메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 208-224

Masculine Gender Roles and Differentiation: Predictors of Body Image and Self-Objectification in Men

Author keywords

Body image; Differentiation; Gender roles; Masculinity; Self objectification

Indexed keywords


EID: 77954650425     PISSN: 15249220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0018255     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 35548998326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of gender and family, friend, and media influences on eating behaviors and body image during adolescence
    • Ata R.N., Ludden A.B., Lally M. The effects of gender and family, friend, and media influences on eating behaviors and body image during adolescence. Journal of Youth & Adolescence 2007, 36:1024-1037.
    • (2007) Journal of Youth & Adolescence , vol.36 , pp. 1024-1037
    • Ata, R.N.1    Ludden, A.B.2    Lally, M.3
  • 2
    • 0035605601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body type preferences in Asian and Caucasian college students
    • Barnett H.L., Keel K.K., Conoscenti L.M. Body type preferences in Asian and Caucasian college students. Sex Roles 2002, 45(11/12):867-878.
    • (2002) Sex Roles , vol.45 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 867-878
    • Barnett, H.L.1    Keel, K.K.2    Conoscenti, L.M.3
  • 3
    • 0000992033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masculine gender role conflict: Effects on college men's psychological well-being, chemical substance usage, and attitudes toward help-seeking
    • Blazina C., Watkins E. Masculine gender role conflict: Effects on college men's psychological well-being, chemical substance usage, and attitudes toward help-seeking. Journal of Counseling Psychology 1996, 43:461-465.
    • (1996) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 461-465
    • Blazina, C.1    Watkins, E.2
  • 4
    • 0000800358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation/individuation, parental attachment, and male gender role conflict: Attitudes toward the feminine and the fragile masculine self
    • Blazina C., Watkins E. Separation/individuation, parental attachment, and male gender role conflict: Attitudes toward the feminine and the fragile masculine self. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 2000, 1:126-132.
    • (2000) Psychology of Men & Masculinity , vol.1 , pp. 126-132
    • Blazina, C.1    Watkins, E.2
  • 10
    • 1642493279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male body image: Satisfaction and its relationship to well-being using the somatomorphic matrix
    • Cafri G., Strauss J., Thompson J.K. Male body image: Satisfaction and its relationship to well-being using the somatomorphic matrix. International Journal of Men's Health 2002, 1:215-231.
    • (2002) International Journal of Men's Health , vol.1 , pp. 215-231
    • Cafri, G.1    Strauss, J.2    Thompson, J.K.3
  • 11
    • 16544374005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the convergence of muscle appearance attitude measures
    • Cafri G., Thompson J.K. Evaluating the convergence of muscle appearance attitude measures. Assessment 2004, 11:224-229.
    • (2004) Assessment , vol.11 , pp. 224-229
    • Cafri, G.1    Thompson, J.K.2
  • 13
    • 12144264014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future challenges for body image theory, research, and clinical, practice
    • Guilford Press, New York, T.F. Cash, T. Pruzinsky (Eds.)
    • Cash T.F., Pruzinsky T. Future challenges for body image theory, research, and clinical, practice. Body images: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice 2002, 509-516. Guilford Press, New York. T.F. Cash, T. Pruzinsky (Eds.).
    • (2002) Body images: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice , pp. 509-516
    • Cash, T.F.1    Pruzinsky, T.2
  • 14
    • 12144285741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body image in an interpersonal context: Adult attachment, fear of intimacy, and social anxiety
    • Cash T.F., Theriault J., Annis N.M. Body image in an interpersonal context: Adult attachment, fear of intimacy, and social anxiety. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology 2004, 23:89-103.
    • (2004) Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 89-103
    • Cash, T.F.1    Theriault, J.2    Annis, N.M.3
  • 15
    • 0034244656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body image: Gender, ethnic, and age differences
    • Demarest J., Allen R. Body image: Gender, ethnic, and age differences. Journal of Social Psychology 2000, 140:465-472.
    • (2000) Journal of Social Psychology , vol.140 , pp. 465-472
    • Demarest, J.1    Allen, R.2
  • 16
    • 77954646853 scopus 로고
    • Appearance anxiety as a dimension of social, and sexual functioning
    • Dion K.L., Dion K.K., Keelan J.P. Appearance anxiety as a dimension of social, and sexual functioning. Sex Roles 1990, 52:220-225.
    • (1990) Sex Roles , vol.52 , pp. 220-225
    • Dion, K.L.1    Dion, K.K.2    Keelan, J.P.3
  • 18
    • 27744464348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative emotion and disordered eating among obese college students
    • Edman J.L., Yates A., Aruguete M.S. Negative emotion and disordered eating among obese college students. Eating Behaviors 2005, 6:308-317.
    • (2005) Eating Behaviors , vol.6 , pp. 308-317
    • Edman, J.L.1    Yates, A.2    Aruguete, M.S.3
  • 19
    • 0031165748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks
    • Fredrickson B.L., Roberts T. Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly 1997, 21:173-206.
    • (1997) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 173-206
    • Fredrickson, B.L.1    Roberts, T.2
  • 22
    • 84990341457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body image: Focus groups with boys and men
    • Grogan S., Richards H. Body image: Focus groups with boys and men. Men & Masculinities 2002, 4:219-232.
    • (2002) Men & Masculinities , vol.4 , pp. 219-232
    • Grogan, S.1    Richards, H.2
  • 23
    • 10944254695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idealized media images and adolescent body image: " Comparing" boys and girls
    • Hargreaves D.A., Tiggemann M. Idealized media images and adolescent body image: " Comparing" boys and girls. Body Image 2004, 1:351-361.
    • (2004) Body Image , vol.1 , pp. 351-361
    • Hargreaves, D.A.1    Tiggemann, M.2
  • 24
    • 0007770466 scopus 로고
    • Individuation and intimacy in intergenerational relationships and health: Patterns across two generations
    • Harvey D.M., Curry C.J., Bray J.H. Individuation and intimacy in intergenerational relationships and health: Patterns across two generations. Journal of Family Psychology 1991, 5:204-236.
    • (1991) Journal of Family Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 204-236
    • Harvey, D.M.1    Curry, C.J.2    Bray, J.H.3
  • 25
  • 26
    • 84991186807 scopus 로고
    • In pursuit of the perfect appearance: Discrepancies among self-ideal percepts of multiple physical attributes
    • Jacobi L., Cash T.F. In pursuit of the perfect appearance: Discrepancies among self-ideal percepts of multiple physical attributes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 1994, 24:379-396.
    • (1994) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 379-396
    • Jacobi, L.1    Cash, T.F.2
  • 30
    • 0035164771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural expectations of muscularity in men: The evolution of playgirl centerfolds
    • Leit R.A., Pope H.G., Gray J.J. Cultural expectations of muscularity in men: The evolution of playgirl centerfolds. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2001, 29:90-93.
    • (2001) International Journal of Eating Disorders , vol.29 , pp. 90-93
    • Leit, R.A.1    Pope, H.G.2    Gray, J.J.3
  • 31
    • 0034338818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender role conflict in men as a predictor of self-ratings of behavior on the Interpersonal Circle
    • Mahalik J.R. Gender role conflict in men as a predictor of self-ratings of behavior on the Interpersonal Circle. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology 2000, 19:276-292.
    • (2000) Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 276-292
    • Mahalik, J.R.1
  • 33
    • 0000720244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in an ethnically diverse group of adolescents
    • Mayville S., Katz R.C., Gipson M.T., Cabral K. Assessing the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in an ethnically diverse group of adolescents. Journal of Child & Family Studies 1999, 8:357-362.
    • (1999) Journal of Child & Family Studies , vol.8 , pp. 357-362
    • Mayville, S.1    Katz, R.C.2    Gipson, M.T.3    Cabral, K.4
  • 34
    • 0034183063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An exploration of the drive for muscularity in adolescent boys and girls
    • McCreary D.R., Sasse D. An exploration of the drive for muscularity in adolescent boys and girls. Journal of American College Health 2000, 48:297-304.
    • (2000) Journal of American College Health , vol.48 , pp. 297-304
    • McCreary, D.R.1    Sasse, D.2
  • 35
    • 17744391307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The drive for muscularity and masculinity: Testing the associations among gender-role traits, behaviors, attitudes and conflict
    • McCreary D.R., Saucier D.M., Courtenay W.H. The drive for muscularity and masculinity: Testing the associations among gender-role traits, behaviors, attitudes and conflict. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 2005, 6:83-94.
    • (2005) Psychology of Men & Masculinity , vol.6 , pp. 83-94
    • McCreary, D.R.1    Saucier, D.M.2    Courtenay, W.H.3
  • 38
    • 35648962801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition and male body image: Increased drive for muscularity following failure to a female
    • Mills J.S., D'Alfonso S.R. Competition and male body image: Increased drive for muscularity following failure to a female. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology 2007, 26:505-518.
    • (2007) Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 505-518
    • Mills, J.S.1    D'Alfonso, S.R.2
  • 40
    • 12144268715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does body satisfaction differ between gay men and lesbian women and heterosexual men and women? A meta-analytic review
    • Morrison M., Morrison S., Sager N. Does body satisfaction differ between gay men and lesbian women and heterosexual men and women? A meta-analytic review. Body Image 2004, 1:127-138.
    • (2004) Body Image , vol.1 , pp. 127-138
    • Morrison, M.1    Morrison, S.2    Sager, N.3
  • 41
    • 0141483678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striving for bodily perfection? An exploration of the drive for muscularity in Canadian men
    • Morrison T.G., Morrison M.A., Hopkins C. Striving for bodily perfection? An exploration of the drive for muscularity in Canadian men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 2003, 4:111-120.
    • (2003) Psychology of Men & Masculinity , vol.4 , pp. 111-120
    • Morrison, T.G.1    Morrison, M.A.2    Hopkins, C.3
  • 42
    • 0035539023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magazine exposure: Internalization, self-objectification, eating attitude, and body satisfaction in male and female university students
    • Morry M.M., Staska S.L. Magazine exposure: Internalization, self-objectification, eating attitude, and body satisfaction in male and female university students. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 2001, 33:269-279.
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science , vol.33 , pp. 269-279
    • Morry, M.M.1    Staska, S.L.2
  • 43
    • 0036896451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-objectification and its psychological outcomes for college women
    • Muehlenkamp J.J., Saris-Baglama R.N. Self-objectification and its psychological outcomes for college women. Psychology of Women 2002, 26:371-379.
    • (2002) Psychology of Women , vol.26 , pp. 371-379
    • Muehlenkamp, J.J.1    Saris-Baglama, R.N.2
  • 44
    • 4444297661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress, coping, and differentiation of self: A test of Bowen theory
    • Murdock N.L., Gore P.A. Stress, coping, and differentiation of self: A test of Bowen theory. Contemporary Family Therapy 2004, 26:319-335.
    • (2004) Contemporary Family Therapy , vol.26 , pp. 319-335
    • Murdock, N.L.1    Gore, P.A.2
  • 46
    • 0032264754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mediational model lnking self-objectification, body same and disordered eating
    • Noll S.M., Fredrickson B.L. A mediational model lnking self-objectification, body same and disordered eating. Psychology of Women Quarterly 1998, 22:623-636.
    • (1998) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.22 , pp. 623-636
    • Noll, S.M.1    Fredrickson, B.L.2
  • 47
    • 0033288645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Onset of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in early adolescence: Interplay of pubertal status, gender, weight, and age
    • O'Dea J.A., Abraham S. Onset of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in early adolescence: Interplay of pubertal status, gender, weight, and age. Adolescence 1999, 34:671-679.
    • (1999) Adolescence , vol.34 , pp. 671-679
    • O'Dea, J.A.1    Abraham, S.2
  • 48
    • 0034801332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mirror, mirror on the wall, who's the largest of them all? The features and phenomenology of muscle dysmorphia
    • Olivardia R. Mirror, mirror on the wall, who's the largest of them all? The features and phenomenology of muscle dysmorphia. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 2001, 9:254-259.
    • (2001) Harvard Review of Psychiatry , vol.9 , pp. 254-259
    • Olivardia, R.1
  • 49
    • 3042811455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biceps and body image: The relationship between muscularity and self-esteem, depression, and eating disorder symptoms
    • Olivardia R., Pope H.G., Borowiecki J.J., Cohane G.H. Biceps and body image: The relationship between muscularity and self-esteem, depression, and eating disorder symptoms. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 2004, 5:112-120.
    • (2004) Psychology of Men & Masculinity , vol.5 , pp. 112-120
    • Olivardia, R.1    Pope, H.G.2    Borowiecki, J.J.3    Cohane, G.H.4
  • 50
    • 42249096793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summarizing 25 years of research on men's gender role conflict using the Gender Role Conflict Scale: New research paradigms and clinical implications
    • O'Neil J.M. Summarizing 25 years of research on men's gender role conflict using the Gender Role Conflict Scale: New research paradigms and clinical implications. Counseling Psychologist 2008, 36:358-445.
    • (2008) Counseling Psychologist , vol.36 , pp. 358-445
    • O'Neil, J.M.1
  • 51
    • 0001003762 scopus 로고
    • Fifteen years of theory and research on men's gender role conflict: New paradigms for empirical research
    • Basic Books, New York, R. Levant, W. Pollack (Eds.)
    • O'Neil J.M., Good G.E., Holmes S. Fifteen years of theory and research on men's gender role conflict: New paradigms for empirical research. A new psychology of men 1995, 164-206. Basic Books, New York. R. Levant, W. Pollack (Eds.).
    • (1995) A new psychology of men , pp. 164-206
    • O'Neil, J.M.1    Good, G.E.2    Holmes, S.3
  • 52
    • 0000803933 scopus 로고
    • Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS): College men's fear of femininity
    • O'Neil J.M., Helms B., Gable R., David L., Wrightsman L. Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS): College men's fear of femininity. Sex Roles 1986, 14:335-350.
    • (1986) Sex Roles , vol.14 , pp. 335-350
    • O'Neil, J.M.1    Helms, B.2    Gable, R.3    David, L.4    Wrightsman, L.5
  • 53
    • 0141532142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bowen theory: A study of differentiation of self, social anxiety and physiological symptoms
    • Peleg-Popko O. Bowen theory: A study of differentiation of self, social anxiety and physiological symptoms. Contemporary Family Therapy 2002, 24:355-369.
    • (2002) Contemporary Family Therapy , vol.24 , pp. 355-369
    • Peleg-Popko, O.1
  • 57
    • 1542297825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A biopsychosocial model of disordered eating and the pursuit of muscularity in adolescent boys
    • Ricciardelli L.A., McCabe M.P. A biopsychosocial model of disordered eating and the pursuit of muscularity in adolescent boys. Psychological Bulletin 2004, 130:179-205.
    • (2004) Psychological Bulletin , vol.130 , pp. 179-205
    • Ricciardelli, L.A.1    McCabe, M.P.2
  • 59
    • 1642455790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between gender role conflict and attitudes toward women and African Americans
    • Robinson D.T., Schwartz J.P. Relationship between gender role conflict and attitudes toward women and African Americans. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 2004, 5:65-71.
    • (2004) Psychology of Men & Masculinity , vol.5 , pp. 65-71
    • Robinson, D.T.1    Schwartz, J.P.2
  • 61
    • 0346463537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of self-esteem, body satisfaction, and social physique anxiety across males of different exercise frequency and racial background
    • Russell W.D. Comparison of self-esteem, body satisfaction, and social physique anxiety across males of different exercise frequency and racial background. Journal of Sport Behavior 2002, 25:74-90.
    • (2002) Journal of Sport Behavior , vol.25 , pp. 74-90
    • Russell, W.D.1
  • 62
    • 43549118187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring entitlement as a moderator and mediator of the relationship between masculine gender role conflict and men's body esteem
    • Schwartz J.P., Tylka T.L. Exploring entitlement as a moderator and mediator of the relationship between masculine gender role conflict and men's body esteem. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 2008, 9:67-81.
    • (2008) Psychology of Men & Masculinity , vol.9 , pp. 67-81
    • Schwartz, J.P.1    Tylka, T.L.2
  • 63
    • 3042811505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attachment styles: Relationship to masculine gender role conflict in college men
    • Schwartz J.P., Waldo M., Higgins A.J. Attachment styles: Relationship to masculine gender role conflict in college men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 2004, 5:143-146.
    • (2004) Psychology of Men & Masculinity , vol.5 , pp. 143-146
    • Schwartz, J.P.1    Waldo, M.2    Higgins, A.J.3
  • 64
    • 0000326140 scopus 로고
    • Gender role, gender-role conflict, and psychological well-being in men
    • Sharpe M.J., Heppner P.P. Gender role, gender-role conflict, and psychological well-being in men. Journal of Counseling Psychology 1991, 38:323-330.
    • (1991) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 323-330
    • Sharpe, M.J.1    Heppner, P.P.2
  • 65
    • 0036058283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and behaviors associated with body image in male domestic violence offenders
    • Shelton S., Liljequist L. Characteristics and behaviors associated with body image in male domestic violence offenders. Eating Behaviors 2002, 3:217-227.
    • (2002) Eating Behaviors , vol.3 , pp. 217-227
    • Shelton, S.1    Liljequist, L.2
  • 66
    • 0034434168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of differentiation of self in marital adjustment
    • Skowron E.A. The role of differentiation of self in marital adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2000, 47:229-237.
    • (2000) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.47 , pp. 229-237
    • Skowron, E.A.1
  • 67
    • 0004350906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The differentiation of self inventory: Development and initial validation
    • Skowron E.A., Friedlander M.L. The differentiation of self inventory: Development and initial validation. Journal of Counseling Psychology 1998, 45:235-246.
    • (1998) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 235-246
    • Skowron, E.A.1    Friedlander, M.L.2
  • 70
    • 28844443979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reasons for exercise and body esteem: Men's responses to self-objectification
    • Strelan P., Hargreaves D. Reasons for exercise and body esteem: Men's responses to self-objectification. Sex Roles 2005, 53:495-503.
    • (2005) Sex Roles , vol.53 , pp. 495-503
    • Strelan, P.1    Hargreaves, D.2
  • 72
    • 34047110687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Our bodies, ourselves revisited: Male body image and psychological well-being
    • Tager D., Good G.E., Morrison J.B. Our bodies, ourselves revisited: Male body image and psychological well-being. International Journal of Men's Health 2006, 5:228-237.
    • (2006) International Journal of Men's Health , vol.5 , pp. 228-237
    • Tager, D.1    Good, G.E.2    Morrison, J.B.3
  • 75
    • 5044247332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of body objectification in disordered eating and depressed mood
    • Tiggemann M., Kuring J. The role of body objectification in disordered eating and depressed mood. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 2004, 43:299-311.
    • (2004) British Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 299-311
    • Tiggemann, M.1    Kuring, J.2
  • 76
    • 20344368549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and psychometric evaluation of the Male Body Attitudes Scale (MBAS)
    • Tylka T.L., Bergeron D., Schwartz J.P. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Male Body Attitudes Scale (MBAS). Body Image 2005, 2:161-175.
    • (2005) Body Image , vol.2 , pp. 161-175
    • Tylka, T.L.1    Bergeron, D.2    Schwartz, J.P.3
  • 77
    • 24044499028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • " Ally McBeal vs. Arnold Schwarzenegger": Comparing mass media, interpersonal feedback and gender as predictors of satisfaction with body thinness and muscularity
    • Vartanian L.R., Giant C.L., Passino R.M. " Ally McBeal vs. Arnold Schwarzenegger": Comparing mass media, interpersonal feedback and gender as predictors of satisfaction with body thinness and muscularity. Social Behavior & Personality 2001, 29:711-723.
    • (2001) Social Behavior & Personality , vol.29 , pp. 711-723
    • Vartanian, L.R.1    Giant, C.L.2    Passino, R.M.3
  • 78
    • 85055405222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negotiating the male body: Men, masculinity, and cultural ideals
    • Weinke C. Negotiating the male body: Men, masculinity, and cultural ideals. Journal of Men's Studies 1998, 6:255-282.
    • (1998) Journal of Men's Studies , vol.6 , pp. 255-282
    • Weinke, C.1
  • 80
    • 0000105287 scopus 로고
    • A matter of form: Potentials of television for young viewers
    • Wright J.C., Huston A.C. A matter of form: Potentials of television for young viewers. American Psychologist 1983, 38:835-843.
    • (1983) American Psychologist , vol.38 , pp. 835-843
    • Wright, J.C.1    Huston, A.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.