Role of the supraglacial snowpack in mediating meltwater delivery to the glacier system as inferred from dye tracer investigations

Hydrological Processes

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 969-985

  Campbell, Fay M A ^a   Nienow, Peter W ^b   Purves, Ross S ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Haut Glacier d'Arolla; Ice layers; Meltwater runoff; Percolation; Preferential flow paths; Snow hydrology

Indexed keywords

FLOW CONTROL; FLOW PATTERNS; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; GLACIERS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PRESSURE EFFECTS; RUNOFF;

GLACIAL HYDROLOGY; ICE LAYERS; MELTWATER DELIVERY; PREFERENTIAL FLOW PATHS; SNOW HYDROLOGY; SUPERGLACIAL SNOWPACK;

HYDROLOGY;

FLOW CONTROL; FLOW PATTERNS; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; GLACIERS; HYDROLOGY; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PRESSURE EFFECTS; RUNOFF;

DYE TRACER; MELTWATER; PERCOLATION; RUNOFF; SNOW;

EID: 33644890468     PISSN: 08856087     EISSN: 10991085     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hyp.6115     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (50)

1. Albert M, Koh G, Perron F. 1999. Radar investigations of melt pathways in a natural snowpack. Hydrological Processes 13: 2991-3000.
2. Arnold N, Richards K, Willis I, Sharp M. 1998. Initial results from a distributed, physically based model of glacier hydrology. In Glacier Hydrology and Hydrochemistry, Sharp M, Richards KS, Tranter M (eds). Wiley: Chichester; 299-327.
3. Brock BW, Arnold NS. 2000. A spreadsheet-based (Microsoft Excel) point surface energy balance model for glacier and snow melt studies. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 25: 649-658.
4. Brugman MM. 1986. Water flow at the base of a surging glacier. PhD thesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.
5. Colbeck SC. 1972. A theory of water percolation in snow. Journal of Glaciology 11(63): 369-385.
6. Colbeck SC. 1978. The physical aspects of water flow through snow. Advances in Hydroscience 11: 165-206.
7. Colbeck SC, Anderson EA. 1982. The permeability of a melting snow cover. Water Resources Research 18(4): 904-908.
8. Colbeck SC, Davidson G. 1973. Water percolation through homogeneous snow. In Role of Snow and Ice in Hydrology. IAHS Publication No. 107. IAHS Press: Wallingford; 242-256.
9. Conway H, Benedict R. 1994. Infiltration of water into snow. Water Resources Research 30(3): 641-649.
10. Conway H, Raymond CF. 1993. Snow stability during rain. Journal of Glaciology 39(133): 635-642.
11. Elliston GR. 1973. Water movement through the Gornergletscher. In Symposium on the Hydrology of Glaciers. IAHS Publication No. 95. IAHS Press: Wallingford; 79-84.
12. Fountain AG. 1989. The storage of water in, and hydraulic characteristics of, the firn of South Cascade Glacier, Washington, U.S.A. Annals of Glaciology 13: 69-75.
13. Fountain AG. 1992. Subglacial water flow inferred from stream measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, U.S.A. Journal of Glaciology 38(128): 51-64.
14. Fountain AG. 1996. Effect of snow and firn hydrology on the physical and chemical characteristics of glacial runoff. Hydrological Processes 10: 509-521.
15. Fountain A, Walder JS. 1998. Water flow through temperate glaciers. Reviews of Geophysics 36(3): 299-328.
16. Fox AM. 2003. A distributed, physically based snow melt and runoff model for alpine glaciers. PhD thesis, St Catherine's College, Cambridge University.
17. Fox AM, Williams MW, Caine N. 1999. Equivalent permeability of a continental, alpine snowpack in the Colorado Front Range, USA. http:// snobear.colorado.edu//Research/_paper.html [15 July 2005].
18. Gerdel RW. 1954. The transmission of water through snow. Transactions, American Geophysical Union 35(3): 475-485.
19. Hannah DM, Gurrnell AM, McGregor GR. 1999. A methodology for investigation of the seasonal evolution in proglacial hydrograph form. Hydrological Processes 13: 2603-2621.
20. Harbor J, Sharp M, Copland L, Hubbard B, Nienow P, Mair D. 1997. Influence of subglacial drainage conditions on the velocity distribution within a glacier cross-section. Glaciology 25(8): 739-742.
21. Harper JT, Bradford JH. 2003. Snow stratigraphy over a uniform depositional surface: spatial variability and measurement tools. Cold Regions Science and Technology 37: 289-298.
22. Harrington R, Bales RC. 1998. Interannual, seasonal, and spatial patterns of meltwater and solute fluxes in a seasonal snowpack. Water Resources Research 34(4): 823-831.
23. Haupt HF. 1969. A simple snowmelt lysimeter. Water Resources Research 5(3): 714-718.
24. Hubbard BP, Sharp MJ, Willis IC, Nielsen MK, Smart CC. 1995. Borehole water level variations and the structure of the subglacial hydrological system of Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Valais, Switzerland. Journal of Glaciology 41(139): 572-583.
25. Iken A, Bindschadler RA. 1986. Combined measurements of subglacial water pressure and surface velocity of Findelengletscher, Switzerland: conclusions about drainage system and sliding mechanism. Journal of Glaciology 32(110): 101-118.
26. Jordan P. 1983. Meltwater movement in a deep snowpack 1. Field observations. Water Resources Research 19(4): 971-978.
27. Käss W. 1998. Tracer Technique in Geohydrology. Balkema: Rotterdam.
28. Kattelmann R. Dozier J. 1999. Observations of snowpack ripening in the Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A. Journal of Glaciology 45(151): 409-416.
29. Kronholm K. Schneebeli M. Schweizer J. 2004. Spatial variability of micropenetration resistance in snow layers on a small slope. Annals of Glaciology 38: 202-208.
30. Langham EJ. 1974a. Phase equilibria of veins in polycrystalline ice. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 11: 1280-1287.
31. Langham EJ. 1974b. The occurrence and movement of liquid water in the snowpack. In Advanced Concepts and Techniques in the Study of Snow and Ice Resources, Santeford HS, Smith JL (eds). National Academy of Sciences: Washington, DC; 67-75.
32. Mair D, Nienow P, Willis I, Sharp M. 2001. Spatial patterns of glacier motion during a high-velocity event: Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland. Journal of Glaciology 47(156): 9-20.
33. Marsh P, Woo M-K. 1985. Meltwater movement in natural heterogeneous snow covers. Water Resources Research 21(11): 1710-1716.
34. McGurk BJ, Kattelman RC. 1986. Water flow rates, porosity and permeability in snowpacks in the central Sierra Nevada. In Cold Regions Hydrology Symposium, Kane DL (ed.). American Water Resources Association Technical Publication Series TPS-86-1. American Water Resources Association: Bethesda, MD; 359-366.
35. McGurk BJ, Marsh P. 1995. Flow-finger continuity in serial thick-sections in a melting Sierran snowpack. In Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, Tonnessen KA, William MW, Tranter M (eds). IAHS Publication No. 228. IAHS Press: Wallingford; 81-88.
36. Nienow P. 1997. Hydrological influences on basal flow dynamics in valley glaciers. Final report, NERC Research Fellowship GT5/93/AAPS/1.
37. Nienow P, Sharp M, Willis I. 1998. Seasonal changes in the morphology of the subglacial drainage system, Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 23: 825-843.
38. Röthlisberger H, Lang H. 1987. Glacial Hydrology. In Glacio-fluvial Sediment Transfer, Gurnell AM, Clark MJ (eds). Wiley: Chichester; 207-284.
39. Schneebeli M. 1995. Development and stability of preferential flow paths in a layered snowpack. In Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, Tonnessen KA, Williams MW, Tranter M (eds). IAHS Publication No. 228. IAHS Press: Wallingford; 89-95.
40. Schneider T. 1999. Water movement in the firn of Storglaciaren, Sweden. Journal of Glaciology 45: 286-294.
41. Schneider T. 2001. Hydrological processes in firn on Storglaciaren, Sweden. PhD thesis, Stockholm University.
42. Seaberg SZ, Seaberg JZ, Hooke RLeB, Wiberg D. 1988. Character of the englacial and subglacial drainage system in the lower part of the ablation area of Storglaciaren, Sweden, as revealed by dye-trace studies. Journal of Hydrology 34(117): 217-231.
43. Sharp M, Richards KS, Tranter M. 1998. Introduction. In Glacier Hydrology and Hydrochemistry - Advances in Hydrological Processes, Sharp M, Richards KS, Tranter M (eds). Wiley: Chichester: 1-14.
44. Shimizu H. 1970. Air permeability of deposited snow. Low Temperature Science Series 22: 1-32.
45. Singh P, Spitzbart G, Huebl H, Weinmeister HW. 1999. Importance of ice layers on liquid water storage within a snowpack. Hydrological Processes 13: 1799-1805.
46. Sturm M, Holmgren J. 1993. Rain-induced water percolation in snow as detected using heat flux transducers. Water Resources Research 29(7): 2323-2334.
47. Waldner PA, Schneebeli M, Schultze-Zimmerman U, Flüher H. 2004. Effect of snow structure on water flow and solute transport. Hydrological Processes 18: 1271-1290.
48. Wankiewicz A. 1979. A review of water movement in snow. In Modeling of Snow Cover Runoff, Colbeck SC, Ray M (eds). US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory: Hanover, NH: 222-252.
49. Willis I. 1995. Intra-annual variations in glacier motion: a review. Progress in Physical Geography 19(1): 61-106.
50. Willis IC, Arnold NS, Brock BW. 2002. Effect of snowpack removal on energy balance, melt and runoff in a small supraglacial catchment. Hydrological Processes 16: 2721-2749.