hodges A., Lal P., Dwivedi P., Rahmani M., Kaufer L., Matta J., Susaeta A., Kukrety S., Stephens T. Bioenergy roadmap for southern United States 2009, Southeast Agriculture and Forestry Energy Resources Alliance (SAFER), Southern Growth Policies Board, North Carolina, 130 pp.
2. Alig R., Mills J., Butler B. Private timberlands: growing demands, shrinking land base. Journal of Forestry 2002, 100(2):32-37.
3. Armstron J., Overton T. Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys. Journal of Marketing Research 1977, 14:396-402.
4. Association of Consulting Foresters last accessed April 12, 2010. http://www.acf-foresters.org.
5. Badger P., Monroe M. Using Wood Fuels in Existing Coal-fired Power Plants. Wood-to-Energy Fact Sheet Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences 2007, Available online at edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FR/FR19600.pdf; last accessed Feb. 9, 2009.
6. Baker S., Greene W. Changes in Georgia's logging workforce, 1987-2007. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 2008, 32(2):60-68.
7. Barlow S., Munn I., Cleaves D., Evans D. The effect of urban sprawl on timber harvesting: a look at two southern states. Journal of Forestry 1998, 96(12):10-14.
8. Benjamin J., Lilieholm R., Damery D. Challenges and opportunities for the northeastern forest bioindustry. Journal of Forestry 2009, 107(3):125-131.
9. Bohlin F., Roos A. Wood fuel supply as a function of forest owner preferences and management styles. Biomass and Bioenergy 2002, 22:237-249.
10. Bowe S., Smith R., Araman P. A national profile of the U.S. hardwood sawmill industry. Forest Products Journal 2001, 51(10):25-31.
11. Bowyer J. The GREEN movement and the forest products industry. Forest Products Journal 2008, 58(7):6-13.
12. Butler B. Family Forest Owners of the United States, 2006: A Technical Document Supporting the Forest Service 2010 RPA Assessment. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NRS-27 2008, 72 pp.
13. Clutter M., Mendell B., Newman D., Wear D., Greis J. Strategic Factors Driving Timberland Ownership Changes in the U.S. South last accessed; last accessed Mar. 2, 2009. http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/econ/pubs/southernmarkets/strategic-factors-and-ownership-v1.pdf.
14. Collins S., Darr D., Wear D., Hutch B. Global markets and the health of America's forests: a forest service perspective. Journal of Forestry 2008, 106(1):47-52.
15. Conrad IV, J., Bolding, M., in press. Virginia's woody biomass market: Opportunities and implications. Accepted for publication by the Southern Journal of Applied Forestry on August 14, 2009.
16. Cubbage F. Economics of Forest Tract Size: Theory and Literature. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report SO-41 1983, 21 pp.
17. Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE) last accessed July 1, 2009. http://www.dsireusa.org.
18. Eilperin J. The Unintended Ripples from the Biomass Subsidy Program. The Washington Post, January 10, 2009 last accessed April 12, 2010. http://www.washingtonpost.com.
19. Energy Information Administration (EIA) last accessed Apr. 25, 2009. http://www.eia.doe.gov.
20. Fox T., Jokela E., Allen H. The development of pine plantation silviculture in the southern United States. Journal of Forestry 2007, 105(7):337-347.
21. Galik C., Abt R., Wu Y. Forest biomass supply in the southeastern United States-implications for industrial roundwood and bioenergy production. Journal of Forestry 2009, 107(2):69-77.
22. Greene W., Mayo J., deHoop C., Egan A. Causes and costs of unused logging production capacity in the southern United States and Maine. Forest Products Journal 2004, 54(5):29-37.
23. JMP Version 7, 2007. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 1989-2007.
24. Johnson T., Steppleton C. Southern pulpwood production, 2006. USDA Forest Service Resource Bulletin SRS-134 2008, 42 pp.
25. Johnson T., Bentley J., Howell M. The South's timber industry-an assessment of timber product output and use, 2005. USDA Forest Service Resource Bulletin SRS-135 2008, 52 pp.
26. Johnson T., Bentley J., Howell M. Historical trends of timber product output in the South. USDA Forest Service Resource Bulletin SRS-138 2008, 70 pp.
27. La Capra Associates Analysis of a Renewable Portfolio Standard for the State of North Carolina 2006, La Capra Associates, Boston, MA, 154 pp.
28. Liao X., Zhang Y. An econometric analysis of softwood production in the U.S. South: a comparison of industrial and nonindustrial forest ownerships. Forest Products Journal 2008, 58(11):69-74.
29. Lundmark R. Cost structure of and competition for forest-based biomass. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 2006, 21:272-280.
30. Microsoft, 2003. Excel (Part of Microsoft Office Professional Edition) [computer program].
31. Moldenhauer M., Bolding M. Parcelization of South Carolina's private forestland: loggers reactions to a growing threat. Forest Products Journal 2009, 59(6):37-43.
32. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Bioenergy Conversion Factors last accessed Apr. 23, 2009. http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/papers/misc/energy_conv.html.
33. Pellet Fuels Institute (PFI) last accessed Mar. 25, 2009. http://www.pelletheat.org/.
34. Perlack, R., Wright, L., Turhollow, A., Graham, R., Stokes, B., Erbach, D., 2005. Biomass as feedstock for a bioenergy and bioproducts industry: The technical feasibility of a billion-ton annual supply. USDE and USDA. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. DOE/GO-102995-2135. 59 pp.
35. Pu Y., Zhang D., Singh P., Ragauskas A. Review: the new forestry biofuels sector. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining 2008, 2:58-73.
36. Rea L., Parker R. Designing and Conducting Survey Research: A Comprehensive Guide 2005, Jossey-Bass, California, USA. 3rd Ed.
37. Spelter H., McKeever D., Alderman M. Profile 2007: Softwood Sawmills in the United States and Canada. USDA Forest Service Research Paper FPL-RP-644 2007, 65 pp.
38. Sun C., Zhang D. Timber harvesting margins in the Southern United States: a temporal and spatial analysis. Forest Science 2006, 52:273-280.
39. Timber Mart-South (TMS), 2006-2009. Norris Foundation, University of Georgia, Athens Georgia.
40. U.S.Department of Energy (USDE) DOE Selects Six Cellulosic Ethanol Plants for up to $385million in Federal Funding last accessed Jan. 15, 2009. http://www.energy.gov/news/4827.htm.
41. U.S.Department of Energy (USDE) DOE Selects 3 Small-scale Biorefinery Projects for up to $86million of Federal Funding in Maine, Tennessee and Kentucky last accessed Jan. 15, 2009. http://www.energy.gov/6164.htm.
42. U.S.Department of Energy (USDE) U.S. Department of Energy Selects First Round of Small-scale Biorefinery Projects for up to $114million in Federal Funding last accessed Apr. 2, 2009. http://www.energy.gov/news/5903.htm.
43. Walsh M., Perlack R., Turhollow A., Ugarte D., Becker D., Graham R., Slinsky S., Ray D. Biomass Feedstock Availability in the United States: 1999 State Level Analysis. U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory last accessed Feb. 9, 2009. http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/resourcedata/index.html.
44. Wear D., Greis J. Southern Forest Resource Assessment: Summary Report. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report SRS-54 2002, 103 pp.
45. Wear D., Liu R., Foreman J., Sheffield R. The effects of population growth on timber management and inventories in Virginia. Forest Ecology and Management 1999, 118:107-115.
46. Wear D., Carter D., Prestemon J. The U.S. South's Timber Sector in 2005: A Prospective Analysis of Recent Change. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report SRS-99 2007, 29 pp.
47. Zerbe J. Thermal energy, electricity, and transportation fuels from wood. Forest Products Journal 2006, 56(1):7-14.
48. Zinkhan F. Timberland investment management organizations and other participants in forest asset markets: a survey. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 1993, 17(1):32-38.