Comparative Scaling of Humeral Cross-Sections of Felids and Canids Using Radiographic Images

Journal of Mammalian Evolution

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 193-209

  Meachen Samuels, Julie ^a  

^a NATIONAL EVOLUTIONARY SYNTHESIS CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Allometry; Body mass; Carnivore; Cortical thickness; Humerus; X rays

Indexed keywords

CANIDAE; CANIS FAMILIARIS; FELIDAE; SPEOTHOS VENATICUS;

EID: 77954459714     PISSN: 10647554     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10914-010-9133-y     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Alexander RM (1968) Animal Mechanics. Sidgwick and Jackson, London.
2. Andersson K (2004) Predicting body mass from a weight bearing joint. J Zool Lond 262: 161-172.
3. Anyonge W (1993) Body mass in large extant and extinct carnivores. J Zool Lond 231: 339-350.
4. Anyonge W, Roman C (2006) New body mass estimates for Canis dirus, the extinct Pleistocene dire wolf. J Vertebr Paleontol 26: 209-212.
5. Bardeleben C, Moore RL, Wayne RK (2005) A molecular phylogeny of the Canidae based on six nuclear loci. Mol Phylogenet Evol 37: 815-831.
6. Bates M (1944) Notes on a captive Icticyon. J Mammal 25: 152-154.
7. Bertram JEA, Biewener AA (1988) Bone curvature: sacrificing strength for load predictability? J Theor Biol 131: 75-92.
8. Bertram JEA, Biewener AA (1990) Differential scaling of the long bones in the terrestrial Carnivora and other mammals. J Morphol 204: 157-169.
9. Bertram JEA, Swartz SM (1991) The 'law of bone transformation': a case of crying wolf? Biol Rev 66: 245-273.
10. Bieseigel BD, Zuercher GL (2005) Speothos venaticus. Mammalian Species 783: 1-6.
11. Biknevicius AR (1993) Biomechanical scaling of limb bones and differential limb use in caviomorph rodents. J Mammal 74: 95-107.
12. Biknevicius AR (1999) Body mass estimation in armoured mammals: cautions and encouragements for the use of parameters from the appendicular skeleton. J Zool Lond 248: 179-187.
13. Biknevicius AR, Ruff CB (1992a) Use of biplanar radiographs for estimating cross-sectional geometric properties of mandibles. Anat Rec 232: 157-163.
14. Biknevicius AR, Ruff CB (1992b) The structure of the mandibular corpus and its relationship to feeding behaviors in extant carnivorans. J Zool Lond 228: 479-507.
15. Carbone C, Mace GM, Roberts SC, Macdonald DW (1999) Energetic constraints on the diet of terrestrial carnivores. Nature 402: 286-288.
16. Caro TM (1994) Cheetahs of the Serengeti Plains. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
17. Cartmill M (1985) Climbing. In: Hildebrand M, Bramble DM, Liem KF, Wake DB (eds) Functional Vertebrate Morphology. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 73-88.
18. Clauset A, Schwab DJ, Redner S (2009) How many species have mass M? Am Nat 173: 256-263.
19. De Esteban-Trivigno S, Mendoza M, De Renzi M (2008) Body mass estimation in Xenarthra: A predictive equation suitable for all quadrupedal terrestrial placentals? J Morphol 269: 1276-1293.
20. Demes B, Carlson K (2009) Locomotor variation and bending regimes of capuchin limb bones. Am J Phys Anthropol 139: 558-571.
21. Demes B, Jungers WL (1993) Long bone cross-sectional dimensions, locomotor adaptations in body size in prosimian primates. J Hum Evol 25: 57-74.
22. Demes B, Qin Y-X, Stern JT Jr, Larson SG, Rubin CT (2001) Patterns of strain in the macaque tibia during functional activity. Am J Phys Anthropol 116: 257-265.
23. Demes B, Stern JT Jr, Hausman MR, Larson SG, McLeod KJ, Rubin CT (1998) Patterns of strain in the macaque ulna during functional activity. Am J Phys Anthropol 106: 87-100.
24. Deutch LA (1983) An encounter between bush dog (Speothos venaticus) and paca (Agouti paca). J Mammal 64: 532-533.
25. Doube M, Wiktorowicz-Conroy A, Christiansen P, Hutchinson JR, Shefelbine S (2009) Three-dimensional geometric analysis of felid limb bone allometry. PLoS ONE 4: e4742. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0004742.
26. Ewer RF (1973) The Carnivores. Cornell University Press, New York.
27. Falster DS, Warton DI, Wright IJ (2006) SMATR: Standardised Major Axis Tests & Routines. Macquarie University, Australia. http://.bio.mq.edu.au/ecology/SMATR/.
28. Felsenstein J (1985) Phylogenies and the comparative method. Am Nat 125: 1-15.
29. Gittleman JL, van Valkenburgh B (1997) Sexual dimorphism in the canines and skulls of carnivores: effects of size, phylogeny and behavioral ecology. J Zool Lond 242: 97-117.
30. Goldman EA (1920) Mammals of Panama. Smithson Misc Coll 69: 1-309.
31. Heinrich R, Biknevicius A (1998) Skeletal allometry and interlimb scaling patterns in mustelid carnivorans. J Morphol 235: 121-134.
32. Hunter L (2005) Cats of Africa: Behavior, Ecology and Conservation. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
33. Jacquemont S, Jacquenet F, Sebban M (2009) A lower bound on the sample size needed to perform a significant frequent pattern mining task. Pattern Recogn Lett 30: 960-967.
34. Johnson WE, Eizirik E, Pecon-Slattery J, Murphy WJ, Agostinho A, Teeling E, O'Brien SJ (2006) The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: a genetic assessment. Science 31: 73-77.
35. Kitchener A (1991) The Natural History of the Wild Cats. A& C Black, London.
36. Kleiman D (1972) Social behavior of the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and bush dog (Speothos venaticus): a study in contrast. J Mammal 53: 791-806.
37. Leyhausen P (1979) Cat Behavior: The Predatory and Social Behavior of Domestic and Wild Cats. Garland STMP Press, New York.
38. Lieberman DE, Polk JD, Demes B (2004) Predicting long bone loading from cross-sectional geometry. Am J Phys Anthropol 123: 156-171.
39. Lindblad-Toh K, Wade CM, Mikkelsen TS, Karlsson EK, Jaffe DB, Kamal M, Clamp M, Chang JL, Kulbokas EJ, Zody MC, Mauceli E, Xie XH, Breen M, Wayne RK, Ostrander EA, Ponting CP, Galibert F, Smith DR, deJong PJ, Kirkness E, Alvarez P, Biagi T, Brockman W, Butler J, Chin CW, Cook A, Cuff J, Daly MJ, DeCaprio D, Gnerre S, Grabherr M, Kellis M, Kleber M, Bardeleben C, Goodstadt L, Heger A, Hitte C, Kim L, Koepfli KP, Parker HG, Pollinger JP, Searle SMJ, Sutter NB, Thomas R, Webber C, Lander ES (2005) Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. Nature 438: 803-819.
40. MacDonald DW (1996) Social behaviour of captive bush dogs (Speothos venaticus). J Zool Lond 239: 525-543.
41. Madar SI, Rose MD, Kelly J, MacLatchy L, Pilbeam D (2002) New Sivapithecus postcranial specimens from the Sivaliks of Pakistan. J Hum Evol 42: 705-752.
42. Maddison WP, Maddison DR (2006) Mesquite: A Modular System for Evolutionary Analysis. Version 2.6. Available at http://mesquiteproject.org.
43. Martin RB, Burr DB, Sharkey NA (1998) Skeletal Tissue Mechanics. Springer, New York.
44. Matsuda I, Tuuga A, Higashi S (2008) Clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) predation on proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) in Sabah, Malaysia. Primates 49: 227-231.
45. Meachen-Samuels J, van Valkenburgh B (2009a) Craniodental indicators of prey-size preference in the Felidae. Biol J Linn Soc 96: 784-799.
46. Meachen-Samuels J, van Valkenburgh B (2009b) Forelimb indicators of prey-size preference in the Felidae. J Morphol 270: 729-744.
47. Mendoza M, Janis CM, Palmqvist P (2006) Estimating the body mass of extinct ungulates: a study on the use of multiple regression. J Zool Lond 270: 90-101.
48. Merriam JC (1912) The fauna of Rancho La Brea. Part II Canidae Mem Univ Calif 1: 217-273.
49. Mosimann JE, James FC (1979) New statistical methods for allometry with application to Florida red-winged blackbirds. Evolution 33: 444-459.
50. Nowak RM (2005) Walker's Carnivores of the World, 7th edn. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
51. Polk JD, Demes B, Jungers WL, Biknevicius AR, Heinrich RE, Runestad JA (2000) A comparison of primate, carnivoran and rodent limb bone cross-sectional properties: are primates really unique? J Hum Evol 39: 297-325.
52. Rasband WS (2007) ImageJ. U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/, 1997-2007.
53. Read AJ, Tolley KA (1997) Postnatal growth and allometry of harbor porpoises from the Bay of Fundy. Can J Zool 75: 122-130.
54. Roark RJ (1965) Formulas for Stress and Strain. McGraw-Hill, New York.
55. Robling AG, Hinant FM, Burr DB, Turner CH (2002) Improved bone structure and strength after long-term mechanical loading is greatest if loading is separated into short bouts. J Bone Miner Res 17: 1545-1554.
56. Roth VL (1990) Insular dwarf elephants: a case study in body mass estimation and ecological inference. In: Damuth J, MacFadden B (eds) Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology: Estimation and Biological Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 151-180.
57. Rubin CT, Gross TS, McLeod KJ, Bain SD (1995) Morphologic stages in lamellar bone formation stimulated by a potent mechanical stimulus. J Bone Miner Res 10: 488-495.
58. Rubin CT, Lanyon LE (1982) Limb mechanics as a function of speed and gait: a study of functional strains in the radius and tibia of horse and dog. J Exp Biol 101: 187-211.
59. Ruff CB (1990) Body mass and hindlimb bone cross-sectional and articular dimensions in anthropoid primates. In: Damuth J, MacFadden B (eds) Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology: Estimation and Biological Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 119-150.
60. Ruff CB (2003) Long bone articular and diaphyseal structure in old world monkeys and apes. II: estimation of body mass. Am J Phys Anthropol 129: 16-37.
61. Ruff CB, Hayes WC (1983) Cross-sectional geometry of Pecos Pueblo femora and tibiae- a biomechanical investigation: 1. method and general patterns of variation. Am J Phys Anthropol 60: 359-381.
62. Ruff CB, Holt BH, Trinkaus E (2006) Who's afraid of the big bad Wolff? Wolff 's law and bone functional adaptation. Am J Phys Anthropol 129: 484-498.
63. Ruff CB, Scott WW, Liu AY-C (1991) Articular and diaphyseal remodeling of the proximal femur with changes in body mass in adults. Am J Phys Anthropol 86: 397-413.
64. Ruff CB, Walker A, Teaford MF (1989) Body mass, sexual dimorphism and femoral proportions of Proconsul from Rusinga and Mfangano Islands, Kenya. J Hum Evol 18: 515-536.
65. Runestad JA (1997) Postcranial adaptations for climbing in the Lorisidae (Primates). J Zool Lond 242: 261-290.
66. Runestad JA, Ruff CB (1995) Structural adaptations for gliding mammals with implications for locomotor behavior in paromomyids. Am J Phys Anthropol 98: 101-119.
67. Runestad JA, Ruff CB, Nieh JC, Thorington RW Jr, Teaford MF (1993) Radiographic estimation of long bone cross-sectional geometric properties. Am J Phys Anthropol 90: 207-213.
68. Schaller GB (1972) The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator Prey Relationships. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
69. Schmidt-Nielsen K (1993) Scaling: Why is Animal Size so Important? Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
70. Scott KM (1990) Postcranial dimensions of ungulates as predictors of body mass. In: Damuth J, MacFadden BJ (eds) Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology: Estimation and Biological Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 301-336.
71. Smith RJ (1981) Interpretation of correlations in intraspecific and interspecific allometry. Growth 45: 291-297.
72. Smith RJ (2009) Use and misuse of the reduced major axis for line-fitting. Am J Phys Anthropol 140: 476-486.
73. Smith FA, Lyons SK, Ernest SKM, Jones KE, Kaufman DM, Dayan T, Marquet PA, Brown JH, Haskell JP (2003) Body mass of late Quaternary mammals. Ecology 84: 3403.
74. Sorkin B (2008) A biomechanical constraint on body mass in terrestrial mammalian predators. Lethaia 41: 333-347.
75. Sunquist M, Sunquist F (2002) Wildcats of the World. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
76. Szivek JA, Johnson EM, Magee FP (1992) In vivo strain analysis of the greyhound femoral diaphysis. J Invest Surg 5: 91-108.
77. Trapp GR, Hallberg DL (1975) Ecology of the gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus): a review. In: Fox MW (ed) The Wild Canids, Their Systematics, Behavioral Ecology and Evolution. van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp 164-178.
78. van Valkenburgh B (1990) Skeletal and dental predictors of body mass in carnivores. In: Damuth J, MacFadden B (eds) Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology: Estimation and Biological Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 181-206.
79. van Valkenburgh B, Koepfli KP (1993) Cranial and dental adaptations to predation in canids. Sym Zool S 65: 15-37.
80. Wang X, Tedford RH (2008) Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. Columbia University Press, New York.
81. Warton DI, Wright IJ, Falster DS, Westoby M (2006) Bivariate line-fitting methods for allometry. Biol Rev 81: 259-291.
82. Young SP, Goldman EA (1946) The Puma: Mysterious American Cat. Dover Publications, Inc, New York.