The natural history of multiple sclerosis, a geographically based study 10: Relapses and long-term disability

Brain

Volumn 133, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 1914-1929

  Scalfari, Antonio ^a   Neuhaus, Anneke ^b   Degenhardt, Alexandra ^c   Rice, George P ^d   Muraro, Paolo A ^a   Daumer, Martin ^b   Ebers, George C ^c  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b Sylvia Lawry Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

long term disability; multiple sclerosis; natural history; relapses

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DETERIORATION; DISABILITY; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; HUMAN; LATENT PERIOD; LONG TERM CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NERVE DEGENERATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELAPSE; SURVIVAL RATE;

ADULT; DISABLED PERSONS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; KAPLAN-MEIERS ESTIMATE; MALE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING; ONTARIO; RECURRENCE; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 77954364428     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: 14602156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq118     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Beutler E, Sipe JC, Romine JS, Koziol JA, McMillan R, Zyroff J. The treatment of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis with cladribine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 1716-1720 (Pubitemid 26075191)
2. Bjartmar C, Kinkel RP, Kidd G, Rudick RA, Trapp BD. Axonal loss in normal-appearing white matter in a patient with acute multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2001; 57: 1248-1252
3. Broman T, Andersen O, Bergmann L. Clinical studies on multiple sclerosis. I. Presentation of an incidence material from Gothenburg. Acta Neurol Scand 1981; 63: 6-33.
4. Coles AJ, Wing MG, Molyneux P, Paolillo A, Davie CM, Hale G, et al. Monoclonal antibody treatment exposes three mechanisms underlying the clinical course of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1999; 46: 296-304.
5. Confavreux C, Aimard G, Devic M. Course and prognosis of multiple sclerosis assessed by the computerized data processing of 349 patients. Brain 1980; 103: 281-300.
6. Confavreux C, Vukusic S, Moreau T, Adeleine P. Relapses and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1430-1438
7. Confavreux C, Vukusic S, Adeleine P. Early clinical predictors and progression of irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis: an amnesic process. Brain 2003; 126(Pt 4): 770-782
8. Cottrell DA, Kremenchutzky M, Rice GP, Koopman WJ, Hader W, Baskerville J, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 5. The clinical features and natural history of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 1999; 122(Pt 4): 625-639
9. Cox DR, Oakes D. Analysis of survival data. London: Chapman &Hall; 1984.
10. DeLuca GC, Williams K, Evangelou N, Ebers GC, Esiri MM. The contribution of demyelination to axonal loss in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2006; 129(Pt 6): 1507-1516
11. Eriksson M, Andersen O, Runmarker B. Long-term follow up of patients with clinically isolated syndromes, relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2003; 9: 260-274
12. European Study Group. Placebo-controlled multicentre randomised trial of interferon beta-1b in treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. European Study Group on interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1998; 352: 1491-1497
13. Fisniku LK, Brex PA, Altmann DR, Miszkiel KA, Benton CE, Lanyon R, et al. Disability and T2 MRI lesions: a 20-year follow-up of patients with relapse onset of multiple sclerosis. Brain 2008; 131(Pt 3): 808-817
14. Fog T, Linnemann F. The course of multiple sclerosis in 73 cases with computer-designed curves. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1970; 47: 3-175.
15. Frischer JM, Bramow S, Dal-Bianco A, Lucchinetti CF, Rauschka H, Schmidbauer M, et al. The relation between inflammation and neuro-degeneration in multiple sclerosis brains. Brain 2009; 132(Pt 5): 1175-1189
16. Goodkin DE, Hertsgaard D, Rudick RA. Exacerbation rates and adherence to disease type in a prospectively followed-up population with multiple sclerosis. Implications for clinical trials. Arch Neurol 1989; 46: 1107-1112
17. Hader WJ, Elliott M, Ebers GC. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in London and Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada. Neurology 1988; 38: 617-621
18. IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology 1993; 43: 655-661
19. IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final outcome of the randomized controlled trial. The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and The University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group. Neurology 1995; 45: 1277-1285
20. Jacobs LD, Cookfair DL, Rudick RA, Herndon RM, Richert JR, Salazar AM, et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG). Ann Neurol 1996; 39: 285-294
21. Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Cohen JA, Ford CC, Goldstein J, Lisak RP, et al. Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology 1995; 45: 1268-1276
22. Kantarci O, Siva A, Eraksoy M, Karabudak R, Sutlas N, Agaoglu J, et al. Survival and predictors of disability in Turkish multiple sclerosis patients. Turkish Multiple Sclerosis Study Group (TUMSSG). Neurology 1998; 51: 765-772
23. Kira J. Multiple sclerosis in the Japanese population. Lancet Neurol 2003; 2: 117-127
24. Kremenchutzky M, Cottrell D, Rice G, Hader W, Baskerville J, Koopman W, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 7. Progressive-relapsing and relapsing-progressive multiple sclerosis: a re-evaluation. Brain 1999; 122(Pt 10): 1941-1950.
25. Kremenchutzky M, Rice GP, Baskerville J, Wingerchuk DM, Ebers GC. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study 9: observations on the progressive phase of the disease. Brain 2006; 129(Pt 3): 584-594
26. Kurtzke JF. A new scale for evaluating disability in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1955; 5: 580-583
27. Lublin FD, Reingold SC. Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: results of an international survey. National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA) Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials of New Agents in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology 1996; 46: 907-911
28. Meinl E, Krumbholz M, Derfuss T, Junker A, Hohlfeld R. Compartmentalization of inflammation in the CNS: A major mechanism driving progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2008; 274: 42-44
29. Myhr KM, Riise T, Vedeler C, Nortvedt MW, Gronning R, Midgard R, et al. Disability and prognosis in multiple sclerosis: demographic and clinical variables important for the ability to walk and awarding of disability pension. Mult Scler 2001; 7: 59-65.
30. Noseworthy JH, Vandervoort MK, Hopkins M, Ebers GC. A referendum on clinical trial research in multiple sclerosis: the opinion of the participants at the Jekyll Island workshop. Neurology 1989; 39: 977-981
31. Noseworthy JH, Vandervoort MK, Penman M, Ebers G, Shumak K, Seland TP, et al. Cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1991; 337: 1540-1.
32. Patzold U, Pocklington PR. Course of multiple sclerosis. First results of a prospective study carried out of 102 MS patients from 1976-1980. Acta Neurol Scand. 1982. 65. 248-266
33. Phadke JG. Clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis in north-east Scotland with particular reference to its course and prognosis. Brain 1990; 113(Pt 6) 1597-1628
34. Course of multiple sclerosis. First results of a prospective study carried out of 102 MS patients from 1976-1980.
35. Poser CM, Paty DW, Scheinberg L, McDonald WI, Davis FA, Ebers GC, et al. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol 1983; 13: 227-231
36. PRISMS Study Group. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon beta-1a in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis. PRISMS (Prevention of Relapses and Disability by Interferon beta-1a Subcutaneously in Multiple Sclerosis) Study Group. Lancet 1998; 352: 1498-1504
37. Rice GP, Filippi M, Comi G. Cladribine and progressive MS: clinical and MRI outcomes of a multicenter controlled trial. Cladribine MRI Study Group. Neurology 2000; 54: 1145-1155
38. Team RDC. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2008.
39. The Optic Neuritis Study Group. Multiple sclerosis risk after optic neuritis. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 727-732
40. Trapp BD, Nave KA. Multiple sclerosis: an immune or neurodegenerative disorder? Annu Rev Neurosci 2008; 31: 247-269
41. Weinshenker BG, Ebers GC. The natural history of multiple sclerosis. Can J Neurol Sci 1987; 14: 255-261
42. Weinshenker BG, Bass B, Rice GP, Noseworthy J, Carriere W, Baskerville J, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. I. Clinical course and disability. Brain 1989a; 112(Pt 1): 133-146 (Pubitemid 19056478)
43. Weinshenker BG, Bass B, Rice GP, Noseworthy J, Carriere W, Baskerville J, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 2. Predictive value of the early clinical course. Brain 1989b; 112(Pt 6): 1419-1428 (Pubitemid 20024212)
44. Wingerchuk DM, Hogancamp WF, O'Brien PC, Weinshenker BG. The clinical course of neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome). Neurology 1999; 53: 1107-1114