Visualizing meltwater flow through snow at the centimetre-to-metre scale using a snow guillotine

Hydrological Processes

Volumn 24, Issue 15, 2010, Pages 2098-2110

  Williams, Mark W ^a   Erickson, Tyler A ^b   Petrzelka, Jennifer L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Dye tracer; Flowpaths; Geostatistics; Image processing; Meltwater; Snow

Indexed keywords

CONNECTIVITY FUNCTION; CORRELATION LENGTHS; DYE TRACER; FIELD MEASUREMENT; FLOW PATH; FLOWTHROUGH; GEO-STATISTICS; GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS; HIGH RESOLUTION; ICE LAYERS; LARGE CLUSTERS; LATERAL FLOW; LAYER INTERFACES; LIQUID WATER; POROUS MEDIUM; PROOF OF CONCEPT; QUALITATIVE INFORMATION; QUANTITATIVE DATA; QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION; QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION; SEPARATION DISTANCES; SNOW HYDROLOGY; SPATIAL RESOLUTION; STRATIGRAPHIC INTERFACES; THREE-DIMENSIONAL DATA; UNIFORM FLOW; VERTICAL FLOWS;

IMAGE PROCESSING; IMAGING SYSTEMS; LIQUIDS; PHOTOGRAPHY; POROUS MATERIALS; SNOW; STRATIGRAPHY; THREE DIMENSIONAL; WATER;

EXPERIMENTS;

CORRELATION; DYE TRACER; FLOW PATTERN; GEOSTATISTICS; GLACIAL HYDROLOGY; IMAGE PROCESSING; MELTWATER; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SNOWMELT; SNOWPACK; VISUALIZATION;

EID: 77954372589     PISSN: 08856087     EISSN: 10991085     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hyp.7630     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Arnold N, Richards K, Willis I, Sharp M. 1998. Initial results from a distributed, physically based model of glacier hydrology. Hydrological Processes 12(2).
2. Blöschl G, Kirnbauer R. 1991. Point snowmelt models with different degrees of complexity-Internal processes. Journal of Hydrology 129(1-4): 127-147.
3. Caine N. 1992. Modulation of the diurnal streamflow response by the seasonal snowcover of an alpine basin. Journal of Hydrology 137: 245-260.
4. Caine N. 1995. Snowpack influences on geomorphic processes in Green Lakes Valley, Colorado Front Range. Geographical Journal 161: 55-68.
5. Caine N. 1996. Streamflow patterns in the alpine environment of North Boulder Creek, Colorado Front Range. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 104: 27-42.
6. Campbell F, Niewnow P, Purves R. 2006. Role of the supraglacial snowpack in mediating meltwater delivery to the glacier system as inferred from dye tracer experiments. Hydrological Processes 20: 969-985. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.6115.
7. Colbeck SC. 1975. Theory for water-flow through a layered snowpack. Water Resources Research 11(2): 261-266.
8. Colbeck SC. 1979. Water-flow through heterogeneous snow. Cold Regions Science and Technology 1(1): 37-45.
9. Colbeck SC. 1987. History of snowcover research. Journal of Glaciology (Special Issue): 60-65.
10. Colbeck SC. 1991. The layered character of snow covers. Reviews of Geophysics 29(1): 81-96.
11. Colbeck SC, Akitaya E, Armstrong R, Gubler H, Lafeuille J, Lied K, McClung D, Morris E. 1990. The International Classification for Seasonal Snow on the Ground. The International Commission on Snow and Ice of the International Association of Scientific Hydrology and International Glaciological Society, 22pp.
12. Erickson TA. 2004. Development and application of geostatistical methods to modeling spatial variation in snowpack properties, Front Range, Colorado. PhD dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO.
13. Erickson TA, Williams MW, Winstral A. 2005. Persistence of topographic controls on the spatial distribution of snow in rugged mountain terrain, Colorado, United States. Water Resources Research 41(4): DOI:10.1029/2003WR002973.
14. Flury M, Fl̈uhler H. 1995. Tracer characteristics of Brilliant Blue FCF. Soil Science Society of America Journal 59: 22-27.
15. Flury M, Wai NN. 2003. Dyes as tracers for vadose zone hydrology. Reviews of Geophysics 41: 1-24. DOI: 10.1029/2001RG000109.
16. Fountain AG, Walder JS. 1998. Water flow through temperate glaciers. Reviews of Geophysics 36(3): 299-328.
17. Gerdel RW. 1948. Physical changes in snow-cover leading to runoff, especially to floods. IAHS-AIHS Publication No. 31: Wallingford, UK; 42-53.
18. Gerdel RW. 1954. The transmission of water through snow. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 35(3): 475-485.
19. Gustafsson D, Waldner PA, Stähli M. 2004. Factors governing the formation and persistence of layers in a subalpine snowpack. Hydrological Processes 18: 1165-1183. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.1398.
20. Hall DK, Riggs GA, Salomonson VV. 1995. Development of methods for mapping global snow cover using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer data. Remote Sensing of Environment 54: 127-140.
21. Higuchi K, Tanaka Y. 1982. Flow pattern of meltwater in mountain snow cover. In Hydrological Aspects of Alpine and High-Mountain Areas. IAHS Publication No. 138. 63-69.
22. Kattelmann RC. 1985. Macropores in snowpacks of Sierra Nevada. Annals of Glaciology 6: 272-273.
23. Kattelmann RC. 1989. Spatial variability of snow-pack outflow at a site in Sierra Nevada, U.S.A. Annals of Glaciology 13: 124-128.
24. Kattelmann RC, Dozier J. 1999. Observations of snowpack ripening in the Sierra Nevada, California, U. S. A. Journal of Glaciology 45(151): 409-416.
25. Marsh P, Woo MK. 1984a. Wetting front advance and freezing of meltwater within a snow cover, 1. Observations in the Canadian Arctic. Water Resources Research 20(12): 1853-1864.
26. Marsh P, Woo MK. 1984b. Wetting front advance and freezing of meltwater within a snow cover, 2. a Simulation-Model. Water Resources Research 20(12): 1865-1874.
27. Marsh P, Woo MK. 1985. Meltwater movement in natural heterogeneous snow covers. Water Resources Research 21: 1710-1716.
28. McGurk BJ, Kattelmann RC. 1988. Transport of liquid water: flow finger evidence from thick-section photography. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 69(44): 1204.
29. McGurk BJ, Marsh P. 1995. Flow-finger continuity in serial thicksections in a melting Sierran snowpack. In Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, Tonnessen KA, Williams MW, Tranter M (eds.) IAHS Publication No. 228. IAHS Press: Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK; 81-88.
30. Melloh RA. 1999. A Synopsis and Comparison of Selected Snowmelt Algorithms. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research Engineering Laboratory: Hanover, NH; 1-17.
31. Oda T, Kudo K. 1941. Properties of snow and its density. Seppyo 3: 109-121.
32. Peitzsch E, Birkeland KW, Hansen KJ. 2008. Water movement and capillary barriers in a stratified and inclined snowpack. In Proceedings of the 2008 International Snow Science Workshop, Whistler, British Columbia. 179-187.
33. Racoviteanu A, Williams MW, Barry RG. 2008. Optical remote sensing of glacier characteristics: a review with focus on the Himalaya. Sensors 8(5): 3355-3383. DOI: 10.3390/s8053355.
34. Richter-Menge JA, Colbeck SC, Jezek KC. 1991. Recent progress in snow and ice research. Reviews of Geophysics Supplement 29: 218-226.
35. Schneebeli M. 1995. Development and stability of preferential flow paths in a layered snowpack. In Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, Tonnessen KA, Williams MW, Tranter M (eds). IAHS Publication No. 228. IAHS: Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK; 89-96.
36. Seligman G. 1936. Snow Structure and Ski Fields. J. Adams: Brussels; 555.
37. Sẗahli M, Bayard D, Wydler H, Fl̈uhler H. 2004. Snowmelt infiltration into alpine soils visualized by dye tracer technique. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research 36(1): 128-135.
38. US Army. 1956. Snow hydrology. Summary of Report of Snow Investigations, Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division, PB-151660, Portland, OR, 437.
39. Waldner PA, Schneebeli M, Schultz-Zimmermann U, Fl̈uhler H. 2004. Effect of snow structure on water flow and solute transport. Hydrological Processes 18: 1271-1290. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.1401.
40. Wankiewicz A. 1978. Hydraulic characteristics of snow lysimeters. In Proceedings of the Eastern Snow Conference, 105-115.
41. Western AW, Bl̈oschl G, Grayson R. 2001. Toward capturing hydrologically significant connectivity in spatial patterns. Water Resources Research 37(1): 83-97.
42. Williams MW, Losleben M, Caine N. 1996. Changes in climate and hydrochemical responses in a high-elevation catchment in the Rocky Mountains, USA. Limnology and Oceanography 41(5): 939-946.
43. Williams MW, Cline D, Hartmann M, Bardsley T. 1999a. Data for snowmelt model development, calibration, and verification at an alpine site, Colorado Front Range. Water Resources Research 35(10): 3205-3209.
44. Williams MW, Sommerfield RA, Massman S, Rikkers M. 1999b. Correlation lengths of meltwater flow through ripe snowpacks, Colorado Front Range, USA. Hydrological Processes 13: 1807-1826.
45. Williams MW, Rikkers M, Pfeffer WT. 2000. Ice columns and frozen rills in a warm snowpack, Green Lakes Valley, Colorado, U.S.A. Nordic Hydrology 31(3): 169-186.
46. Williams MW, Seibold C, Chowanski K. 2009. Storage and release of solutes from a subalpine seasonal snowpack: Soil and stream water response, Niwot Ridge, Colorado. Biogeochemistry 95(1): 77-94. DOI: 10.1007/s10533-009-9288-x.