Beach and dune

Terrestrial Vegetation of California

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 155-179

  Pickart, Andrea J ^a   Barbour, Michael G ^b  

^a U S FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77954377256     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (219)

1. Abdel Wahab, A. M. 1975. Nitrogen fixation by Bacillus strains isolated from the rhizosphere of Ammophila arcnaria. Plant and Soil 42: 703-708.
2. Albert, M. E. 1995. Morphological variation and habitat associations within the Carpobrotlls species complex in coastal California. M. A. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley.
3. Albert, M. 2000. Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N. E. Br. Pp. 90-94 in: Invasive plants of California's wildlands (C. M. Bossard, J. M. Randall, and M. C. Hoshovsky, eds.). University of California Press, Berkeley.
4. Albert, M.E., C.M. D'Antonio, and K.A. Schierenbeck. 1997. Hybridization and introgression in Carpobrotus spp. (Aizoaceae) in California. 1. Morphological evidence. American Journal of Botany 84: 896-904.
5. Alpert, P. 1991. Nitrogen sharing among ralTIets increases clonal growth in Fragaria chiloensis. Ecology 72: 69-80.
6. Alpert, P. 1996. Nutrient sharing in natural clonal fragments of Fragaria chiloensis. Journal of Ecology 84: 395-406.
7. Alpert, P., and H. A. Mooney. 1986. Resource sharing among ramets in the clonal herb, Fragaria chiloensis. Oecologia 70: 227-233.
8. Alpert, P., and H. A. Mooney. 1996. Resource heterogeneity generated by shrubs and topography on coastal sand dunes. Vegetatio 122: 83-93.
9. Amundson, R. G., and B. Tremback. 1989. Soil development on stabilized dunes in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53: 1798-1806.
10. Aria, K. T. 1999. Using aerial photographs rectified with a geographic information system to map coastal dune vegetation and land use in Humboldt County, California. M. S. Thesis, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA.
11. Baker, H. G. 1972. A fen on the northern California coast. Madrono 21: 405-416.
12. Barbour, M. G. 1970a. Is any angiosperm an obligate halophyte? American Midland Naturalist 84: 105-20.
13. Barbour, M.G. 1970b. Germination and early growth of the strand plant Cakile marithna. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 97: 13-22.
14. Barbour, M. G. 1970e. Germination and early growth of the strand plant Cakile maritifna. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 99: 13-22.
15. Barbour, M. G. 1978. Salt spray as a microenvironmental factor in the distribution of beach plants at Point Reyes, California. Oecologia 32: 243-224.
16. Barbour, M. G. 1990. The coastal beach plant syndrome. Pp. 197-224 in: Proceedings of the Canadian Symposium on Coastal Sand Dunes 1990.
17. Barbour, M. G. 1992. Life at the leading edge: the beach plant syndrome. Pp. 291-306 in: Coastal plant communities of Latin America (U. Seeliger, ed.). Academic Press, New York.
18. Barbour, M. G., and J. E. Rodman. 1970. Saga of the West Coast searockets: Cakile edentllla ssp. californica and C. rnaritima. Rhodora 70: 370-386.
19. Barbour, M.G., and TM. De long. 1977. Response of west coast beach taxa to salt spray, seawater inundation, and soil salinity. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 104: 29-34.
20. Barbour, M.G., and A.F. Johnson. 1988. Beach and dune. Pp. 223-261 in: Terrestrial vegetation of California (M. G. Barbour and J. Major, eds.). California Native Plant Society Special Publication No. 9. Sacramento.
21. Barbour, M. G., R. B. Craig, F. R. Drysdale, et al. 1973. Coastal ecology: Bodega head. University of California Press, Berkeley.
22. Barbour, M.G., A.F. Johnson, and B. Holton (1974-1977). Management of beach and dune vegetation, project R/CZ-22. Annual reports. University of California Sea Grant College Program, Publications 47: 41-42; 57: 27-29; 61: 41-43.
23. Barbour, M.G., TM. DeJong, andA.F.Johnson.1976. Synecologyof beach vegetation along the Pacific Coast of the United States of America: A first approximation. Journal of Biogeography 3: 55-69.
24. Barbour, M., A. Shmida, and A. Johnson. 1981. Comparison of coastal dune scrub in Israel and California: physiognomy, association patterns, species richness, phytogeography. Israel Journal of Botany 30: 181-198.
25. Barbour, M.G., TM. De long, and B.M. Pavlik. 1985. Marine beach and dune plant communities. Pp. 296-322 in: Physiological ecology of North American plant communities (B. F. Chabot and H. A. Mooney, eds.). Chapman and Hall, New York.
26. Barker, L. 1976. Avascular plant inventory and vegetation map of the Lanphere-Christensen Dunes. Unpublished report, Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Areata, California.
27. Barlow, B. W. 1994. The origin, diversity and biology of shoot-borne roots. Pp. 1-23 in: Physiological ecology of North American plant communities (T D. Davis and B. E. Haissig, eds.). Biology of adventitious root formation. Plenum, New York.
28. Barry, W.J., M. Fox, and D. Mac Elfresh. 1977. Man's impact on natural ecosystems. Pp. 83-97 in: Inglenook Fen, a study and plan (W.J. Barry and E. I. Schlinger, eds.). California Department of Parks and Recreation, Sacramento.
29. Baye, P. R. 1990. Comparative growth responses and population ecology of European and American beachgrasses (ArnnlOphila spp.) in relation to sand accretion and salinity. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario.
30. Beckstead, J., and I. M. Parker. 2003. Invasiveness of Ammophila arenaria: release from soil-borne pathogens? Ecology 84: 2824-2831.
31. Best, C., J. T Howell, W. Knight, et al. 1996. Aflora of Sonoma County. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento.
32. Bicknell, S. H., and E. M. Mackey. 1988. Evidence for the early occurrence of Carpobrotlls aeqllilaterlls N. E. Br. at Marina Beach. Unpublished report, California Department of Parks and Recreation and Humboldt State University, Areata, California.
33. Bicknell, S. H., and E. M. Mackey. 1998. Mysterious nativity of California's sea fig. Fremontia 26 (1): 3-11.
34. Biosystems Analysis, Ine. 1994. Coastal dunes vegetation study, USMC Camp Pendleton Phase 1 Report. Unpublished report, The Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, California.
35. Bluestone, V. 1970. Distribution of selected coastal beach and dune plants along Monterey Bay, California. M. A. Thesis, Department of Geography, San Francisco State College, San Francisco.
36. Bluestone, V. 1981. Strand and dune vegetation at Salinas River State Beach, California. Madrofio 28: 49-60.
37. Bonello, P., TR. Gordon, andJ. Storer 2001. Systemic induced resistance in Monterey pine. Forest Pathology 31: 99-106.
38. Boyce, S. G. 1951. Salt hypertrophy in succulent dune plants. Science 114: 544-545.
39. Boyce, S. G. 1954. The salt spray community. Ecological Monographs 24: 29-67.
40. Boyd, R. S. 1988. Microdistribution of the beach plant Cakile maritima (Brassicaceae) as influenced by a rodent herbivore. American Journal of Botany 75: 1540-1548.
41. Boyd, R. S. 1992. Influence of Arnmophila arenaria on foredune plant Microdistributions at Point Reyes National Seashore, CA. Madrofio 39: 67-76.
42. Boyd, R. S., and M. G. Barbour 1986. Relative salt tolerance of Cakile edentllla (Brassicaceae) from lacustrine and marine beaches. American Journal of Botany 23: 236-241.
43. Boyd, R. S., and M. G. Barbour. 1993. Replacement of Cakile edentllla by C. maritima in the strand habitat of California. American Midland Naturalist 130: 209-228.
44. Breckon, G.J., and M.G. Barbour. 1974. Review of North American Pacific Coast beach vegetation. Madrofio 22: 333-360.
45. Brown, A. C., and A. McLachlan, 2002. Sandy shore ecosystems and the threats facing them: Some predictions for the year 2025. Environmental Conservation 29: 62-77.
46. Buell, A. C. 1992. A history of the introduction and spread of Amrnophila arenaria on the North Spit of Humboldt Bay, California. M. S. Thesis, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA.
47. Buell, A. C., A.J. Pickart, and J.D. Stuart. 1995. Introduction history and invasion patterns of ArnnlOphila arenaria on the north coast of California. Conservation Biology 9: 1587-1593.
48. Carlson, J., F. Reckendorf, and W. Ternyik. 1991. Stabilizing coastal dune in the Pacific Northwest. U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 687, Washington, DC.
49. Carver, G.A., H.A. Abramson, C.E. Garrison-Laney, and T Leroy. 1998. Investigation of paleotsunami evidence along the North Coast of California. Unpublished document, Humboldt State University, Department of Geology. Areata, CA.
50. Chesnut,J. 1997. The distribution of rare species and the distribution and trend of invasive weeds on the Mobil Coastal Preserve, Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes, California. Unpublished document. The Nature Conservancy, San Francisco.
51. Chesnut, J. 1999. A review of weed threats to the Nipomo Dunes. Unpublished report, The Land Conservancy, San Luis Obispo.
52. Christy, J. A., J. S. Kagan, and A. M. Wiedemann. 1998. Plant Associations of the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area, Siuslaw National Forest, Oregon. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Technical Paper R6-NRECOL-TP-09-98, Washington, DC.
53. Clarke, S. H. Jr., and G.A. Carver. 1992. Late Holocene tectonics and paleoseismicity, Southern Cascadia Subduction Zone. Science 255: 188-192.
54. Clary, R. H. 1980. The lnaking of Golden Gate Park. The early years: 1856-1906. California living books, The Hearst Corp., San Francisco.
55. Clayton, J. L. 1972. Salt spray and mineral cycling in two California ecosystems. Ecology 53: 74-81.
56. Clifford, P. 2003. Restoration, management, and monitoring plan for beach pine/Sitka spruce forest and red alder riparian forest at the Lanphere Dunes Unit, Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Unpublished doculnent, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Areata, CA.
57. Cooper, W. S. 1936. The strand and dune flora of the Pacific coast of North Alnerica: A geographic study. Pp. 141-187 in: Essays in geobotany in honor of William Albert Setchell (T.H. Goodspeed, cd.). University of California Press, Berkeley.
58. Cooper, W. S. 1967. Coastal dunes of California. Geological Society of America Memoir 104, Boulder, CO.
59. Couch, E. B. 1914. Notes on the ecology of sand dune plants. Plant World 17: 204-208.
60. Cowles, H. C. 1898. The ecological relations of the vegetation on the sand dunes of Lake Michigan. Botanical Gazette Vol. 27, Parts 2-5.
61. Craig, M. S. 2000. Aeolian sand transport at the Lanphere Dunes, northern California. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 25: 239-253.
62. Cuniff, S. E. 1984. Vegetation patterning on a southern California barrier beach. M.A. Thesis, University of California, Los Angeles.
63. Crutsinger, G. M., and N.J. Sanders. 2005. Aphid-tending ants affect secondary users in leaf shelters and rates of herbivory on Salix hookeriana in a coastal dune habitat. Alnerican Midland Naturalist 154: 296-304.
64. Danin, A. 1996. Plants of desert dunes. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany.
65. Danin, A., S. Rae, M. Barbour, et al. 1998. Early prinlary succession on dunes at Bodega Head, California. Madroiio 45: 101-109.
66. D'Antonio, C. M. 1990. Seed production and dispersal in the nonnative, invasive succulent Carpobrotlls edlllis (Aizoaceae) in coastal strand communities of central California. Journal of Applied Ecology 1997: 693-702.
67. D'Antonio, C.M., and B.E. Mahall. 1991. Root profiles and competition between the invasive, exotic perennial, Carpobrotlls edlllis, and two native shrub species in California coastal scrub. American Journal of Botany 78: 885-894.
68. DaVidson, E. D. 1975. Demography of Lllpinus arboreus at Bodega Head, California. PhD dissertation, University of California, Davis.
69. Davidson, E.D., and M.G. Barbour. 1977. Germination, establishInent, and delnography of coastal bush lupine (Lupinlls arborells) at Bodega Head, California. Ecology 58: 592-600.
70. De jong, T. M. 1979. Water and salinity relations of Californian beach species. Journal of Ecology 67: 647-663.
71. De jong, T.M., and M.G. Barbour. 1979. Contributions to the biology of Atriplex leucophylla, a C4 Californian beach plant. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical club 106: 9-19.
72. Dick, M. A. 1994. Blight of Lupinlls arboreus in New Zealand. New England Journal of Forestry Science 24: 51-68.
73. Doing, H. 1985. Coastal fore-dune zonation and succession in various parts of the world. Vegetatio 61: 65-75.
74. Duebendorfer, T. 1989. Characterization and classification of vegetation on the North Spit, Humboldt County, California. Unpublished report, Humboldt County Planning Department, Eureka, CA.
75. Duncan, M. C. 2001. The impact of Afnrnophila arenaria on indigenous dune plant communities at Mason Bay, Stewart Island, New Zealand. M. S. Thesis, University of Otago, New Zealand.
76. Dune Stewardship Collaborative. 2003. Annual report for the Guadalupe-Nipomo dunes Stewardship Collaborative. Unpublished document. Guadalupe, CA.
77. Fink, B. 1987. Stress tolerance of three coastal dune perennials. M.S. Thesis, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA.
78. Fink, B. H., and J. B. Zedler. 1990. Maritime stress tolerance studies of California dune perennials. Madroiio 37: 200-213.
79. Gallagher, K. G. 1995. Allozyme evidence for hybridization and introgression between an introduced and a putative native species of Carpobrotlls (Aizoaceae). M.A. Thesis, Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, CA.
80. Gallagher, K. G., K. A. Schierenbeck, and C. M. D'Antonio. 1997. Hybridization and introgression in Carpobrotus spp. (Aizoaceae) in California: 11. Allozyme evidence. American Journal of Botany 84: 905-911.
81. Garcia Novo, F. 1976. Ecophysiological aspects of the distribution of EIYfnlls arenarills and Cakile maritinla on the dunes of tents-Muir point (Scotland). Oecologia Plantarium 11: 13-24.
82. Gemmel, A. R., P. Greig-Smith, and C. H. Gimmingham. 1953. A note on the behavior of Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link in relation to sand dune fonnation. Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 36: 132-36.
83. Glavich, D. 2000a. Cryptogamic crusts in a coastal dune environment: role playing, distribution, and displacement by invasive exotic plants. Unpublished document, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Service, Areata, California.
84. Glavich, D. 2000b. Pollinator frequency and diversity for Solidago spathlllata ssp. spathulata on the Lanphere Dunes unit. Unpublished document. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Areata, CA.
85. Glavich, D. A. 2003. The distribution, ecology, and taxonomy of Bryoria spirali(era and B. pselldocapillaris on the Samoa Peninsula, Humboldt County, coastal northern California. Bryologist 106: 588-595.
86. Gordon, D. M. 1984. Ecology of bees from coastal dunes, Humboldt County, California. M. A. Thesis, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA.
87. Gordon, D.M. 1992. Interactions alnong the bee and plant communities on coastal dunes and the implications for conservation biology. Pp. 112-118 in: Proceedings of the symposium on biodiversity of northwestern California (R. R. Harris, D. C. Erman, and H. M. Kerner, eds.). Oct. 28-30, 1991, Santa Rosa, CA. Wildland Resources Center report 29, University of California, Berkeley.
88. Gordon, D.M. 1992. Interactions alnong the bee and plant communities on coastal dunes and the implications for conservation biology. Pp. 112-118 in: Proceedings of the symposium on biodiversity of northwestern California (R. R. Harris, D. C. Erman, and H. M. Kerner, eds.). Oct. 28-30, 1991, Santa Rosa, CA. Wildland Resources Center report 29, University of California, Berkeley.
89. Gordon, D. M. 2000. Plants as indicators of leafcutter bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) nest habitat in coastal dunes. PanPacific Entomologist 76: 219-233.
90. Green, S. 1999. Structure and dynamics of a coastal dune forest at Humboldt Bay, California. M.A. Thesis, HUlnboldt State University, Areata, CA.
91. Greig-Smith, P. 1961. Data on pattern within plant communities: II. Ammophila arellaria (L.) Link. Journal of Ecology 49: 703-08.
92. Henricy, S. B. 2001. Developnlent of a geographic information system database for the Ten Mile Dunes Preserve at MacKerricher State Park, Mendocino, California. M. S. Thesis, HUlnboldt State University, Areata, CA.
93. Hertling, U. M., and R. A. Lubke. 2000. Assessing the potential for biological invasion-the case of Ammophila arenaria in South Africa. South African Journal of Science 96: 520-527.
94. Hesp, P.A. 1981. The formation of shadow dunes. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 51: 101-112.
95. Hickman, J. C. 1993. ed., The Jepson Manual: Higher plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley.
96. Hillyard, D.S. 1997. Challenges in conserving Monterey pine forest. Fremontia 25 (2): 16-20.
97. Hobbs, R.J., and L. E. Huenneke. 1992. Disturbance, diversity, and invasion: Implications for conservation. Conservation Biology 6: 324-337.
98. Holland, R. E 1986. Preliminary descriptions of the terrestrial natural communities of California. Unpublished document, California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento.
99. Holland, V. L., D. Keil, and L. D. Oyler. 1995. Nipomo Dunes Preserve surveys conducted between March 1990 and December 1992. Unpublished report, The Nature Conservancy, San Luis Obispo, CA.
100. Holloran, P. 1997. Restoring native plant communities in San Francisco's Presidio. Fremontia 25 (4): 10-16.
101. Holton, B. 1980. Some aspects of the nitrogen cycle in a northern California dune-beach ecosystem with emphasis on Cakile maritima. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Davis.
102. Holton, B., and A.F. Johnson. 1979. Dune scrub communities and their correlation with environmental factors at Point Reyes National Seashore, California. Journal of Biogeography 6: 317-328.
103. Holton, B. H., M. G. Barbour, and S. N. Martens. 1991. Some aspects of the nitrogen cycle in a Californian strand ecosystem. Madrono 38: 170-184.
104. Huiskes, A. H. L. 1979. Biological flora of the British Isles: Alnmophila arenaria (L.) Link (Psamma arenaria (L.) Roem. et Schult; Calamagrostis arenaria (L.)Roth). Journal of Ecology 67: 363-382.
105. Johnson, J. W. 1963. An ecological study of the dune flora of the North Spit of Humboldt Bay. M. A. Thesis, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA.
106. Johnson, A. E 1978. Some aspects of the autecology of Abronia maritima Nutt. Ex Wats. PhD dissertation, University of California, Davis.
107. Kearney, T. H. 1904. Are plants of sea beaches and dunes true halophytes? Botanical Gazette 37: 424-436.
108. Kellogg, E. B. 1915. Sand-dune reclamation on the coast of northern California and southern Oregon. Pp. 41-64 in: Proceedings of the Society of American Forestry, Vol. X, No. 1, January 1915.
109. Koske, R. E., and W.L. Halvorson. 1981. Ecological studies of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in a barrier sand dune. Canadian Journal of Botany 59: 1413-1422.
110. Koske, R. E., and W. R. Polson. 1984. Are V. A. mycorrhizae required for sand dune stabilization? Bioscience 34: 420-424.
111. La Banca, T. 1993. Vegetation changes at Clam Beach coastal dunes, Humboldt County, California. M.A. Thesis, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA.
112. Lamb, EH. 1898. Sand dune reclamation on the Pacific coast. The Forester 4: 141-142.
113. Leppig, G. L. 2002. A phytogeogrpahic study of northern California peatlands. M.A. Thesis, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA.
114. Leppig, G. L., and A.J. Pickart. 2004. Vascular plants of Humboldt Bay dunes and wetlands. Unpublished document, Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arcata, CA.
115. Leroy, T. H. 1999. Holocene sand dune stratigraphy and paleoseismicity of the North and South Spits of Humboldt Bay, California. M. S. Thesis, Geology Department, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA.
116. Leroy, T. H. 1999. Holocene sand dune stratigraphy and paleoseismicity of the North and South Spits of Humboldt Bay, California. M. S. Thesis, Geology Department, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA.
117. Lindsay, J. B. 1973. A lichen flora of the Samoa Peninsula, Humboldt Bay, California. M. A. Thesis, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA.
118. Love, R. M. 1948. Eight new forage plants developed for California ranges. California Agriculture 2: 7.
119. Maron, J. L. 1997. Interspecific competition and insect herbivory reduce bush lupine (Lupinus arboreus) seedling survival. Oecologia 110: 284-290.
120. Maron, J. L., and P. G. Connors. 1996. A native nitrogen-fixing shrub facilitates weed invasion. Oecologia 105: 302-312.
121. Maron, J. L., R.L. Jeffries. 1999. Bush lupine mortality, altered resource availability, and alternative vegetation states. Ecology 80: 443-454.
122. Maron,J. L., and E. L. Simms. 2001. Rodent-limited establishment of bush lupine: field experiments on the cumulative effect of granivory. Journal of Ecology 89: 578-588.
123. Marshall, J.K. 1965. Corynephorus canescens (L.) P. Beauv. as a model for the Ammophila problem. Journal of Ecology 53: 447-463.
124. Martin, E. V., and F.E. Clements. 1939. Adaptation and origin in the plant world: 1. Factors and functions in coastal dunes. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.
125. Matthews, M.A. 1997. An illustrated field key to the flowering plants of Monterey County, and ferns, fern allies, and conifers. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento.
126. Mattoni, R. H. T. 1990. The endangered El Segundo blue butterfly. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 29: 277-304.
127. Mattoni. R., T. Longcore, and V. Novotny. 2000. Environmental auditing: arthropod monitoring for fine-scale habitat analysis: A case study of the El Segundo sand dunes. Environmental Management 25: 445-452.
128. Maun, M. A. 1999. Zonation of vegetation on lacustrine coastal dunes: Effects of burial by sand. Ecology Letters 2: 14-18.
129. Maun, M.A. 1997. Adaptations of plants to burial in coastal sand dunes. Canadian Journal of Botany 76: 713-738.
130. Maun, M. A., andJ. Lapierre. 1986. Effects of burial by sand on seed germination and seedling emergence of four dune species. American Journal of Botany 73: 450-455.
131. Maun, M. A., R. S. Boyd, and L. Olson. 1990. The biological flora of coastal dunes and wetlands 1. Cakile edentula (Bigel.) Hook. Journal of Coastal Research 6: 137-156.
132. McBride, J. R., and E. C,. Stone. 1976. Plant succession on the sand dunes of the Monterey peninsula, California. The American Midland Naturalist 96: 118-132.
133. McLaughlin, W. T., and R. L. Brown. 1942. Controlling sand dunes in the Pacific Northwest. Circular No. 660, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
134. McNeil, S. G., andJ. H. Cushman. 2005. Indirect effects of deer herbivory on local nitrogen availability in a coastal dune ecosystem. Oikos 110: 124-132.
135. Miller, L.M. 1987. The introduction history of yellow bush lupine (Lupinus arboreus Sims.) on the North Spit of Humboldt Bay, California. Unpublished document, The Nature Conservancy, Areata, CA.
136. Miller, L.M. 1988. How yellow bush lupine came to Humboldt Bay. Fremontia 16 (3): 6-7.
137. Mulligan, K.R. 1985. The movement of transverse coastal dunes, Pismo Beach, California, 1982-1983. M.A. Thesis, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles.
138. Mulroy, T. W., M. L. Dungan, R. E. Rich, et al. 1992. Wildland weed control in sensitive natural communities: Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. Pp. 166-180 in: Proceedings of the 44th California Weed conference, January 22, 1992, Fremont, CA.
139. National Park Service. 2004. Redwood National Park GIS Map 174, Theme v62. Orick, CA.
140. National Park Service. 2005. Choosing By Advantages-Value Analysis Draft Report, Point Reyes National Seashore, PMIS 715 I, VA 200439. Unpublished Report. National Park Service. Point Reyes, CA.
141. National Park Service. ND. Vegetation Map-Point Reyes National Seashore and Golden Gate National Recreation Area-1994 Aerial Photos. Accessed at www.nps.gov/gis/park_gisdata/california/pore.htm.
142. NatureServe. 2003. Classification of the vegetation of Point Reyes National Seashore, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Samuel P. Taylor, Mount Tamalpais, and Tomales State Parks, Marin, San Francisco, and San l'v1ateo Counties, California. Unpublished document, California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento.
143. NatureServe. 2005. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web applicationJ. Version 4.5. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://www.natureserve.org/explorer.
144. Nyoka, S. E. 2003. Annual report, 2003. Unpublished report available from Redwood National and State Parks, Orick, CA.
145. Nyoka, S. E. 2004. The effects of exotic plants on the diversity and abundance of bees in the Humboldt Bay dune system. M. A. Thesis, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA.
146. Olsen-Seffer, P. 1909. relation of soil and vegetation on sandy sea shores. Botanical Gazette 47: 85-126.
147. Orme, A. R. 1990. The instability of Holocene coastal dunes: the case of the Morro dunes, California. Pp. 317-338 in: Coastal dunes: Form and process (K. F. Nordstrom, N. P. Psuty, and R. W. G. Carter, eds.). Wiley, New York.
148. Orme, A. R. 1992. Late Quaternary deposits near Point Sal, southcentral California: A time frame for coastal-dune emplacement. Pp. 309-315 in: Quaternary coasts of the United States: Marine and lacustrine systems (C. H. Fletcher, III andJ. F. Wehmiller eds.). Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication No. 48. Tulsa, OK.
149. orme, A. R., and V. P. Tchakerian. 1986. Quaternary dunes of the Pacific Coast of the Californias. Pp. 150-175 in: Aeolian geomorphology. Proceedings of the 17th Annual Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium, September 1986 (W.G. Nickling, ed.). Allen & Unwin, London.
150. Pacific Watershed Associates. 1991. Physical processes, geomorphology and management options for the coastal sand dunes of Humboldt Bay, Humboldt County, Unpublished document. California. Humboldt County Planning Department, Eureka, CA.
151. Parikh, A., and N. Gale. 1998. Vegetation monitoring of created dune swale wetlands, Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA.
152. Parish, S. B. 1890. The California Mesembryanthemums. Zoe 1: 261-265.
153. Parker,J. 1974. Coastal dune systems between Mad River and Little River, Humboldt County, California. M. A. Thesis, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA.
154. Pasquinelli, R. 1997. Coastal dune habitat restoration for sensitive species recovery, MacKerricher State Park and Inglenook Fen-Ten Mile Dunes Preserve, Mendocino County, California. Unpublished document. California Department of Parks and Recreation, Mendocino, CA.
155. Patton, J. R. 2004. Late Holocene coseismic subsidence and coincident tsunamis, southern Cascadia subduction zone, Hookton Slough, Wigi (Humboldt Bay), California. M. S. Thesis, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA.
156. Pavlik, B. M. 1983a. Nutrient and productivity relations of the dune grasses Ammophila arenaria and Elymus mollis: (III) Spatial aspects of clonal expansion with reference to rhizome growth and the dispersal of buds. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 110: 271-79.
157. Pavlik, B. M. 1983b. Nutrient and productivity relations of the dune grasses Alnmophila arenaria and Elymus mollis: (I) Blade photosynthesis and nitrogen use efficiency in the laboratory and field. Oecologia 57: 227-232.
158. Pavlik, B. M. 1983c. Nutrient and productivity relations of the dune grasses Ammophila arenaria and Elymus mollis: (Il) Growth and patterns of dry matter and nitrogen allocation as influenced by nitrogen supply. Oecologia 57: 233-238.
159. Payne, A. M., and M. A. Maun. 1984. Reproduction and survivorship of Cakile edentula var. lacustris along the Lake Huron shoreline. American Midland Naturalist 111: 86-95.
160. Peterson, C. D., E. Stock, C. Cloyd, et al. 2004. Morphostratigraphy and dating of coastal dune sheets in Washington, Oregon, northern California, and San Miguel Island, United States, and Baja California Sur, Mexico: West Coast Database. USGS Open-File Report.
161. Pickart, A.J. 1987. A classification of northern foredune and its relationship to Menzies' wallflower on the North Spit of Humboldt Bay. Unpublished document, The Nature Conservancy, Arcata, CA.
162. Pickart, A.J. 1988. The biology of selected coastal dune species at Humboldt Bay, California. MA. Thesis, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA.
163. Pickart, A.J. 1997. Control of European beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria) on the West Coast of North America. Pp. 82-90 in: Proceedings of the Exotic Pest Plant Council Symposium (M. Kelly, E. Wagner, and P. Warner eds.). Vol. 3: 1997.
164. Pickart, A.J. 1999. Progress report, Humboldt County Dunes weed management and regional restoration plan. Unpublished Document. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Areata, CA.
165. Pickart, A.J. 2000a. Lupinus arboreus. Pp. 231-235 in: Invasive plants of California's wildlands (C. C. Bossard, J. M. Randall, and M. C. Hoshovsky, eds.). University of California Press, Berkeley.
166. Pickart, A.J. 2000b. Ehrharta calycinal Ehrharta erecta, and Ehrharta longiflora. Pp. 164-170 in: Invasive plants of California's wildlands (C. C. Bossard, J. M. Randall, and M. C. Hoshovsky, eds.). University of California Press, Berkeley.
167. Pickart, A.J., and J. O. Sawyer. 1998. Ecology and restoration of northern California coastal dunes. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento.
168. Pickart, A.J., and K. W. Wear. 1999. Parentucellia invasion in dune wetlands of northern California. Unpublished document. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Areata, CA.
169. Pickart, A.J., L. M. Miller, and T. E. Duebendorfer. 1998. Yellow bush lupine invasion in northern California coastal dunes: 1. Ecological impacts and manual restoration techniques. Restoration Ecology 6: 59-68.
170. Pickart, A., S. C. McCleneghan, and B.T. Little. 1990. Vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizae in the dune mat community, Humboldt Bay, California. Unpublished document, Humboldt State University Department of Biological Sciences, Areata, CA.
171. Pierce, W. D. 1939. The fauna and flora of the El Segundo sand dunes: 5. Biotic factors affecting plant growth, reproduction and succession on the sand dunes. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 38: 39-42.
172. Pierce, W. D., and D. Pool. 1938. The fauna and flora of the El Segundo sand dunes: I. General ecology of the dunes. Southern California Academy of Sciences Bulletin 37: 93-97.
173. Pitts, W. D. 1976. Plant/animal interactions in the beach and dunes of Point Reyes. PhD Thesis, University of California, Davis.
174. Pitts, W.D., and M.G. Barbour. 1979. The microdistribution and feeding preferences of Peromyscus maniculatus in the strand at Point Reyes National Seashore, California. American Midland Naturalist 101: 38-47.
175. Powell, J. A. 1978. Endangered habitats for insects: California's coastal sand dunes. Atala 6: 41-55.
176. Powell, J.A. 1991. A review of Lithariapteryx (Heliodinidae) with description of an elegant new species from coastal sand dunes in California. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 45: 89-104.
177. Powell, J.A., and D. Povoln. 2001. Gnorimoschemine moths of coastal dune and scrub habitats in California (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Holarctic Lepidoptera 8 (1): 1-51.
178. Pratt, G. E 1987. Competition as a controlling factor of Euphilotes battoides allyni larval abundance (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Atala 15: 1-9.
179. Purer, E. A. 1936a. Studies of certain coastal sand dune plants of southern California. Ecological Monographs 6: 4-85.
180. Purer, E.A. 1936b. Growth behavior in Convolvulus soldanella L. Ecology 17: 541-50.
181. Ramaley, E 1918. Notes on dune vegetation at San Francisco, California. The Plant World 21: 191-201.
182. Ranwell, D. S. 1972. Ecology of salt marshes and sand dunes. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London, UK.
183. Reckendorf, E, D. Leach, R. Baum, et al. 1987. Stabilization of West Coast sand dunes. Pp. 1328-1342 in: Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, Seattle, WA.
184. Reichard, S. 2000. Hedera helix. Pp. 212-216 in: Invasive plants of California's wildlands (C. C. Bossard, M.M Randall, and M. C. Hoshovsky eds.). University of California Press, Berkeley.
185. Reynoldson, E 1938. The flora of the San Francisco sand-dunes, its composition and adaptations. M. S. Thesis, San Francisco State College, CA.
186. Rose, S. L. 1988. Above and belowground community development in a marine sand dune ecosystem. Plant and Soil 109: 215-226.
187. Sawyer, J.O., and T. Keeler-Wolf. 1995. A manual of California vegetation. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento.
188. Schlinger, E., W.J. Barry, D. Erman, et al. 1977. Biotic communities. Pp. 53-81 in: Inglenook Fen, a study and plan (W.J. Barry and E. I. Schlinger, eds.). California Department of Parks and Recreation, Sacramento.
189. Schut, S. 2002. Predator composition of coastal dune habitat with and without Ammophila arenaria. Unpublished document, Department of Wildlife Management, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA.
190. Shields, P. W. 1958. Ecology and population dynamics of the brush rabbit on the North Spit of Humboldt County, California. M. S. Thesis, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA.
191. Sholars, T., and R. Riggins. 1993. Pp. 622-636 in: The Jepson Manual: Higher plants of California O.C. Hickman, ed.). University of California Press, Berkeley.
192. Slobodchikoff, C. N., andJ. T. Doyen. 1977. Effects of Ammophila arenaria on sand dune arthropod communities. Ecology 48: 113-128.
193. Smith, L. L., and K. Ferlita. 1997. Monterey pine forest: a forest at risk. Fremontia 25 (2): 3-4.
194. Strong, D.R., J.L. Maron, P.G. Connors, et al. 1995. High mortality, fluctuation in numbers, and heavy subterranean insect herbivory in bush lupine, Lupinus arboreus. Oecologia 104: 85-92.
195. Strong, D. R., H. K. Kaya, A. V. Whipple, et al. 1996. Entomopathogenic nematodes: natural enemies of root-feeding caterpillars on bush lupine. Oecologia 108: 167-173.
196. Tavares Correa, C. 2002. Eficiencia de la Ammophila arenaria en atrapar sedimentos transport ados por el viento. Ecologia Aplicado 1: 13-17.
197. Thompson, J., K. L. Bruce, C. Miles, et al. 2000. Small mammal diversity and abundance in non-native and restored coastal dune habitat. Unpublished report. Humboldt State University Department of Wildlife Management, Areata, CA.
198. Tothill, J. C. 1962. Autecological studies on Ehrharta calycina. Ph. D. dissertation, University of California, Davis.
199. Unocal. 2001. Habitat Restoration and Revegetation Research Program. Unpublished document, Unocal Central Coast Group, Guadalupe, CA.
200. U.S. Air Force. 1996. Peacekeeper Rail Garrison and small ICBM mitigation program, San Antonio Terrace, Vandenberg AFB, California: Final report on the successful creation of wetlands and restoration of uplands. Unpublished report by the Earth Technology Corporation, SAIC, and FLx for Department of the Air Force, Detachment 10, Space and Missile Systems Center (AFMC), San Bernardino, CA.
201. Van der Putten, W.H., and B.A.M. Peters. 1997. How soil-borne pathogens may affect plant competition. Ecology 78: 1785-1795.
202. Van der Putten, W. H., C. Van Dijk, and S. R. Troelstra. 1988. Biotic soil factors affecting the growth and development of Ammophila arenaria. Oecologia 76: 313-320.
203. Van Hook. S.S. 1985. The ecology of macrofungi at the LanphereChristensen Dunes Preserve, Areata California. M. A. Thesis, Humboldt State University, Areata, CA.
204. Vivrette, N.J. 1993. Carpobrotus. P. 128 in: The Jepson Manual (J.C. Hickman, ed). University of California Press, Berkeley.
205. Vivrette, N.J. 2004. Carpobrotus N.E. Brown. Pp. 76-77 in: Flora of North America (Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1994). Flora of North America north of Mexico, Volume 4. Oxford University Press, New York.
206. Warner, P.J., and J. H. Cushman. 2002. Influence of herbivores on a perennial plant: Variation with life history stage and herbivore species. Oecologia 132: 77-85.
207. Webb, C. E., I. Oliver, and A.J. Pik. 2000. Does coastal foredune stabilization with Ammophila arenaria restore plant and arthropod communities in southeastern Australia? Restoration Ecology 8: 283-288.
208. Wiedemann, A. M. 1984. The ecology of Pacific Northwest coastal sand dunes: a community profile. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-84/04. Washington, DC.
209. Wiedemann, A. 1998. Coastal foredune development, Oregon, USA. Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue No. 26: 45-51.
210. Wiedemann, A. M., and A. Pickart. 1996. The Ammophila problem on the northwest coast of North America. Landscape and Urban Planning 34: 287-299.
211. Wiedemann, A. M., and A.J Pickart. 2004. Temperate zone coastal dunes. Pp. 53-65 in: Coastal dune ecology and restoration (M. I. Martinez and N. P. Psuty, eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
212. Williams, W.T., andJ.R. Potter. 1972. The coastal strand community at Morro Bay State Park, California. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 99: 163-171.
213. Williams, W.T., and J. A. Williams. 1984. Ten years of vegetation change on the coastal strand at Morro Bay, California. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 111: 145-152.
214. Wilson, R. C. 1976. Abronia: IV. Anthocarp dispersability and its ecological implications for nine species of Abronia. Aliso 8: 493-506.
215. Win, U. 2004. Pitch canker infestation: a case study of Asilomar forest. Unpublished report, California State University Morro Bay. Accessed at www.montereypitchcanker.com.
216. Wood, L. F. 1987. Interactions between the exotic annual, Cakile nlaritirna, and the native perennial, Abronia maritima, on the strand at Tijuana Estuary. M.S. Thesis, San Diego State University, CA.
217. Woodhouse, W. W. Jr. 1978. Dune building and stabilization with vegetation. U. S. Army Coastal Engineering Research Center Special report, Fort Belvoir, VA.
218. Zedler, J. B., C. S. Nordby, and B. E. Kus. 1992. The ecology of the Tijuana estuary, California: A National Estuarine Research Reserve. NOAA Office of Coastal Resource Management, Sanctuaries and Reserves Division, Washington, DC.
219. Zhang, J., and M. A. Maun. 1992. Effects of burial in sand on the growth and reproduction of Cakile edentula. Ecography 15: 296-302.