메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 162, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 331-340

The kinetic analysis of isothermal curing reaction of an unsaturated polyester resin: Estimation of the density distribution function of the apparent activation energy

Author keywords

Autocatalytic model; DDFEa; Diffusion; Isothermal curing; Kinetics; Polyester resin

Indexed keywords

APPARENT ACTIVATION ENERGY; AUTOCATALYTIC MODEL; CURING KINETICS; CURING PROCESS; CURING REACTIONS; DEGREE OF CURE; DENSITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; DIFFUSION CONTROL; ISO-CONVERSIONAL METHOD; KINETIC ANALYSIS; KINETIC LAW; KINETIC PROCESS; POLYESTER RESIN; RATE-LIMITING STEPS; UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN; VITRIFICATION POINTS;

EID: 77954542693     PISSN: 13858947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.05.010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (49)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0001150197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unsaturated polyester resins (Toughening with elastomers)
    • CRC Press, Boca Raton/New York/London/Tokyo
    • McBain D.S. Unsaturated polyester resins (Toughening with elastomers). Polymeric Materials - Encyclopedia 1996, vol. 11:8486-8488. CRC Press, Boca Raton/New York/London/Tokyo.
    • (1996) Polymeric Materials - Encyclopedia , vol.11 , pp. 8486-8488
    • McBain, D.S.1
  • 3
    • 4444277167 scopus 로고
    • A rheological and chemical overview of thermoset curing, in: C.A. May (Ed.), Chemorheology of Thermosetting Polymers, ACS Symposium Series, ACS Publication, American Chemical Society, (Chapter 13).
    • C.D. Han, K.-W. Lem, A rheological and chemical overview of thermoset curing, in: C.A. May (Ed.), Chemorheology of Thermosetting Polymers, ACS Symposium Series, vol. 227, ACS Publication, American Chemical Society, 1983, pp. 201-221 (Chapter 13).
    • (1983) , vol.227 , pp. 201-221
    • Han, C.D.1    Lem, K.-W.2
  • 5
    • 77954533096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cao, Integrated Analysis of low Profile Unsaturated Polyester and Vinylester Resins Cured at Low Temperatures, PhD Thesis, The Ohio State University,
    • M.S. Xia Cao, Integrated Analysis of low Profile Unsaturated Polyester and Vinylester Resins Cured at Low Temperatures, PhD Thesis, The Ohio State University, 2002, pp. 22-51.
    • (2002) , pp. 22-51
    • Xia, M.S.1
  • 7
    • 0003167169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curing behavior of an unsaturated polyester system analyzed by Avrami equation
    • Lu M.G., Shim M.J., Kim S.W. Curing behavior of an unsaturated polyester system analyzed by Avrami equation. Thermochim. Acta 1998, 323:37-42.
    • (1998) Thermochim. Acta , vol.323 , pp. 37-42
    • Lu, M.G.1    Shim, M.J.2    Kim, S.W.3
  • 8
    • 0035152679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unsaturated polyester resins cure: kinetic, rheologic, and mechanical dynamical analysis. II. The glass transition in the mechanical dynamical spectrum of polyester dynamical spectrum of polyester networks
    • Vilas J.L., Laza J.M., Garay M.T., Rodríguez M., León L.M. Unsaturated polyester resins cure: kinetic, rheologic, and mechanical dynamical analysis. II. The glass transition in the mechanical dynamical spectrum of polyester dynamical spectrum of polyester networks. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 2001, 39:146-152.
    • (2001) J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. , vol.39 , pp. 146-152
    • Vilas, J.L.1    Laza, J.M.2    Garay, M.T.3    Rodríguez, M.4    León, L.M.5
  • 9
    • 0030110656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of the cure kinetics of an unsaturated polyester resin using different procedures
    • Salla J.M., Ramis X. Comparative study of the cure kinetics of an unsaturated polyester resin using different procedures. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1996, 36:835-851.
    • (1996) Polym. Eng. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 835-851
    • Salla, J.M.1    Ramis, X.2
  • 10
    • 33846494969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetic analysis of two DSC peaks in the curing of an unsaturated polyester resin catalyzed with methylethylketone peroxide and cobalt octoate
    • Martin J.L. Kinetic analysis of two DSC peaks in the curing of an unsaturated polyester resin catalyzed with methylethylketone peroxide and cobalt octoate. Polym. Eng. Sci. 2007, 47:62-70.
    • (2007) Polym. Eng. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 62-70
    • Martin, J.L.1
  • 12
    • 0038719165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resin-transfer molding of natural fiber-reinforced plastic. I. Kinetic study of an unsaturated polyester resin containing an inhibitor and various promoters
    • Rouison D., Sain M., Couturier M. Resin-transfer molding of natural fiber-reinforced plastic. I. Kinetic study of an unsaturated polyester resin containing an inhibitor and various promoters. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003, 89:2553-2561.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , vol.89 , pp. 2553-2561
    • Rouison, D.1    Sain, M.2    Couturier, M.3
  • 14
    • 43649088603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal filled resin for stereolithography metal part
    • Bartolo P.J., Gaspar J. Metal filled resin for stereolithography metal part. CIRP Ann.-Manuf. Technol. 2008, 57:235-238.
    • (2008) CIRP Ann.-Manuf. Technol. , vol.57 , pp. 235-238
    • Bartolo, P.J.1    Gaspar, J.2
  • 15
    • 1842684825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase transformations during the cure of unsaturated polyester resins
    • Lionetto F., Rizzo R., Luprano V.A.M., Maffezzoli A. Phase transformations during the cure of unsaturated polyester resins. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2004, 370:284-287.
    • (2004) Mater. Sci. Eng. A , vol.370 , pp. 284-287
    • Lionetto, F.1    Rizzo, R.2    Luprano, V.A.M.3    Maffezzoli, A.4
  • 16
    • 1542577173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and characterization of organic-inorganic hybrids based on epoxy resin and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane
    • Macan J., Ivankovic H., Ivankovic M., Mencer H.J. Synthesis and characterization of organic-inorganic hybrids based on epoxy resin and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2004, 92:498-505.
    • (2004) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , vol.92 , pp. 498-505
    • Macan, J.1    Ivankovic, H.2    Ivankovic, M.3    Mencer, H.J.4
  • 17
    • 0037011815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isothermal curing by dynamic mechanical analysis of three epoxy resin systems: gelation and vitrification
    • López J., Ramírez C., Torres A., Abad M.J., Barral L., Cano J., Díez F.J. Isothermal curing by dynamic mechanical analysis of three epoxy resin systems: gelation and vitrification. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2002, 83:78-85.
    • (2002) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , vol.83 , pp. 78-85
    • López, J.1    Ramírez, C.2    Torres, A.3    Abad, M.J.4    Barral, L.5    Cano, J.6    Díez, F.J.7
  • 19
    • 0029732698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manufacturing model for three-dimensional irregular pultruded graphite/epoxy composites
    • Chachad Y.R., Roux J.A., Vaughan J.G., Arafat E.S. Manufacturing model for three-dimensional irregular pultruded graphite/epoxy composites. Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 1996, 27(3):201-210.
    • (1996) Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 201-210
    • Chachad, Y.R.1    Roux, J.A.2    Vaughan, J.G.3    Arafat, E.S.4
  • 20
    • 0344542084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of temperature and curing profiles in pultruded composite rods
    • Suratno S., Ye L., Mai Y.W. Simulation of temperature and curing profiles in pultruded composite rods. Comp. Sci. Technol. 1998, 58:191-197.
    • (1998) Comp. Sci. Technol. , vol.58 , pp. 191-197
    • Suratno, S.1    Ye, L.2    Mai, Y.W.3
  • 21
    • 0026970954 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the cure of thermosetting polymers: effect of the coefficient of surface heat transfer
    • Azaar K., El Brouzi A., Granger R., Vergnaud J.M. Modeling the cure of thermosetting polymers: effect of the coefficient of surface heat transfer. Plastics Rubber Comp. Process. Appl. 1992, 18:95-102.
    • (1992) Plastics Rubber Comp. Process. Appl. , vol.18 , pp. 95-102
    • Azaar, K.1    El Brouzi, A.2    Granger, R.3    Vergnaud, J.M.4
  • 22
    • 49249100080 scopus 로고
    • Study of the kinetics of the mechanism of solid-state reactions at increasing temperatures
    • Šesták J., Berggren G. Study of the kinetics of the mechanism of solid-state reactions at increasing temperatures. Thermochim. Acta 1971, 3:1-12.
    • (1971) Thermochim. Acta , vol.3 , pp. 1-12
    • Šesták, J.1    Berggren, G.2
  • 23
    • 0028438464 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic parameters estimation for cure reaction of epoxy based vinyl ester resin
    • Lee J.H., Lee J.W. Kinetic parameters estimation for cure reaction of epoxy based vinyl ester resin. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1994, 34:742-745.
    • (1994) Polym. Eng. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 742-745
    • Lee, J.H.1    Lee, J.W.2
  • 24
    • 84989031241 scopus 로고
    • Isothermal and dynamic reaction kinetics of high performance epoxy matrices
    • Kenny J.M., Trivisano A. Isothermal and dynamic reaction kinetics of high performance epoxy matrices. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1991, 31:1426-1433.
    • (1991) Polym. Eng. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 1426-1433
    • Kenny, J.M.1    Trivisano, A.2
  • 25
    • 37049163244 scopus 로고
    • Collision, co-ordination, diffusion and reaction velocity in condensed systems
    • Rabinowitch E. Collision, co-ordination, diffusion and reaction velocity in condensed systems. Trans. Faraday Soc. 1937, 33:1225-1233.
    • (1937) Trans. Faraday Soc. , vol.33 , pp. 1225-1233
    • Rabinowitch, E.1
  • 26
    • 0037129887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning about epoxy cure mechanisms from isoconversional analysis of DSC data
    • Sbirrazzuoli N., Vyazovkin S. Learning about epoxy cure mechanisms from isoconversional analysis of DSC data. Thermochim. Acta 2002, 388:289-298.
    • (2002) Thermochim. Acta , vol.388 , pp. 289-298
    • Sbirrazzuoli, N.1    Vyazovkin, S.2
  • 27
    • 0024622105 scopus 로고
    • Isothermal and temperature programmed kinetic studies of thermosets
    • Gonzales-Romero V.M., Casillas N. Isothermal and temperature programmed kinetic studies of thermosets. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1989, 29:295-301.
    • (1989) Polym. Eng. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 295-301
    • Gonzales-Romero, V.M.1    Casillas, N.2
  • 28
    • 0023421699 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of glass transition temperature of polymers: a model based on the principle of corresponding states
    • DiBenedetto A.T. Prediction of glass transition temperature of polymers: a model based on the principle of corresponding states. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 1987, 25:1949-1969.
    • (1987) J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. , vol.25 , pp. 1949-1969
    • DiBenedetto, A.T.1
  • 29
    • 0000894118 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of thermal degradation of char-forming plastics from thermo-gravimetry. Applications to a phenol plastic
    • Friedman H.L. Kinetics of thermal degradation of char-forming plastics from thermo-gravimetry. Applications to a phenol plastic. J. Polym. Sci. Part C 1963, 6:183-195.
    • (1963) J. Polym. Sci. Part C , vol.6 , pp. 183-195
    • Friedman, H.L.1
  • 30
    • 0035382277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetic analysis of solid-state processes
    • Málek J., Mitsuhashi T., Criado J.M. Kinetic analysis of solid-state processes. J. Mater. Res. 2001, 16:1862-1871.
    • (2001) J. Mater. Res. , vol.16 , pp. 1862-1871
    • Málek, J.1    Mitsuhashi, T.2    Criado, J.M.3
  • 31
    • 0000750574 scopus 로고
    • The kinetic analysis of non-isothermal data
    • Málek J. The kinetic analysis of non-isothermal data. Thermochim. Acta 1992, 200:257-269.
    • (1992) Thermochim. Acta , vol.200 , pp. 257-269
    • Málek, J.1
  • 32
    • 0037884535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of cobalt promoter and glass fibers on the curing behavior of unsaturated polyester resin
    • Yousefi A., Lafleur P.G., Gauvin R. The effects of cobalt promoter and glass fibers on the curing behavior of unsaturated polyester resin. J. Vinyl Additive Technol. 1997, 3:157-169.
    • (1997) J. Vinyl Additive Technol. , vol.3 , pp. 157-169
    • Yousefi, A.1    Lafleur, P.G.2    Gauvin, R.3
  • 33
    • 0033613638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reaction kinetics and heat transfer studies in thermoset resins
    • Nzihou A., Sharrock P., Ricard A. Reaction kinetics and heat transfer studies in thermoset resins. Chem. Eng. J. 1999, 72:53-61.
    • (1999) Chem. Eng. J. , vol.72 , pp. 53-61
    • Nzihou, A.1    Sharrock, P.2    Ricard, A.3
  • 34
    • 0000991481 scopus 로고
    • Arrhenius parameters for solid-state reactions from isothermal rate-time curves
    • Brown M.E., Galwey A.K. Arrhenius parameters for solid-state reactions from isothermal rate-time curves. Anal. Chem. 1989, 61:1136-1139.
    • (1989) Anal. Chem. , vol.61 , pp. 1136-1139
    • Brown, M.E.1    Galwey, A.K.2
  • 36
    • 0028196109 scopus 로고
    • Determination of autocatalytic kinetic model parameters describing thermoset cure
    • Kenny J.M. Determination of autocatalytic kinetic model parameters describing thermoset cure. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1994, 51:761-764.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 761-764
    • Kenny, J.M.1
  • 37
    • 0018431111 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of epoxy cure: a rapid technique for kinetic parameter estimation
    • Ryan M.E., Dutta A. Kinetics of epoxy cure: a rapid technique for kinetic parameter estimation. Polymer 1979, 20:203-206.
    • (1979) Polymer , vol.20 , pp. 203-206
    • Ryan, M.E.1    Dutta, A.2
  • 38
    • 0040626962 scopus 로고
    • Etude cinetique de la reticulation du polyeaster iso-phtalique insature par DSC-I. Etude isotherme
    • Abadie M.J.M., Sakkas D. Etude cinetique de la reticulation du polyeaster iso-phtalique insature par DSC-I. Etude isotherme. Eur. Polym. J. 1992, 28:873-879.
    • (1992) Eur. Polym. J. , vol.28 , pp. 873-879
    • Abadie, M.J.M.1    Sakkas, D.2
  • 39
    • 0000873069 scopus 로고
    • A method for the solution of certain non-linear problems in least squares
    • Levenberg K. A method for the solution of certain non-linear problems in least squares. Quart. Appl. Math. 1944, 2:164-168.
    • (1944) Quart. Appl. Math. , vol.2 , pp. 164-168
    • Levenberg, K.1
  • 40
    • 0000169232 scopus 로고
    • An Algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters
    • Marquardt D. An Algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 1963, 11:431-441.
    • (1963) SIAM J. Appl. Math. , vol.11 , pp. 431-441
    • Marquardt, D.1
  • 43
    • 0023364331 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic model for curing reactions of epoxides with amines
    • Chern C.S., Poehlein G.W. Kinetic model for curing reactions of epoxides with amines. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1987, 27:782-795.
    • (1987) Polym. Eng. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 782-795
    • Chern, C.S.1    Poehlein, G.W.2
  • 44
    • 0026152546 scopus 로고
    • A new approach to modeling the cure kinetics of epoxy/amine thermosetting resins. 2. Application to a typical system based on bis[4-(diglycidylamino)phenyl]methane and bis(4-aminophenyl)sulfone
    • Cole K.C., Hechler J.J., Noel D. A new approach to modeling the cure kinetics of epoxy/amine thermosetting resins. 2. Application to a typical system based on bis[4-(diglycidylamino)phenyl]methane and bis(4-aminophenyl)sulfone. Macromolecules 1991, 24:3098-3110.
    • (1991) Macromolecules , vol.24 , pp. 3098-3110
    • Cole, K.C.1    Hechler, J.J.2    Noel, D.3
  • 45
    • 0033097886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cure kinetics of biphenyl epoxy-phenol novolac resin system using triphenylphosphine as catalyst
    • Han S., Yoon H.G., Suh K.S., Kim W.G., Moon T.J. Cure kinetics of biphenyl epoxy-phenol novolac resin system using triphenylphosphine as catalyst. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 1999, 37:713-720.
    • (1999) J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. , vol.37 , pp. 713-720
    • Han, S.1    Yoon, H.G.2    Suh, K.S.3    Kim, W.G.4    Moon, T.J.5
  • 46
    • 30444444531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study on curing kinetic of bisphenol-F using benzyl dimethyl amine by isothermal DSC
    • Shokrolahi F., Sadi M., Shokrolahi P. A study on curing kinetic of bisphenol-F using benzyl dimethyl amine by isothermal DSC. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2005, 82:151-156.
    • (2005) J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. , vol.82 , pp. 151-156
    • Shokrolahi, F.1    Sadi, M.2    Shokrolahi, P.3
  • 47
    • 29344445039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cure kinetics and mechanical properties of the blend system of epoxy/diaminodiphenyl sulfone and amine terminated polyetherimide-carboxyl terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) block copolymer
    • Kim D., Beak J., Choe Y., Kim W. Cure kinetics and mechanical properties of the blend system of epoxy/diaminodiphenyl sulfone and amine terminated polyetherimide-carboxyl terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) block copolymer. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 2005, 22:755-761.
    • (2005) Korean J. Chem. Eng. , vol.22 , pp. 755-761
    • Kim, D.1    Beak, J.2    Choe, Y.3    Kim, W.4
  • 48
    • 0242690894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating diffusion-controlled reaction parameters in photoinitiated polymerization of dimethacrylate macromonomers
    • Choe Y. Estimating diffusion-controlled reaction parameters in photoinitiated polymerization of dimethacrylate macromonomers. Macromol. Res. 2003, 11:311-316.
    • (2003) Macromol. Res. , vol.11 , pp. 311-316
    • Choe, Y.1
  • 49
    • 71349084352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of cure for a coating system including DGEBA (n=0)/1,8-NDA and barium carbonate
    • Omrani A., Rostamia A.A., Sedaghata E. Kinetics of cure for a coating system including DGEBA (n=0)/1,8-NDA and barium carbonate. Thermochim. Acta 2010, 497:21-26.
    • (2010) Thermochim. Acta , vol.497 , pp. 21-26
    • Omrani, A.1    Rostamia, A.A.2    Sedaghata, E.3
  • 51
    • 22444452161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A kinetic study of Off-stoichiometric biphenyl epoxy-dicyclopentadiene type phenolic resin system
    • Choi I.J., Han S., Yoon H.G., Kim W.G. A kinetic study of Off-stoichiometric biphenyl epoxy-dicyclopentadiene type phenolic resin system. Polymer (Korea) 1998, 22:839-848.
    • (1998) Polymer (Korea) , vol.22 , pp. 839-848
    • Choi, I.J.1    Han, S.2    Yoon, H.G.3    Kim, W.G.4
  • 52
    • 0037737458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cure reactions of epoxy/anhydride/(polyamide copolymer) blends
    • Choe Y., Kim W. Cure reactions of epoxy/anhydride/(polyamide copolymer) blends. Macromol. Res. 2002, 10:259-265.
    • (2002) Macromol. Res. , vol.10 , pp. 259-265
    • Choe, Y.1    Kim, W.2
  • 53
    • 0033881077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On characterization of Williams-Landel-Ferry equation for non-linear analysis
    • Gurvich M.R., Andonian A.T. On characterization of Williams-Landel-Ferry equation for non-linear analysis. J. Mater. Sci. 2000, 35:289-292.
    • (2000) J. Mater. Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 289-292
    • Gurvich, M.R.1    Andonian, A.T.2
  • 54
    • 0346675541 scopus 로고
    • Williams-Landel-Ferry versus Arrhenius behaviour: polystyrene melt viscoelasticity revised
    • Lomellini P. Williams-Landel-Ferry versus Arrhenius behaviour: polystyrene melt viscoelasticity revised. Polymer 1992, 33:4983-4989.
    • (1992) Polymer , vol.33 , pp. 4983-4989
    • Lomellini, P.1
  • 55
    • 0029271091 scopus 로고
    • o(E) in the distributed activation energy model from three sets of experimental data
    • o(E) in the distributed activation energy model from three sets of experimental data. Energy Fuels 1995, 9:302-307.
    • (1995) Energy Fuels , vol.9 , pp. 302-307
    • Miura, K.1
  • 56
    • 0008041719 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of chemical reaction kinetics using a distribution of activation energies and simpler models
    • Braun R.L., Burnham A.K. Analysis of chemical reaction kinetics using a distribution of activation energies and simpler models. Energy Fuels 1987, 1:153-161.
    • (1987) Energy Fuels , vol.1 , pp. 153-161
    • Braun, R.L.1    Burnham, A.K.2
  • 57
    • 0016601788 scopus 로고
    • Rapid devolatilization of pulverized coal, 15th Int. Symp. on Combust, The Combust. Inst., PA,
    • D.B. Anthony, J.B. Howard, H.C. Hottel, H.P. Meissner, Rapid devolatilization of pulverized coal, 15th Int. Symp. on Combust, The Combust. Inst., PA, 1975, pp. 1303-1317.
    • (1975) , pp. 1303-1317
    • Anthony, D.B.1    Howard, J.B.2    Hottel, H.C.3    Meissner, H.P.4
  • 58
    • 0016975698 scopus 로고
    • Coal devolatilization and hydrogasification
    • Anthony D.B., Howard J.B. Coal devolatilization and hydrogasification. AIChE J. 1976, 22:625-656.
    • (1976) AIChE J. , vol.22 , pp. 625-656
    • Anthony, D.B.1    Howard, J.B.2
  • 60
    • 0032761832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global kinetic analysis of complex materials
    • Burnham A.K., Braun R.L. Global kinetic analysis of complex materials. Energy Fuels 1999, 13(1):1-22.
    • (1999) Energy Fuels , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-22
    • Burnham, A.K.1    Braun, R.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.