Sub-femtojoule all-optical switching using a photonic-crystal nanocavity

Nature Photonics

Volumn 4, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 477-483

  Nozaki, Kengo ^a   Tanabe, Takasumi ^a,b   Shinya, Akihiko ^a,b   Matsuo, Shinji ^c   Sato, Tomonari ^c   Taniyama, Hideaki ^a,b   Notomi, Masaya ^a,b  

^a Kashino Diverse Brain Research Laboratory of NTT Communication Science Laboratories   (Japan)

^b JAPAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY   (Japan)

^c NTT CORPORATION   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALL OPTICAL SWITCH; ALL-OPTICAL PROCESSING; ALL-OPTICAL SWITCHING; LINEAR ABSORPTION; ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE; SWITCHING EFFICIENCY; SWITCHING ENERGY; TWO-PHOTON ABSORPTIONS;

DATA PROCESSING; TWO PHOTON PROCESSES;

OPTICAL SWITCHES;

EID: 77954428161     PISSN: 17494885     EISSN: 17494893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2010.89     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Tucker, R. S. A green internet. 21st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 4-5 (2008).
2. Almeida, V. R., Barrios, C. A., Panepucci, R. R. & Lipson, M. All-optical control of light on a silicon chip. Nature 431, 1081-1084 (2004). (Pubitemid 39480684)
3. Gopal, A. V. et al. Intersubband absorption saturation in InGaAs-AlAsSb quantum wells. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 1515-1520 (2002).
4. Cong, G.W., Akimoto, R., Akita, K., Hasama, T. & Ishikawa, H. Low-saturationenergy-driven ultrafast all-optical switching operation in (CdS/ZnSe)/BeTe intersubband transition. Opt. Express 15, 12123-12130 (2007). (Pubitemid 47460076)
5. Nakamura, S., Ueno, Y. & Tajima, K. Femtosecond switching with semiconductor-optical-amplifier-based symmetric Mach-Zehnder-type alloptical switch. Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3929-3931 (2001). (Pubitemid 33599464)
6. Neilsen, M. L., Mørk, J., Suzuki, R., Sakaguchi, J. & Ueno, Y. Experimental and theoretical investigation of the impact of ultra-fast carrier dynamics on high speed SOA-based all-optical switches. Opt. Express 14, 331-347 (2006).
7. Yamamoto, T., Yoshida, E. & Nakazawa, M. Ultrafast nonlinear optical loop mirror for demultiplexing 640 Gbit/s TDM signals. Electron. Lett. 34, 1013-1014 (1998).
8. Lee, J. H., Tanemura, T., Takushima, Y. & Kikuchi, K. All-optical 80-Gb/s add- drop multiplexer using fiber-based nonlinear optical loop mirror. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 840-842 (2005). (Pubitemid 40555845)
9. Andrekson, P. A., Sunnerud, H., Oda, S., Nishitani, T. & Yang, J. Ultrafast, atto-Joule switch using fiber-optic parametric amplifier operated in saturation. Opt. Express 16, 10956-10961 (2008).
10. Miller, D. A. Device requirements for optical interconnects to silicon chips. Proc. IEEE 97, 1166-1185 (2009).
11. Notomi, M., Shinya, A., Mitsugi, S., Kuramochi, E. & Ryu, H. Y. Waveguides, resonators and their coupled elements in photonic crystal slabs. Opt. Express 12, 1551-1561 (2004).
12. Ryu, H. Y., Notomi, M., Kim, G. H. & Lee, Y. H. High quality-factor whisperinggallery mode in the photonic crystal hexagonal disk cavity. Opt. Express 12, 1708-1719 (2004).
13. Kuramochi, E. et al. Ultrahigh-Q photonic crystal nanocavities realized by the local width modulation of a line defect. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 041112 (2006).
14. Tanabe, T., Notomi, M., Kuramochi, E., Shinya, A. & Taniyama, H. Trapping and delaying photons for one nanosecond in an ultrasmall high-Q photoniccrystal nanocavity. Nature Photon. 1, 49-52 (2007).
15. Takahashi, Y. et al. High-Q nanocavity with a 2-ns photon lifetime. Opt. Express 15, 17206-17213 (2007).
16. Soljacic, M. & Joannopoulos, J. D. Enhancement of nonlinear effects using photonic crystals. Nature Mater. 3, 211-219 (2004).
17. Notomi, M. et al. Optical bistable switching action of Si high-Q photonic-crystal nanocavities. Opt. Express 13, 2678-2687 (2005).
18. Tanabe, T., Notomi, M., Shinya, A., Mitsugi, S. & Kuramochi, E. All-optical switches on a silicon chip realized using photonic crystal nanocavities. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 151112 (2005).
19. Tanabe, T. et al. Fast all-optical switching using ion-implanted silicon photonic crystal nanocavities. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 031115 (2007).
20. Husko, C. et al. Ultrafast all-optical modulation in GaAs photonic crystal cavities Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 021111 (2009).
21. Nakamura, H. et al. Ultra-fast photonic crystal/quantum dot all-optical switch for future photonic networks. Opt. Express 12, 6606-6614 (2004).
22. Zhang, Z. & Qiu, M. Small-volume waveguide-section high Q microcavities in 2D photonic crystal slabs. Opt. Express 12, 3988-3995 (2004).
23. Nozaki, K., Kita, S. & Baba, T. Room temperature continuous wave operation and controlled spontaneous emission in ultrasmall photonic crystal nanolaser. Opt. Express 15, 7506-7514 (2007).
24. Lan, S., Gopal, A. V., Kanamoto, K. & Ishikawa H. Ultrafast response of photonic crystal atoms with Kerr nonlinearity to ultrashort optical pulses. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 5124-5126 (2004).
25. Koos, C. et al. All-optical high-speed signal processing with silicon-organic hybrid slot waveguides. Nature Photon. 3, 216-219 (2009).
26. Bennett, B. R., Soref, R. A. & Del Alamo, J. A. Carrier-induced change in refractive GaAs, and InGaAsP index of InP. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26, 113-122 (1990).
27. Mondia, J. P., Tan, H.W., Linden, S., Driel, H. M. & Young, J. F. Ultrafast tuning of two-dimensional planar photonic-crystal waveguides via free-carrier injection and the optical Kerr effect. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22, 2480-2486 (2005).
28. Barclay, P. E., Srinivasan, K. & Painter, O. Nonlinear response of silicon photonic crystal microresonators excited via an integrated waveguide and fiber taper. Opt. Express 13, 801-820 (2005).
29. Dinu, M., Quochi, F. & Garcia, H. Third-order nonlinearities in silicon at telecom wavelengths. Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2954-2956 (2003).
30. Van, V. et al. All-optical nonlinear switching in GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonators. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 74-76 (2002).
31. Tsang, H. K. et al. Two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in InGaAsP/lnP multi-quantum-well waveguides. J. Appl. Phys. 70, 3992-3994 (1991).
32. Mørk, J., Mark, J. & Seltzer, C. P. Carrier heating in InGaAsP laser amplifiers due to two-photon absorption. Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 2206-2208 (1994).
33. Adachi, S. Physical Properties of III-V Semiconductor Compounds, InP, InAs, GaAs, GaP, InGaAs and InGaAsP Ch 8 (Wiley, 1992).
34. Tanabe, T., Taniyama, H. & Notomi, M. Carrier diffusion and recombination in photonic crystal nanocavity optical switches. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 26, 1396-1403 (2008).
35. Szymanski, D. M. et al. Ultrafast all-optical switching in AlGaAs photonic crystal waveguide interferometers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 141108 (2009).
36. Tran, Q. V., Combrie, S., Colman, P. & De Rossi, A. Photonic crystal membrane waveguides with low insertion losses. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 061105 (2009).
37. Fan, S. Sharp asymmetric line shapes in side-coupled waveguide-cavity systems. Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 908-910 (2002).
38. Yang, X., Husco, C., Wong, C. W., Yu, M. & Kwong, D. L. Observation of femtojoule optical bistability involving Fano resonances in high-Q/Vm silicon photonic crystal nanocavities. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 051113 (2007).
39. Manolatou, C. et al. Coupling of modes analysis of resonant channel add-drop filters. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35, 1322-1331 (1999).
40. Kim, G. H., Lee, Y. H., Shinya, A. & Notomi, M. Coupling of small, low-loss hexapole mode with photonic crystal slab waveguide mode. Opt. Express 12, 6624-6631 (2005).
41. Shinya, A. et al. All-optical on-chip bit memory based on ultra high Q InGaAsP photonic crystal. Opt. Express 16, 19382-19387 (2008).
42. Waldow. M. et al. 25 ps all-optical switching in oxygen implanted silicon-oninsulator microring resonator. Opt. Express 16, 7693-7702 (2008).