메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 277, Issue 1689, 2010, Pages 1789-1797

Ecological release from interspecific competition leads to decoupled changes in population and individual niche width

Author keywords

Ecological release; Gasterosteus aculeatus; Individual specialization; Interspecific competition; Niche variation hypothesis; Three spine stickleback

Indexed keywords

INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; JUVENILE; NICHE BREADTH; NICHE PARTITIONING; POPULATION GROWTH; SALMONID; SPECIALIZATION; TIMESCALE;

EID: 77954321499     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.0018     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (367)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 11444251038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of niche width and adaptive diversification
    • Ackermann, M. & Doebeli, M. 2004 Evolution of niche width and adaptive diversification. Evolution 58, 2599-2612.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 2599-2612
    • Ackermann, M.1    Doebeli, M.2
  • 2
    • 34548569922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual specialization in the hunting-wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) albonigrum (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)
    • doi: 10.1007/s00265-007-0425-z
    • Araújo, M. S. & Gonzaga, M. O. 2007 Individual specialization in the hunting-wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) albonigrum (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 61, 1855-1863. (doi: 10.1007/s00265-007- 0425-z)
    • (2007) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.61 , pp. 1855-1863
    • Araújo, M.S.1    Gonzaga, M.O.2
  • 3
    • 46349095280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Network analysis reveals contrasting effects of intraspecific competition on individual versus population diets
    • doi: 10.1890/07-0630.1
    • Araújo, M. S., Guimaraes, P. R. J., Svanbäck, R., Pinheiro, A., dos Reis, S. F. & Bolnick, D. I. 2008 Network analysis reveals contrasting effects of intraspecific competition on individual versus population diets. Ecology 98, 1981-1993. (doi: 10.1890/07-0630.1)
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.98 , pp. 1981-1993
    • Araújo, M.S.1    Guimaraes, P.R.J.2    Svanbäck, R.3    Pinheiro, A.4    Dos Reis, S.F.5    Bolnick, D.I.6
  • 4
    • 0001256345 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of niche breadth in populations of ants
    • doi: 10.1086/ 283500
    • Bernstein, R. A. 1979 Evolution of niche breadth in populations of ants. Am. Nat. 114, 533-544. (doi: 10.1086/ 283500)
    • (1979) Am. Nat. , vol.114 , pp. 533544
    • Bernstein, R.A.1
  • 5
    • 0035932464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific competition favours niche width expansion in Drosophila melanogaster
    • doi:10.1038/35068555
    • Bolnick, D. I. 2001 Intraspecific competition favours niche width expansion in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature 410, 463-466. (doi:10.1038/ 35068555)
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 463-466
    • Bolnick, D.I.1
  • 6
    • 1842475834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can intraspecific competition drive disruptive selection? An experimental test in natural populations of sticklebacks
    • Bolnick, D. I. 2004 Can intraspecific competition drive disruptive selection? An experimental test in natural populations of sticklebacks. Evolution 87, 608-618.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.87 , pp. 608-618
    • Bolnick, D.I.1
  • 7
    • 73849134657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet similarity declines with morphological distance between conspecific individuals
    • Bolnick, D. I. & Paull, J. 2009 Diet similarity declines with morphological distance between conspecific individuals. Evol. Ecol. Res. 11, 1217-1233.
    • (2009) Evol. Ecol. Res. , vol.11 , pp. 1217-1233
    • Bolnick, D.I.1    Paull, J.2
  • 8
    • 0012775617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring individual-level resource specialization
    • doi:10.1890/ 0012-9658(2002)083[2936:MILRS]2.0.CO;2
    • Bolnick, D. I., Yang, L. H., Fordyce, J. A., Davis, J. M. & Svanbäck, R. 2002 Measuring individual-level resource specialization. Ecology 83, 2936-2941. (doi:10.1890/ 0012-9658(2002)083[2936:MILRS]2.0.CO;2)
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 29362941
    • Bolnick, D.I.1    Yang, L.H.2    Fordyce, J.A.3    Davis, J.M.4    Svanbäck, R.5
  • 9
    • 0346664358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology of individuals: Incidence and implications of individual specialization
    • doi: 10.1086/343878
    • Bolnick, D. I., Svanbäck, R., Fordyce, J. A., Yang, L. H., Davis, J. M., Hulsey, C. D. & Forrister, M. L. 2003 The ecology of individuals: incidence and implications of individual specialization. Am. Nat. 161, 1-28. (doi: 10.1086/343878)
    • (2003) Am. Nat. , vol.161 , pp. 1-28
    • Bolnick, D.I.1    Svanbäck, R.2    Fordyce, J.A.3    Yang, L.H.4    Davis, J.M.5    Hulsey, C.D.6    Forrister, M.L.7
  • 10
    • 34547204728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More generalized populations are also more heterogeneous: Comparative support for the niche variation hypothesis
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0703743104
    • Bolnick, D. I., Svanback, R., Araujo, M. & Persson, L. 2007 More generalized populations are also more heterogeneous: comparative support for the niche variation hypothesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 10 075-10 079. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0703743104)
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 10075-10079
    • Bolnick, D.I.1    Svanback, R.2    Araujo, M.3    Persson, L.4
  • 11
    • 46349095854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration load in a pair of ecologically divergent lacustrine stickleback populations
    • doi:10.1111/j.l095-8312.2008.00978.x
    • Bolnick, D. I., Caldera, E. & Matthews, B. 2008 Migration load in a pair of ecologically divergent lacustrine stickleback populations. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 94, 373-387. (doi:10.1111/j.l095-8312.2008.00978.x)
    • (2008) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.94 , pp. 373-387
    • Bolnick, D.I.1    Caldera, E.2    Matthews, B.3
  • 12
    • 85020820613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In review. Persistent among-individual variation in microhabitat use by three-spine stickleback
    • Bolnick, D. I., Hendrix, K., Carlson, R. C. & Snowberg, L. K. In review. Persistent among-individual variation in microhabitat use by three-spine stickleback. Can. J. Zool.
    • Can. J. Zool.
    • Bolnick, D.I.1    Hendrix, K.2    Carlson, R.C.3    Snowberg, L.K.4
  • 14
    • 0001611409 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies of the niche
    • doi:10. 1146/annurev.es.06.110175.001433
    • Colwell, R. K. & Fuentes, E. R. 1975 Experimental studies of the niche. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 6, 281-310. (doi:10. 1146/annurev.es.06.110175. 001433)
    • (1975) Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.6 , pp. 281-310
    • Colwell, R.K.1    Fuentes, E.R.2
  • 15
    • 56649114483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Niche expansion and the niche variation hypo
    • thesis: does the degree of individual variation increase in depauperate assemblages? doi:10.1086/ 592998
    • Costa, G. C., Mesquita, D. O., Colli, G. R. & Vitt, L. J. 2008 Niche expansion and the niche variation hypothesis: does the degree of individual variation increase in depauperate assemblages? Am. Nat. 12, 868-877. (doi:10.1086/ 592998)
    • (2008) Am. Nat. , vol.12 , pp. 868877
    • Costa, G.C.1    Mesquita, D.O.2    Colli, G.R.3    Vitt, L.J.4
  • 16
    • 0028177812 scopus 로고
    • Character displacement, sexual dimorphism, and morphological variation among British and Irish mustelids
    • doi:10.2307/1939430
    • Dayan, T. & Simberloff, D. 1994 Character displacement, sexual dimorphism, and morphological variation among British and Irish mustelids. Ecology 75, 1063-1073. (doi:10.2307/1939430)
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1063-1073
    • Dayan, T.1    Simberloff, D.2
  • 17
    • 0001302102 scopus 로고
    • Ecological consequences of island colonization by south-west pacific birds. I. Types of niche shifts
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.67.2.529
    • Diamond, J. M. 1971 Ecological consequences of island colonization by south-west Pacific birds. I. Types of niche shifts. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 67, 529-536. (doi:10.1073/pnas.67.2.529)
    • (1971) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.67 , pp. 529-536
    • Diamond, J.M.1
  • 18
    • 0020421566 scopus 로고
    • 'Ecological release,' seasonal variation in food supply, and the hummingbird Amazilla tobaci on trinidad and Tobago
    • doi:10.2307/1938881
    • Feinsinger, P. & Swarm, L. A. 1982 'Ecological release,' seasonal variation in food supply, and the hummingbird Amazilla tobaci on Trinidad and Tobago. Ecology 63, 1574-1587. (doi:10.2307/1938881)
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 1574-1587
    • Feinsinger, P.1    Swarm, L.A.2
  • 19
    • 0000312779 scopus 로고
    • Ecological compatibility of bird species on islands
    • doi: 10.1086/282438
    • Grant, P. R. 1966 Ecological compatibility of bird species on islands. Am. Nat. 100, 451-462. (doi: 10.1086/282438)
    • (1966) Am. Nat. , vol.100 , pp. 451-462
    • Grant, P.R.1
  • 20
    • 0001692441 scopus 로고
    • Population variation in continuously varying traits as an ecological genetics problem
    • Grant, P. R. & Price, T.D. 1981 Population variation in continuously varying traits as an ecological genetics problem. Am. Zool. 21, 795-811.
    • (1981) Am. Zool. , vol.21 , pp. 795-811
    • Grant, P.R.1    Price, T.D.2
  • 21
    • 0028992727 scopus 로고
    • Compensation in resource use by foragers released from interspecific competition
    • doi: 10.1016/0022-0981 (94)00149-8
    • Holbrook, S. J. & Schmitt, R. J. 1995 Compensation in resource use by foragers released from interspecific competition. J. Exper. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 185, 219-233. (doi: 10.1016/0022-0981 (94)00149-8)
    • (1995) J. Exper. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.185 , pp. 219233
    • Holbrook, S.J.1    Schmitt, R.J.2
  • 22
    • 0015594311 scopus 로고
    • Site selection by parasitic helminths: Interspecific interactions, site segregation, and their importance to the development of helminth communities
    • doi:10.1139/z73-047
    • Holmes, J. C. 1973 Site selection by parasitic helminths: interspecific interactions, site segregation, and their importance to the development of helminth communities. Can. J. Zool. 51, 333-347. (doi:10.1139/z73-047)
    • (1973) Can. J. Zool. , vol.51 , pp. 333-347
    • Holmes, J.C.1
  • 23
    • 0000267002 scopus 로고
    • Concluding remarks, cold spring harbor symposium
    • Hutchinson, G. E. 1957 Concluding remarks, Cold Spring Harbor Symposium. Quantitative Biology 22, 415-427.
    • (1957) Quantitative Biology , vol.22 , pp. 415-427
    • Hutchinson, G.E.1
  • 24
    • 0001726764 scopus 로고
    • Ecological shift and release in an isolated population: Conus milliaris at easter Island
    • doi: 10.2307/2937234
    • Kohn, A. J. 1978 Ecological shift and release in an isolated population: Conus milliaris at Easter Island. Ecol. Monog. 48, 323-336. (doi: 10.2307/2937234)
    • (1978) Ecol. Monog. , vol.48 , pp. 323-336
    • Kohn, A.J.1
  • 25
    • 0037470443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging adaptation and the relationship between food-web complexity and stability
    • doi:10.1126/science.l079154
    • Kondoh, M. 2003 Foraging adaptation and the relationship between food-web complexity and stability. Science 299, 1388-1391. (doi:10.1126/science.l079154)
    • (2003) Science , vol.299 , pp. 1388-1391
    • Kondoh, M.1
  • 26
    • 37049184967 scopus 로고
    • Memory constraints and flower choice in pieris rapae
    • doi:10.1126/science. 232.4752.863
    • Lewis, A. C. 1986 Memory constraints and flower choice in Pieris rapae. Science 232, 863-864. (doi:10.1126/science. 232.4752.863)
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , pp. 863-864
    • Lewis, A.C.1
  • 27
    • 0017047605 scopus 로고
    • The nature of niche expansion in West Indian Anolis lizards II: Evolutionary components
    • doi: 10.2307/2407809
    • Lister, B. C. 1976 The nature of niche expansion in West Indian Anolis lizards II: evolutionary components. Evolution 30, 677-692. (doi: 10.2307/2407809)
    • (1976) Evolution , vol.30 , pp. 677-692
    • Lister, B.C.1
  • 28
    • 0030798203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary consequences of ecological release in caribbean anolis lizards
    • Losos, J. B. & de Queiroz, K. 1997 Evolutionary consequences of ecological release in Caribbean Anolis lizards. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 61, 459-483.
    • (1997) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.61 , pp. 459-483
    • Losos, J.B.1    De Queiroz, K.2
  • 29
    • 70149111482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruptive selection in natural populations: The roles of ecological specialization and resource competition
    • doi:10.1086/600090
    • Martin, R. A. & Pfennig, D. W. 2009 Disruptive selection in natural populations: the roles of ecological specialization and resource competition. Am. Nat. 174, 268-281. (doi:10.1086/600090)
    • (2009) Am. Nat. , vol.174 , pp. 268-281
    • Martin, R.A.1    Pfennig, D.W.2
  • 31
    • 20444369186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability and sexual size dimorphism in carnivores: Testing the niche variation hypothesis
    • doi:10. 1890/04-1503
    • Meiri, S., Dayan, T. & Simberloff, D. 2005 Variability and sexual size dimorphism in carnivores: testing the niche variation hypothesis. Ecology 86, 1432-1440. (doi:10. 1890/04-1503)
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 1432-1440
    • Meiri, S.1    Dayan, T.2    Simberloff, D.3
  • 32
    • 0022242728 scopus 로고
    • Population experiments with the Anolis lizards of St Maarten and St Eustatius
    • doi:10.2307/1941313
    • Pacala, S. W. & Roughgarden, J. 1985 Population experiments with the Anolis lizards of St Maarten and St Eustatius. Ecology 66, 129-141. (doi:10.2307/1941313)
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 129-141
    • Pacala, S.W.1    Roughgarden, J.2
  • 33
    • 0032909702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet shift in fish following competitive release
    • doi:10.1139/cjfas-56-l-70
    • Persson, A. & Hansson, A. 1999 Diet shift in fish following competitive release. Can. J. Fish. Aq. Sci 56, 70-78. (doi:10.1139/cjfas-56-l- 70)
    • (1999) Can. J. Fish. Aq. Sci , vol.56 , pp. 70-78
    • Persson, A.1    Hansson, A.2
  • 34
    • 0022247524 scopus 로고
    • Optimal foraging: The difficulty of exploiting different feeding strategies simultaneously
    • doi:10.1007/BF00384938
    • Persson, L. 1985 Optimal foraging: the difficulty of exploiting different feeding strategies simultaneously. Oecologia 67, 338-341. (doi:10.1007/ BF00384938)
    • (1985) Oecologia , vol.67 , pp. 338-341
    • Persson, L.1
  • 35
    • 35748932852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing
    • R Development Core Team. 2007 R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
    • (2007) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
  • 36
    • 0028163313 scopus 로고
    • Character release and displacement in fishes: A neglected literature
    • doi: 10.1086/285696
    • Robinson, B. W. & Wilson, D. S. 1994 Character release and displacement in fishes: a neglected literature. Am. Nat. 144, 596-627. (doi: 10.1086/285696)
    • (1994) Am. Nat. , vol.144 , pp. 596-627
    • Robinson, B.W.1    Wilson, D.S.2
  • 37
    • 0033790578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pluralistic analysis of character release in pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus)
    • Robinson, B. W., Wilson, D. S. & Margosian, A. S. 2000 A pluralistic analysis of character release in pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). Ecology 81, 299-2812.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 299-2812
    • Robinson, B.W.1    Wilson, D.S.2    Margosian, A.S.3
  • 38
    • 0015905037 scopus 로고
    • The niche variation model-is it valid?
    • doi: 10.1086/282862
    • Rothstein, S. I. 1973 The niche variation model-is it valid? Am. Nat. 107, 598-620. (doi: 10.1086/282862)
    • (1973) Am. Nat. , vol.107 , pp. 598-620
    • Rothstein, S.I.1
  • 39
    • 0000722825 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of niche width
    • doi: 10.1086/282807
    • Roughgarden, J. 1972 Evolution of niche width. Am. Nat. 106, 683-718. (doi: 10.1086/282807)
    • (1972) Am. Nat. , vol.106 , pp. 683-718
    • Roughgarden, J.1
  • 40
    • 0000737002 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of bill size differences among sympatric congeneric birds
    • doi: 10.2307/2406374
    • Schoener, T. W. 1965 The evolution of bill size differences among sympatric congeneric birds. Evolution 19, 189-213. (doi: 10.2307/2406374)
    • (1965) Evolution , vol.19 , pp. 189-213
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 41
    • 0000528661 scopus 로고
    • Theory of feeding strategies
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.es.02. 110171.002101JJ
    • Schoener, T. W. 1971 Theory of feeding strategies. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 2, 369-404. (doi:10.1146/annurev.es.02. 110171.002101)JJ
    • (1971) Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.2 , pp. 369404
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 42
    • 0024772712 scopus 로고
    • The ecological niche
    • (ed. J. M. Cherrett), Oxford, UK: Blackwell
    • Schoener, T. 1989 The ecological niche. In Ecological concepts (ed. J. M. Cherrett), pp. 79-113. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
    • (1989) Ecological Concepts , pp. 79-113
    • Schoener, T.1
  • 43
    • 0034966011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal diet theory: When does it work and when and why does it fail?
    • doi:10.1006/anbe.2000.1592
    • Sih, A. & Christensen, B. 2001 Optimal diet theory: when does it work and when and why does it fail? Anim. Behav. 61, 379-390. (doi:10.1006/anbe. 2000.1592)
    • (2001) Anim. Behav. , vol.61 , pp. 379390
    • Sih, A.1    Christensen, B.2
  • 44
    • 54349104258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assortative mating by diet in a phenotypically unimodal but ecologically variable population of stickleback
    • doi:10.1086/591692
    • Snowberg, L. & Bolnick, D. I. 2008 Assortative mating by diet in a phenotypically unimodal but ecologically variable population of stickleback. Am. Nat 172, 733-739. (doi:10.1086/591692)
    • (2008) Am. Nat , vol.172 , pp. 733-739
    • Snowberg, L.1    Bolnick, D.I.2
  • 45
    • 0002458461 scopus 로고
    • Niche variation' hypothesis: A test and alternatives
    • doi: 10.1086/282642
    • Soule, M. & Stewart, B. R. 1970 The 'niche variation' hypothesis: a test and alternatives. Am. Nat. 104, 85-97. (doi: 10.1086/282642)
    • (1970) Am. Nat. , vol.104 , pp. 85-97
    • Soule, M.1    Stewart, B.R.2
  • 47
    • 27944472659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific competition affects the strength of individual specialization: An optimal diet theory model
    • Svanbäck, R. & Bolnick, D. I. 2005 Intraspecific competition affects the strength of individual specialization: an optimal diet theory model. Eviol. Res. 7, 993-1012.
    • (2005) Eviol. Res. , vol.7 , pp. 993-1012
    • Svanbäck, R.1    Bolnick, D.I.2
  • 48
    • 34247265586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific competition promotes resource use diversity within a natural population
    • doi:10.1098/rspb. 2006.0198
    • Svanbäck, R. & Bolnick, D. I. 2007 Intraspecific competition promotes resource use diversity within a natural population. Proc. R. Soc. B 274, 839-844. (doi:10.1098/rspb. 2006.0198)
    • (2007) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.274 , pp. 839844
    • Svanbäck, R.1    Bolnick, D.I.2
  • 49
    • 4344668017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual specialization, niche width and population dynamics: Implications for trophic polymorphisms
    • doi:10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00868.x
    • Svanbäck, R. & Persson, L. 2004 Individual specialization, niche width and population dynamics: implications for trophic polymorphisms. J. Anim. Ecol. 73, 973-982. (doi:10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00868.x)
    • (2004) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.73 , pp. 973-982
    • Svanbäck, R.1    Persson, L.2
  • 50
    • 63449093248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population density fluctuations change the selection gradient in Eurasian perch
    • doi: 10.1086/597223
    • Svanbäck, R. & Persson, L. 2009 Population density fluctuations change the selection gradient in Eurasian perch. Am. Nat. 173, 507-516. (doi: 10.1086/597223)
    • (2009) Am. Nat. , vol.173 , pp. 507-516
    • Svanbäck, R.1    Persson, L.2
  • 51
    • 36749000061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-specific competition drives multiple species trophic polymorphism in fish communities
    • doi:10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.16267.x
    • Svanbäck, R., Eklöv, P., Fransson, R. & Holmgren, K. O. 2008 Intra-specific competition drives multiple species trophic polymorphism in fish communities. Oikos 117, 114-124. (doi:10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.16267.x)
    • (2008) Oikos , vol.117 , pp. 114-124
    • Svanbäck, R.1    Eklöv, P.2    Fransson, R.3    Holmgren, K.O.4
  • 52
    • 0000022728 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetic models for the coevolution of character displacement
    • doi: 10.2307/1940385
    • Taper, M. L. & Case, T. J. 1985 Quantitative genetic models for the coevolution of character displacement. Ecology 66, 355-371. (doi: 10.2307/1940385)
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 355-371
    • Taper, M.L.1    Case, T.J.2
  • 53
    • 0000227828 scopus 로고
    • Turnover and ecological release in the avifauna of Mona Island, Puerto Rico
    • Terborgh, J. W & Faaborg, J. 1973 Turnover and ecological release in the avifauna of Mona Island, Puerto Rico. Auk 90, 759-779.
    • (1973) Auk , vol.90 , pp. 759-779
    • Terborgh, J.W.1    Faaborg, J.2
  • 54
    • 40449142481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence of competitive release in sympatric carnivores
    • doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0516
    • Trewby, I. D. et al. 2007 Experimental evidence of competitive release in sympatric carnivores. Biol. Lett. 4, 170-172. (doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0516)
    • (2007) Biol. Lett. , vol.4 , pp. 170-172
    • Trewby, I.D.1
  • 55
    • 0001064229 scopus 로고
    • Morphological variation and width of ecological niche
    • Van Valen, L. 1965 Morphological variation and width of ecological niche. Am. Nat. 99, 377-389.
    • (1965) Am. Nat. , vol.99 , pp. 377-389
    • Van Valen, L.1
  • 56
    • 0030433375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological explanation through functional morphology: The feeding biology of sunfishes
    • doi: 10.2307/2265531
    • Wainwright, P. C. 1996 Ecological explanation through functional morphology: the feeding biology of sunfishes. Ecology 77, 1336-1343. (doi: 10.2307/2265531)
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1336-1343
    • Wainwright, P.C.1
  • 57
    • 0022854366 scopus 로고
    • Stable underdominance and the evolutionary invasion of empty niches
    • doi: 10.1086/284528\
    • Wilson, D. S. & Turelli, M. 1986 Stable underdominance and the evolutionary invasion of empty niches. Am. Nat. 127, 835-850. (doi: 10.1086/284528)\
    • (1986) Am. Nat. , vol.127 , pp. 835-850
    • Wilson, D.S.1    Turelli, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.