Relationship between Gender Role Conflict and Attitudes Toward Women and African Americans

Psychology of Men and Masculinity

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 65-71

  Robinson, Dianne T ^a   Schwartz, Jonathan P ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

^b LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 1642455790     PISSN: 15249220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/1524-9220.5.1.65     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Beere, C. A. (1990). Gender roles: A handbook of tests and measures. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
2. Blazina, C., & Watkins, C. E. (2000). Separation/individuation, parental attachment, and male gender role conflict: Attitudes toward the feminine and the fragile masculine self. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 1, 126-132.
3. Brigham, J. C. (1993). College students' racial attitudes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 1993-1967.
4. Cournoyer, R. J., & Mahalik, J. R. (1995). Cross-sectional study of gender role conflict examining college-aged and middle-aged men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 11-19.
5. Eisler, R. M., & Skidmore, J. R. (1987). Masculine gender-role stress: Scale development and component factors in the appraisal of stressful situations. Behavior Modification, 11, 123-136.
6. Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognitions (2nd ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill.
7. Frable, D. E. S. (1989). Sex typing and gender ideology: Two facets of the individual's gender psychology that go together. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 95-108.
8. Good, G. E., & Mintz, L. B. (1990). Gender role conflict and depression in college men: Evidence for compounded risk. Journal of Counseling and Development, 69, 17-21.
9. Good, G. E., Robertson, J. M., O'Neil, J. M., Fitz, L. F., DeBord, K. A., Stevens, M., Bartels, K. M., & Braveman, D. G. (1995). Male gender role conflict: Psychometric properties and relations to distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 3-10.
10. Good, G. E., Wallace, D. L., & Borst, T. S. (1994). Masculinity research. A review and critique. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 3, 3-13.
11. Henley, N. M., Meng, K., O'Brien, D., McCarthy, W. J., & Sockloskie, R. J. (1998). Developing a scale to measure the diversity of feminist attitudes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22, 317-348.
12. Heppner, P. P. (1995). On gender role conflict in men-future directions and implications for counseling: Comment on Good et al. (1995) and Cournoyer and Mahalik (1995). Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 20-23.
13. Kimmel, M. (1996). Manhood in America: A cultural history. New York: Free Press.
14. Kinder, D. R., & Sears, D. O. (1981). Prejudice and politics: Symbolic racism versus racial threats to the good life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 414-431.
15. Lash, S. J., Copenhaver, M. M., & Eisler, R. M. (1998). Masculine gender-role stress and substance abuse among substance-dependent males. Journal of Gender, Culture, and Health, 3, 183-191.
16. Marusza, J. (1997). Urban White working-class males and the possibility of collective anger: Patrolling Riley Road. The Urban Review, 29, 97-112.
17. McConahay, J. B., Hardee, B. B., & Batts, V. (1981). Has racism declined in America? Journal of Conflict Resolution, 25, 563-579.
18. Mintz, R. D., & Mahalik, J. R. (1996). Gender role orientation and conflict as predictors of family roles for men. Sex Roles, 34, 805-821.
19. O'Neil, J. M. (1982). Gender role conflict and strain in men's lives: Implications for psychiatrists, psychologists, and other human service providers. In K. Solomon & N. B. Levy (Eds.), Men in transition (pp. 5-40). New York: Plenum Press.
20. O'Neil, J. M. (1990). Assessing men's gender role conflict. In D. Moore & F. Leafgren (Eds.), Problem solving strategies and interventions for men in conflict (pp. 23-38). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
21. O'Neil, J. M., Good, G. E., & Holmes, S. (1995). Fifteen years of theory and research on men's gender role conflict. In R. Levant & W. Pollack (Eds.), The new psychology of men (pp. 164-206). New York: Basic Books.
22. O'Neil, J. M., Helms, B., Gable, R., David, L., & Wrights-man, L. (1986). Gender Role Conflict Scale: College men's fear of femininity. Sex Roles, 14, 335-350.
23. Parrott, D. J., Adams, H. E., & Zeichner, A. (2002). Homophobia: Personality and attitudinal correlates. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 1269-1278.
24. Rando, R. A., Rogers, J. R., & Brittan-Powell, S. C. (1998). Gender role conflict and college men's sexually aggressive attitudes and behavior. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 20, 359-369.
25. Schwartz, J. P., Merta, R., Waldo, M., & Bloom-Langell, J. (1998, August). Measuring spouse abuse group outcomes using the Gender Role Conflict Scale. In J. M. O'Neil, (Chair), Gender-role conflict research: Expanding empirical research in men's studies. Symposium conducted at the 106th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco.
26. Sinn, J. S. (1997). The predictive and discriminant validity of masculinity ideology. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 117-135.
27. Spence, J. T., & Hahn, E. D. (1997). The Attitudes Toward Women Scale and altitude change in college students. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 17-34.
28. Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. L. (1972). The Attitudes Toward Women Scale: An objective instrument to measure the attitudes toward the rights and roles of women in contemporary society. JSAS: Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 2, 66-67.
29. Swim, J. K., Aikin, K. J., Hall, W. S., & Hunter, B. A. (1995). Sexism and racism: Old-fashioned and modern prejudices. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 199-214.
30. Thompson, E. H., Pleck, J. H., & Ferrera, D. L. (1992). Men and masculinities: Scales for masculinity ideology and masculinity-related constructs. Sex Roles, 27, 573-607.
31. Tokar, D. M., Fischer, A. R., & Schaub, M. (1998, August). Men's personality, gender role traditionally, and gender role conflict. Presentation in J. M. O'Neil & G. E. Good (Chairs), Gender role conflict research: Expanding empineal research in men's studies. Symposium presented at the American Psychological Association, San Francisco.
32. Truman, D. M., Tokar, D. M., & Fischer, A. R. (1996). Dimensions of masculinity: Relations to date rape supportive attitudes and sexual aggression in dating situations. Journal of Counseling and Development, 74, 555-562.
33. Wade, J. C., & Brittan-Powell, C. (2001). Men's attitudes toward race and gender equity: The importance of masculinity ideology, gender-related traits, and reference group identity dependence. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 2, 42-50.
34. Weigel, R. H., & Howes, P. W. (1985). Conceptions of racial prejudice: Symbolic racism reconsidered. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 117-138.