Foraging adaptation and the relationship between food-web complexity and stability

Science

Volumn 299, Issue 5611, 2003, Pages 1388-1391

  Kondoh, Michio ^a,b  

^a KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECOSYSTEMS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS;

FOOD-WEB COMPLEXITY;

ECOLOGY;

ADAPTATION; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE; FOOD WEB; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; STABILITY ANALYSIS;

ARTICLE; CONSUMER; ECOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FACILITATION; FOOD PREFERENCE; FOOD WEB; FORAGE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; MOLECULAR STABILITY; MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION; OBSERVATION; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STOCHASTIC MODEL; THEORY;

ADAPTATION, BIOLOGICAL; ANIMALS; BIOMASS; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; DIET; ECOSYSTEM; EVOLUTION; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOOD CHAIN; MATHEMATICS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; POPULATION DYNAMICS;

EID: 0037470443     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1079154     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. R. M. May, Nature 238, 413 (1972).
2. S. L. Pimm, J. H. Lawton, Nature 268, 329 (1977).
3. S. L. Pimm, The Balance of Nature? (Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1991).
4. X. Chen, J. E. Cohen, J. Theor. Biol. 212, 223 (2001).
5. X. Chen, J. E. Cohen, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 268, 869 (2001).
6. K. O. Winemiller, Ecol. Monogr. 60, 331 (1990).
7. N. D. Martinez, Ecol. Monogr. 61, 367 (1991).
8. G. A. Polis, Am. Nat. 138, 123 (1991).
9. L. Goldwasser, J. Roughgarden, Ecology 74, 1216 (1993).
10. R. V. Solé, J. M. Montoya, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 268, 2039 (2001).
11. A.-M. Neutel, J. A. P. Heesterbeek, P. C. de Ruiter, Science 296, 1120 (2002).
12. D. W. Stephens, J. R. Krebs, Foraging Theory (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1987).
13. A. A. Agrawal, Science 294, 321 (2001).
14. A. Joshi, J. N. Thompson, Evolution 51, 846 (1997).
15. J. N. Thompson, Trends Ecol. Evol. 13, 329 (1998).
16. P. A. Abrams, in Food Webs: Integration of Pattern and Dynamics, G. A. Polis, K. O. Winemiller, Eds. (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 1996), pp. 113-121.
17. P. A. Abrams, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 31, 79 (2000).
18. J. E., Cohen, F. Briand, C. M. Newman, Community Food Webs: Data and Theory (Springer-Verlag Berlin, 1990).
19. In a random model, consumer and resource roles are assigned at random to two interacting species. The model has a maximal degree of freedom and generates food webs with complex substructure considered common in real food webs (6-9). The cascade model assumes a hierarchical relationship between species that constrains the trophic role as consumer or resource: hierarchically higher species are always feeding on species with a lower ranking. This model cannot generate any loops, but explains some important properties of natural food webs such as the species richness among trophic levels (18).
20. E. A. Bernays, D. J. Funk, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 266, 151 (1999).
21. H. Matsuda, M. Hori, P. A. Abrams, Evol. Ecol. 10, 13 (1996).
22. W. F. Humphreys, J. Anim. Ecol. 48, 427 (1979).
23. C. T. Robbins, Wildlife Feeding and Nutrition (Academic Press, London, 1983).
24. i) in the absence of interspecific interaction (food web being always persistent when C = 0), they are either autotrophs or use external resources (35). This assumption avoids a confounding effect (36) of an increase in interspecific links decreasing the number of heterotrophic species with no potential diet present in the web.
25. R. Dukas, E. A. Bernays, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 2637 (2000).
26. M. Egas, M. W. Sabelis, Ecol. Lett. 4, 190 (2001).
27. M. Hori, Science 260, 216 (1993).
28. G. P. Closs, P. S. Lake, Ecol. Monogr. 64, 1 (1994).
29. A. F. Tavares-Cromar, D. D. Williams, Ecol. Monogr. 66, 91 (1996).
30. R. T. Paine, Nature 355, 73 (1992).
31. D. G. Raffaelli, S. J. Hall, in Food Webs: Integration of Pattern and Dynamics, G. A. Polis, K. O. Wine-miller, Eds. (Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA, 1996), pp. 185-191.
32. J. T. Wooton, Ecol. Monogr. 67, 45 (1997).
33. N. G. Hairston Jr. et al. Nature 401, 446 (1999).
34. K. Schoenly, J. E. Cohen, Ecol. Monogr. 61, 267 (1991).
35. G. A. Poiis, S. D. Hurd, in Food Webs: Integration of Pattern and Dynamics, G. A. Polis, K. O. Winemiller, Eds. (Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA, 1996), pp. 275-285.
36. D. L DeAngelis, Ecology 56, 238 (1975).
37. I thank H. Jones, N. Yamamura, and G. Takimoto for comments. Study partly supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellowship for Young Scientists.