메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 1393-1407

Female genital cosmetic surgery: A critical review of current knowledge and contemporary debates

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY; DOCTOR PATIENT RELATION; ESTHETIC SURGERY; FEMALE; FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM; GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY; HUMAN; LABIAPLASTY; MARKETING; MEDICAL ETHICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; UTERUS PROLAPSE; VAGINA DISEASE; VAGINAL VAULT PROLAPSE;

EID: 77954257812     PISSN: 15409996     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1728     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (139)

References (153)
  • 2
    • 60749101935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female genital cosmetic surgery
    • Goodman MP. Female genital cosmetic surgery. Obstet Gynecol 2009;113:154-159.
    • (2009) Obstet Gynecol , vol.113 , pp. 154-159
    • Goodman, M.P.1
  • 3
    • 27344441362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of (better) female sexual pleasure: Female genital "cosmetic" surgery
    • Braun V. In search of (better) female sexual pleasure: Female genital "cosmetic" surgery. Sexualities 2005;8: 407-424.
    • (2005) Sexualities , vol.8 , pp. 407-424
    • Braun, V.1
  • 4
    • 34548413582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal "rejuvenation" and cosmetic vaginal procedures
    • ACOG Committee Opinion No. 378:
    • ACOG Committee Opinion No. 378: Vaginal "rejuvenation" and cosmetic vaginal procedures. Obstet Gynecol 2007;110:737-738.
    • (2007) Obstet Gynecol , vol.110 , pp. 737-738
  • 5
    • 42949172597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary on di Saia JP. An unusual staged labial rejuvenation
    • Goodman MP. Commentary on Di Saia JP. An unusual staged labial rejuvenation. J Sex Med 2008;5:1266-1267.
    • (2008) J Sex Med , vol.5 , pp. 1266-1267
    • Goodman, M.P.1
  • 6
    • 72149133143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labial surgery for well women: A review of the literature
    • 10.1111=j.1471-0528.2009.02426.x
    • Liao LM, Michala L, Creighton SM. Labial surgery for well women: A review of the literature. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2009;10.1111=j.1471-0528.2009.02426.x
    • (2009) Br J Obstet Gynaecol
    • Liao, L.M.1    Michala, L.2    Creighton, S.M.3
  • 7
    • 72149107002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists New College Statement C-Gyn 24. Melbourne: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Vaginal "rejuvenation" and cosmetic vaginal procedures. New College Statement C-Gyn 24. Melbourne: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2008.
    • (2008) Vaginal "rejuvenation" and Cosmetic Vaginal Procedures
  • 11
    • 77954255177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthetische Chirurgie in der Gynäkologie
    • Nestle-Krämling C, Beck L. Asthetische Chirurgie in der Gynäkologie. Gynäkologe 2007;40:90-98.
    • (2007) Gynäkologe , vol.40 , pp. 90-98
    • Nestle-Krämling, C.1    Beck, L.2
  • 12
    • 77954248422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genitale Schönheitsoper-" ationen" bedenkliche livestyle-medizin
    • Kentenich H, Borkenhagen A. Genitale Schönheitsoper-" ationen" bedenkliche livestyle-medizin. Presse DGGG, 2008. Available at www.dggg.de=-download=unprotected= k-2008-kentenich-schoenheitsoperationen.pdf
    • (2008) Presse DGGG
    • Kentenich, H.1    Borkenhagen, A.2
  • 13
    • 68949155565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labienreduktion\Neuester ̈ Trend der kosmetischen Genitalkorrektur\Ubersichtsarbeit
    • Borkenhagen A, Kentenich H. Labienreduktion\Neuester ̈ Trend der kosmetischen Genitalkorrektur\Ubersichtsarbeit. Geburtshilfe Frauenheild 2009;69:19-23.
    • (2009) Geburtshilfe Frauenheild , vol.69 , pp. 19-23
    • Borkenhagen, A.1    Kentenich, H.2
  • 14
    • 77954256711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kosmetische " Labienreduktion"-Forschungsstand zum psychologischen, ästhetischen und funktionellen Outcome und Empfehlun-gen zu einer wissenschaftlich begrü ndeten Indikations-stellung
    • DOI:10.1055= s-0029-1208313
    • Borkenhagen A, Brähler E, Kentenich H. Kosmetische " Labienreduktion"-Forschungsstand zum psychologischen, ästhetischen und funktionellen Outcome und Empfehlun-gen zu einer wissenschaftlich begrü ndeten Indikations-stellung. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2009;69:DOI: 10.1055= s-0029-1208313.
    • (2009) Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd , vol.69
    • Borkenhagen, A.1    Brähler, E.2    Kentenich, H.3
  • 15
    • 33846799370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthetische und funktionelle Korrekturen im weiblichen Genitalbereich
    • Gress S. Asthetische und funktionelle Korrekturen im weiblichen Genitalbereich. Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch 2007;47:23-32.
    • (2007) Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch , vol.47 , pp. 23-32
    • Gress, S.1
  • 16
    • 34547883515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • La chirurgie sexuelle en France: Aspects histor-iques
    • Erlich M. La chirurgie sexuelle en France: Aspects histor-iques. Sexologies 2007;16:180-188.
    • (2007) Sexologies , vol.16 , pp. 180-188
    • Erlich, M.1
  • 17
    • 77954246361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Designer vaginas": Een issue voor seksuo-logen
    • Weijenborg P. "Designer vaginas": Een issue voor seksuo-logen. Tijdschrift Seksuologie 2006;30:181-186.
    • (2006) Tijdschrift Seksuologie , vol.30 , pp. 181-186
    • Weijenborg, P.1
  • 18
    • 77954288560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nymphoplastie (labiaplastie): Chirurgie ré-paratrice ou esthétique? Indications, techniques, résultats, complications
    • press
    • Benadiba L. Nymphoplastie (labiaplastie): Chirurgie ré-paratrice ou esthétique? Indications, techniques, résultats, complications. Ann Chir Plastique Esthétique In press.
    • Ann Chir Plastique Esthétique
    • Benadiba, L.1
  • 19
    • 0002191305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molding women's bodies: The surgeon as sculptor
    • Wilson DS, Laennec CM, eds New York: State University of New York Press;
    • Adams A. Molding women's bodies: The surgeon as sculptor. In: Wilson DS, Laennec CM, eds. Bodily discur-sions: Gender, representations, technologies. New York: State University of New York Press; 1997:59-80.
    • (1997) Bodily Discur-sions: Gender, Representations, Technologies , pp. 59-80
    • Adams, A.1
  • 20
    • 28244481446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From clitoridectomies to "designer vaginas": The medical construction of heteronormative female bodies and sexuality through female genital cutting
    • Green FJ. From clitoridectomies to "designer vaginas": The medical construction of heteronormative female bodies and sexuality through female genital cutting. Sexualities Evol Gend 2005;7:153-187.
    • (2005) Sexualities Evol Gend , vol.7 , pp. 153-187
    • Green, F.J.1
  • 24
    • 33746233333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female genital mutilation: Whose problem whose solution?
    • Conroy RM. Female genital mutilation: Whose problem, whose solution? BMJ 2006;333:106-107.
    • (2006) BMJ , vol.333 , pp. 106-107
    • Conroy, R.M.1
  • 25
    • 69249211697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This is female genital mutilation: It should be stopped or prosecuted [Letter]
    • [online]
    • Berer M. This is female genital mutilation: It should be stopped or prosecuted [Letter]. BMJ Rapid Responses [online] 2007.
    • (2007) BMJ Rapid Responses
    • Berer, M.1
  • 26
    • 34249822239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Request for cosmetic genitoplasty: How should health care providers respond? [Letter]
    • Doyle J. Request for cosmetic genitoplasty: How should health care providers respond? [Letter]. BMJ Rapid Responses [online] 2007.
    • (2007) BMJ Rapid Responses [online]
    • Doyle, J.1
  • 28
    • 0011820588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The perfectible vagina: Size matters
    • Braun V, Kitzinger C. The perfectible vagina: Size matters. Cult Health Sex 2001;3:263-277.
    • (2001) Cult Health Sex , vol.3 , pp. 263-277
    • Braun, V.1    Kitzinger, C.2
  • 31
    • 0034122421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional and aesthetic labia minora reduction
    • Maas SM, Hage JJ. Functional and aesthetic labia minora reduction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;105:1453-1456.
    • (2000) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.105 , pp. 1453-1456
    • Maas, S.M.1    Hage, J.J.2
  • 32
    • 0033962183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new method for aesthetic reduction of labia minora (the deepithelialized reduction labioplasty)
    • Laub DR. A new method for aesthetic reduction of labia minora (the deepithelialized reduction labioplasty). Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;105:423-424.
    • (2000) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.105 , pp. 423-424
    • Laub, D.R.1
  • 33
    • 0031040962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulval varicosities and labial reduction
    • Fliegner JRH. Vulval varicosities and labial reduction. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;37:129-130.
    • (1997) Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.37 , pp. 129-130
    • Fliegner, J.R.H.1
  • 34
    • 0031932001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new technique for aesthetic labia minora reduction
    • Alter GJ. A new technique for aesthetic labia minora reduction. Ann Plast Surg 1998;40:287-290.
    • (1998) Ann Plast Surg , vol.40 , pp. 287-290
    • Alter, G.J.1
  • 35
    • 0033971383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new method for aesthetic reduction of the labia minora (the deepithelialized reduction labio-plasty)
    • Choi HY, Kim KT. A new method for aesthetic reduction of the labia minora (the deepithelialized reduction labio-plasty). Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;105:419-422.
    • (2000) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.105 , pp. 419-422
    • Choi, H.Y.1    Kim, K.T.2
  • 36
    • 34249002323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Z-plasty reductional labia-plasty
    • Goldstein AT, Romanzi LJ. Z-plasty reductional labia-plasty. J Sex Med 2007;4:550-553.
    • (2007) J Sex Med , vol.4 , pp. 550-553
    • Goldstein, A.T.1    Romanzi, L.J.2
  • 37
    • 58149377066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aesthetic labia minora and clitoral hood reduction using extended central wedge resection
    • Alter GJ. Aesthetic labia minora and clitoral hood reduction using extended central wedge resection. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008;122:1780-1789.
    • (2008) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.122 , pp. 1780-1789
    • Alter, G.J.1
  • 38
    • 42949093261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An unusual staged labial rejuvenation
    • Di Saia JP. An unusual staged labial rejuvenation. J Sex Med 2008;5:1263-1267.
    • (2008) J Sex Med , vol.5 , pp. 1263-1267
    • Di Saia, J.P.1
  • 39
    • 2442497195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central wedge nym-phectomy with a 90-degree Z-plasty for aesthetic reduction of the labia minora
    • Giraldo F, González C, de Haro F. Central wedge nym-phectomy with a 90-degree Z-plasty for aesthetic reduction of the labia minora. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004;113:1820-1825.
    • (2004) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.113 , pp. 1820-1825
    • Giraldo, F.1    González, C.2    De Haro, F.3
  • 41
    • 33749447737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aesthetic labia minora reduction with inferior wedge resection and superior pedicle flap reconstruction
    • Munhoz AM, Filassi JR, Ricci MD, et al. Aesthetic labia minora reduction with inferior wedge resection and superior pedicle flap reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118:1237-1247.
    • (2006) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.118 , pp. 1237-1247
    • Munhoz, A.M.1    Filassi, J.R.2    Ricci, M.D.3
  • 42
    • 0024603998 scopus 로고
    • Plastic repair of elongated, hypertrophic labia minora: A case report
    • Chavis WM, LaFerla JJ, Niccolini R. Plastic repair of elongated, hypertrophic labia minora: A case report. J Reprod Med 1989;34:373-375.
    • (1989) J Reprod Med , vol.34 , pp. 373-375
    • Chavis, W.M.1    Laferla, J.J.2    Niccolini, R.3
  • 46
    • 0022049396 scopus 로고
    • Aesthetic vaginal labioplasty [Letter]
    • Rubayi S. Aesthetic vaginal labioplasty [Letter]. Plast Re-constr Surg 1985;75:608.
    • (1985) Plast Re-constr Surg , vol.75 , pp. 608
    • Rubayi, S.1
  • 47
    • 60449089463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female genital cosmetic surgery\The future
    • Scholten E. Female genital cosmetic surgery\The future. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg 2009;62:290-291.
    • (2009) J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg , vol.62 , pp. 290-291
    • Scholten, E.1
  • 48
    • 33749424964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aesthetic labia minora reduction with inferior wedge resection and superior pedicle flap reconstruction
    • Selvaggi G. Aesthetic labia minora reduction with inferior wedge resection and superior pedicle flap reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118:1248-1250.
    • (2006) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.118 , pp. 1248-1250
    • Selvaggi, G.1
  • 49
    • 4444319131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central wedge nym-phectomy with a 90-degree Z-plasty for aesthetic reduction of the labia minora
    • Hanna MKMD, Nahai FMD. Central wedge nym-phectomy with a 90-degree Z-plasty for aesthetic reduction of the labia minora. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004; 113:1826-1827.
    • (2004) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.113 , pp. 1826-1827
    • Mkmd, H.1    Nahai, F.M.D.2
  • 51
    • 34249822239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requests for cosmetic genitoplasty: How should healthcare providers respond?
    • Liao LM, Creighton S. Requests for cosmetic genitoplasty: How should healthcare providers respond? BMJ 2007;334: 1090-1092.
    • (2007) BMJ , vol.334 , pp. 1090-1092
    • Liao, L.M.1    Creighton, S.2
  • 52
    • 77954280575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital Episode Statistics
    • Hospital Episode Statistics. Number of labial reductions, 2009. Available at www.hesonline.nhs.uk
    • (2009) Number of Labial Reductions
  • 54
    • 77954249187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery: Statistics 2008 Accessed June 1
    • The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery: Statistics 2008. Available at www.surgery.org=press=statistics-2008.php Accessed June 1, 2009.
  • 56
    • 44949257213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labiaplasty of the labia minora: Patients' indications for pursuing surgery
    • Miklos JR, Moore RD. Labiaplasty of the labia minora: Patients' indications for pursuing surgery. J Sex Med 2008;5:1492-1495.
    • (2008) J Sex Med , vol.5 , pp. 1492-1495
    • Miklos, J.R.1    Moore, R.D.2
  • 60
    • 18744363322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A demonstration of the impact of response bias on the results of patient satisfaction surveys
    • Mazor KM, Clauser BE, Field T, Yood RA, Gurwitz JH. A demonstration of the impact of response bias on the results of patient satisfaction surveys. Health Serv Res 2002;37: 1403-1417.
    • (2002) Health Serv Res , vol.37 , pp. 1403-1417
    • Mazor, K.M.1    Clauser, B.E.2    Field, T.3    Yood, R.A.4    Gurwitz, J.H.5
  • 61
    • 35948953113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expectations and experience of labial reduction: A qualitative study
    • Bramwell R, Morland C, Garden AS. Expectations and experience of labial reduction: A qualitative study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2007;114:1493-1499.
    • (2007) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.114 , pp. 1493-1499
    • Bramwell, R.1    Morland, C.2    Garden, A.S.3
  • 62
    • 77954257569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labioplasty in girls under 18 years of age: An unethical procedure?
    • Boraei S, Clark C, Frith L. Labioplasty in girls under 18 years of age: An unethical procedure? Clin Ethics 2008;3:37-41.
    • (2008) Clin Ethics , vol.3 , pp. 37-41
    • Boraei, S.1    Clark, C.2    Frith, L.3
  • 63
    • 0347029768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-based measures of outcome in plastic surgery: Current approaches and future directions
    • Cano SJ, Browne JP, Lamping DL. Patient-based measures of outcome in plastic surgery: Current approaches and future directions. Br J Plast Surg 2004;57:1-11.
    • (2004) Br J Plast Surg , vol.57 , pp. 1-11
    • Cano, S.J.1    Browne, J.P.2    Lamping, D.L.3
  • 64
    • 34548458134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring quality of life in cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery: A systematic review of patient-reported outcomes instruments
    • Pusic A, Chen C, Cano S, et al. Measuring quality of life in cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery: A systematic review of patient-reported outcomes instruments. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;120:823-837.
    • (2007) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.120 , pp. 823-837
    • Pusic, A.1    Chen, C.2    Cano, S.3
  • 65
    • 54349096570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female cosmetic genital surgery: Freakish or inevitable? Analysis from medical marketing, bioethics, and feminist theory
    • Tiefer L. Female cosmetic genital surgery: Freakish or inevitable? Analysis from medical marketing, bioethics, and feminist theory. Feminism Psychol 2008;18:466-479.
    • (2008) Feminism Psychol , vol.18 , pp. 466-479
    • Tiefer, L.1
  • 66
    • 33947179995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is elective vulvar plastic surgery ever warranted, and what screening should be conducted preoperatively?
    • Goodman MP, Bachmann G, Crista J, et al. Is elective vulvar plastic surgery ever warranted, and what screening should be conducted preoperatively? J Sex Med 2007;4:269-276.
    • (2007) J Sex Med , vol.4 , pp. 269-276
    • Goodman, M.P.1    Bachmann, G.2    Crista, J.3
  • 67
    • 19744366509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Intimate surgery" of the female: A word of caution
    • Fogdestarn I. "Intimate surgery" of the female: A word of caution. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2004;83:1101-1101
    • (2004) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.83 , pp. 1101-1101
    • Fogdestarn, I.1
  • 68
    • 77954245486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed August 1
    • Labiaplasty nightmare. Steadyhealth.com Available at www.steadyhealth. com=Labiaplasty-Nightmare-t112049.html Accessed August 1, 2009.
    • (2009) Labiaplasty Nightmare. Steadyhealth.com
  • 69
    • 77954307179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • labiaplastyrevision.com Accessed July 10
    • labiaplastyrevision.com Available at www.labiaplasty revision.com= Accessed July 10, 2009.
    • (2009)
  • 70
    • 73449102828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical risk in aesthetic surgery
    • Mercer N. Clinical risk in aesthetic surgery. Clin Risk 2009;15:215-217.
    • (2009) Clin Risk , vol.15 , pp. 215-217
    • Mercer, N.1
  • 72
    • 0027208838 scopus 로고
    • Vaginal length and sexual function after colpopexy for complete uter-ovaginal eversion
    • Given FTJ, Muhlendorf IK, Browning GM. Vaginal length and sexual function after colpopexy for complete uter-ovaginal eversion. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169:284-288.
    • (1993) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.169 , pp. 284-288
    • Ftj, G.1    Muhlendorf, I.K.2    Browning, G.M.3
  • 73
    • 30344439850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female sexual dysfunction following vaginal surgery: A review
    • Tunuguntla HSGR, Gousse AE. Female sexual dysfunction following vaginal surgery: A review. J Urol 2006;175: 439-446.
    • (2006) J Urol , vol.175 , pp. 439-446
    • Hsgr, T.1    Gousse, A.E.2
  • 74
    • 20644471629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do alterations in vaginal dimensions after reconstructive pelvic surgeries affect the risk for dyspareunia?
    • Abramov Y, Gandhi S, Botros SM, et al. Do alterations in vaginal dimensions after reconstructive pelvic surgeries affect the risk for dyspareunia? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192:1573-1577.
    • (2005) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.192 , pp. 1573-1577
    • Abramov, Y.1    Gandhi, S.2    Botros, S.M.3
  • 75
    • 0037433669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of clitoral surgery on sexual outcome in individuals who have intersex conditions with ambiguous genitalia: A cross-sectional study
    • Minto CL, Liao L-M, Woodhouse CRJ, Ransley PG, Creighton SM. The effect of clitoral surgery on sexual outcome in individuals who have intersex conditions with ambiguous genitalia: A cross-sectional study. Lancet 2003;361:1252-1257.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 1252-1257
    • Minto, C.L.1    Liao, L.-M.2    Crj, W.3    Ransley, P.G.4    Creighton, S.M.5
  • 76
    • 38849102551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual function and genital sensitivity following feminizing genitoplasty for congenital adrenal hy-perplasia
    • Crouch NS, Liao LM, Woodhouse CRJ, Conway GS, Creighton SM. Sexual function and genital sensitivity following feminizing genitoplasty for congenital adrenal hy-perplasia. J Urol 2008;179:634-638.
    • (2008) J Urol , vol.179 , pp. 634-638
    • Crouch, N.S.1    Liao, L.M.2    Crj, W.3    Conway, G.S.4    Creighton, S.M.5
  • 77
    • 57449117969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Request for operative reduction of the labia minora: A proposal for a practical guideline for gynecologists
    • Paarlberg KM, Weijenborg PTHM. Request for operative reduction of the labia minora: A proposal for a practical guideline for gynecologists. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 2008;29:230-234.
    • (2008) J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol , vol.29 , pp. 230-234
    • Paarlberg, K.M.1    Weijenborg, P.T.H.M.2
  • 78
    • 77954300834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designer vaginas: Surgery plumbs new depths
    • Ritter J. Designer vaginas: Surgery plumbs new depths. Chicago Sun-Times 2007:44.
    • (2007) Chicago Sun-Times , vol.44
    • Ritter, J.1
  • 79
    • 84900170782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selling the "perfect" vulva
    • Heyes C, Jones M, eds Farnham, UK Ashgate
    • Braun V. Selling the "perfect" vulva. In: Heyes C, Jones M, eds. Cosmetic surgery: A feminist primer. Farnham, UK Ashgate, 2009:133-149.
    • (2009) Cosmetic Surgery: A Feminist Primer , pp. 133-149
    • Braun, V.1
  • 82
    • 0037349474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The agent within: Agency repertoires in medical discourse on cosmetic surgery
    • Fraser S. The agent within: Agency repertoires in medical discourse on cosmetic surgery. Aust Feminist Stud 2003; 18:27-44.
    • (2003) Aust Feminist Stud , vol.18 , pp. 27-44
    • Fraser, S.1
  • 83
    • 23044532981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing women\Cultural hegemony and the exercise of power among women who have undergone elective mammoplasty
    • Gagne P, McGaughey D. Designing women\Cultural hegemony and the exercise of power among women who have undergone elective mammoplasty. Gend Soc 2002;16:814-838.
    • (2002) Gend Soc , vol.16 , pp. 814-838
    • Gagne, P.1    McGaughey, D.2
  • 84
    • 0017196026 scopus 로고
    • Hypertrophy of the labia minora
    • Radman HMMF. Hypertrophy of the labia minora. Obstet Gynecol 1976;48:78s.
    • (1976) Obstet Gynecol , vol.48
    • Radman, H.M.M.F.1
  • 85
    • 60149089141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female attitudes regarding labia minora appearance and reduction with consideration of media influence
    • Koning M, Zeijlmans IA, Bouman TK, van der Lei B. Female attitudes regarding labia minora appearance and reduction with consideration of media influence. Aesthetic Surg J 2009;29:65-71.
    • (2009) Aesthetic Surg J , vol.29 , pp. 65-71
    • Koning, M.1    Zeijlmans, I.A.2    Bouman, T.K.3    Van Der Lei, B.4
  • 86
    • 77957889093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "designer vagina" and the patholo-gisation of female genital diversity: Interventions for change
    • Online
    • Braun V, Tiefer L. The "designer vagina" and the patholo-gisation of female genital diversity: Interventions for change. Radical Psychol; 8. Online: http: =radicalpsychology.org/vol8-1/
    • Radical Psychol , vol.8
    • Braun, V.1    Tiefer, L.2
  • 87
    • 85047686832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The price to pay for our common good": Genital modification and the somatechnologies of cultural (in)difference
    • Sullivan N. "The price to pay for our common good": Genital modification and the somatechnologies of cultural (in)difference. Soc Semiotics 2007;17:395-409.
    • (2007) Soc Semiotics , vol.17 , pp. 395-409
    • Sullivan, N.1
  • 88
    • 0036336614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loose lips sink ships
    • Davis SW. Loose lips sink ships. Feminist Stud 2002;28:7-35.
    • (2002) Feminist Stud , vol.28 , pp. 7-35
    • Davis, S.W.1
  • 89
    • 77954264291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tech Flesh 7: Vulvas with a difference
    • Accessed August 19
    • Wilding F. Tech Flesh 7: Vulvas with a difference. Ctheory. net, 2001. Available at www.ctheory.net=articles.aspx?id/29 Accessed August 19, 2002.
    • (2001) Ctheory. Net , pp. 2002
    • Wilding, F.1
  • 91
    • 69249221502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The women are doing it for themselves": The rhetoric of choice and agency around female genital "cosmetic surgery."
    • Braun V. "The women are doing it for themselves": The rhetoric of choice and agency around female genital "cosmetic surgery." Aust Feminist Stud 2009;24:233-249.
    • (2009) Aust Feminist Stud , vol.24 , pp. 233-249
    • Braun, V.1
  • 92
    • 54049158503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The harms of medicoplasty
    • Sokol DK. The harms of medicoplasty. BMJ 2008;337:844.
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.337 , pp. 844
    • Sokol, D.K.1
  • 93
    • 77954289123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brazilian bikini wax and the designer vagina
    • Fitzpatrick M. Brazilian bikini wax and the designer vagina. Br J Gen Pract 2007;57:1005.
    • (2007) Br J Gen Pract , vol.57 , pp. 1005
    • Fitzpatrick, M.1
  • 94
    • 34447120056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nip, tuck and rejuvenate: The latest frontier for the gynecologic surgeon [Editorial]
    • Pauls RN. Nip, tuck and rejuvenate: The latest frontier for the gynecologic surgeon [Editorial]. Inte Urogynecol J 2007;18:841-842.
    • (2007) Inte Urogynecol J , vol.18 , pp. 841-842
    • Pauls, R.N.1
  • 95
    • 77954281097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kamps L. Labia envy, 1998. Available at www.salonmagazine. com=mwt=feature=1998=03=16feature.html
    • (1998) Labia Envy
    • Kamps, L.1
  • 96
    • 77954254115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vagina dialogues
    • June=July
    • Gohman J. The vagina dialogues. Bust 2009; June=July: 48-53.
    • (2009) Bust , pp. 48-53
    • Gohman, J.1
  • 97
    • 77954271090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The arrival of the designer vagina
    • September
    • Walsh F. The arrival of the designer vagina. Metro 2005; September:54-59.
    • (2005) Metro , pp. 54-59
    • Walsh, F.1
  • 99
    • 0037070802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual behaviour and its medicalisa-tion: In sickness and health
    • Hart G, Wellings K. Sexual behaviour and its medicalisa-tion: In sickness and health. BMJ 2002;324:896-900.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , pp. 896-900
    • Hart, G.1    Wellings, K.2
  • 100
    • 0344784991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicalization of racial features: Asian-American women and cosmetic surgery
    • Weitz R ed New York: Oxford University Press
    • Kaw E. Medicalization of racial features: Asian-American women and cosmetic surgery. In: Weitz R, ed. The politics of women's bodies. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998:167-183.
    • (1998) The Politics of Women's Bodies , pp. 167-183
    • Kaw, E.1
  • 101
    • 84965911571 scopus 로고
    • The medicalization of impotence: Normalizing phallocentrism
    • Tiefer L. The medicalization of impotence: Normalizing phallocentrism. Gend Soc 1994;8:363-377.
    • (1994) Gend Soc , vol.8 , pp. 363-377
    • Tiefer, L.1
  • 103
    • 33646261634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female sexual dysfunction: A case study of disease mongering and activist resistance
    • Tiefer L. Female sexual dysfunction: A case study of disease mongering and activist resistance. PloS Med 2006;3:436-439.
    • (2006) PloS Med , vol.3 , pp. 436-439
    • Tiefer, L.1
  • 104
    • 77954283542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contexts of choice: The risky business of elective cosmetic surgery
    • Jones JS, Raisborough J, eds Aldershot, UK: Ashgate
    • Raisborough J. Contexts of choice: The risky business of elective cosmetic surgery. In: Jones JS, Raisborough J, eds. Risks, identities and the everyday. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2007:19-35.
    • (2007) Risks, Identities and the Everyday , pp. 19-35
    • Raisborough, J.1
  • 105
    • 77954253680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmetic labiaplasty: The great ethical debate Accessed February 5
    • Cosmetic labiaplasty: The great ethical debate. Berman Sexual Health 2007. Available at: www.bermansexualhealth.com=index2.php?option/14;com- content&do-pdf/14;1&id/14;99 Accessed February 5, 2008.
    • (2008) Berman Sexual Health 2007
  • 106
    • 0032492099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should doctors reconstruct the vaginal introitus of adolescent girls to mimic the virginal state? (Who wants the procedure and why)
    • Logmans A, Verhoeff A, Raap RB, Creighton F, Lent MV. Should doctors reconstruct the vaginal introitus of adolescent girls to mimic the virginal state? (Who wants the procedure and why). BMJ 1998;316:459-460.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.316 , pp. 459-460
    • Logmans, A.1    Verhoeff, A.2    Raap, R.B.3    Creighton, F.4    Lent, M.V.5
  • 107
    • 3142707104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female genital mutilation in the west: Traditional circumcision versus genital cosmetic surgery
    • Essén B, Johnsdotter S. Female genital mutilation in the west: Traditional circumcision versus genital cosmetic surgery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2004;83:611-613.
    • (2004) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.83 , pp. 611-613
    • Essén, B.1    Johnsdotter, S.2
  • 108
    • 0038501705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The politics of female genital surgery in displaced communities
    • Allotey P, Manderson L, Grover S. The politics of female genital surgery in displaced communities. Crit Public Health 2001;11:189-201.
    • (2001) Crit Public Health , vol.11 , pp. 189-201
    • Allotey, P.1    Manderson, L.2    Grover, S.3
  • 110
    • 33746912368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: ACOG committee opinion No. 341: Ethical ways for physicians to market a practice
    • The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: ACOG committee opinion No. 341: Ethical ways for physicians to market a practice. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108:239-242.
    • (2006) Obstet Gynecol , vol.108 , pp. 239-242
  • 112
    • 33750454432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Customs, culture, and tradition\What role do they play in women's sexuality?
    • Fourcroy JL. Customs, culture, and tradition\What role do they play in women's sexuality? J Sex Med 2006;3: 954-959.
    • (2006) J Sex Med , vol.3 , pp. 954-959
    • Fourcroy, J.L.1
  • 113
    • 0035088585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socio-cultural representations of the vagina
    • Braun V, Wilkinson S. Socio-cultural representations of the vagina. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2001;19:17-32.
    • (2001) J Reprod Infant Psychol , vol.19 , pp. 17-32
    • Braun, V.1    Wilkinson, S.2
  • 114
    • 54349104483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The New View in activism and academics 10 years on
    • Tiefer L. The New View in activism and academics 10 years on. Feminism Psychol 2008;18:451-456.
    • (2008) Feminism Psychol , vol.18 , pp. 451-456
    • Tiefer, L.1
  • 115
    • 2942537760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Under the knife and proud of it:" An analysis of the normalization of cosmetic surgery
    • Brooks A. "Under the knife and proud of it:" An analysis of the normalization of cosmetic surgery. Crit Sociol 2004; 30:207-239.
    • (2004) Crit Sociol , vol.30 , pp. 207-239
    • Brooks, A.1
  • 116
    • 40749091841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "I just want to be me again!": Beauty pageants, reality television and post-feminism
    • Banet-Weiser S, Portwood-Stacer L. "I just want to be me again!": Beauty pageants, reality television and post-feminism. Feminist Theory 2006;7:255-272.
    • (2006) Feminist Theory , vol.7 , pp. 255-272
    • Banet-Weiser, S.1    Portwood-Stacer, L.2
  • 117
    • 69249231562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A choice too far
    • Cochrane K. A choice too far. New Statesman 2007;136: 30-31.
    • (2007) New Statesman , vol.136 , pp. 30-31
    • Cochrane, K.1
  • 118
    • 33846241755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical respect: The difficulties and dilemmas of agency and "choice" for feminism: A reply to Duits and van Zoonen
    • Gill RC. Critical respect: The difficulties and dilemmas of agency and "Choice" for feminism: A reply to Duits and van Zoonen. Eur J Womens Stud 2007;14:69-80.
    • (2007) Eur J Womens Stud , vol.14 , pp. 69-80
    • Gill, R.C.1
  • 120
    • 69249213625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The political economy of choice: Genital modification and the global cosmetic services industry
    • Herzig R. The political economy of choice: Genital modification and the global cosmetic services industry. Aust Feminist Stud 2009;24:251-263.
    • (2009) Aust Feminist Stud , vol.24 , pp. 251-263
    • Herzig, R.1
  • 121
    • 33751262676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "It's everywhere!" Young Swedish people's thoughts and reflections about pornography
    • Häggström-Nordin E, Sandberg J, Hanson U, Tydén T. "It's everywhere!" Young Swedish people's thoughts and reflections about pornography. Scand J Caring Sci 2006; 20:386-393.
    • (2006) Scand J Caring Sci , vol.20 , pp. 386-393
    • Häggström-Nordin, E.1    Sandberg, J.2    Hanson, U.3    Tydén, T.4
  • 122
    • 77954269719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desire and dollars equals designer vaginas for more and more women in the United States
    • online
    • Desire and dollars equals designer vaginas for more and more women in the United States. Making the connection, 2006;4:online. Available at www.siecus.org=inter=connection= conn0057.html
    • (2006) Making the Connection , vol.4
  • 123
    • 77954307763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G-shot parties: A shot at better sex?
    • Accessed February 25
    • Childs D. G-shot parties: A shot at better sex? ABC News, 2008. Available at abcnews.go.com=Health=PictureOfHealth=story?id/14;4312986&page/14;1 Accessed February 25, 2008.
    • (2008) ABC News , pp. 2008
    • Childs, D.1
  • 124
    • 77954255175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient request surgery
    • [online rapid response]
    • Esen UI. Patient request surgery. BMJ [online rapid response] 2008;337:a1983.
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.337
    • Esen, U.I.1
  • 125
    • 34247572480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elective vulvoplasty: A bandage that might hurt
    • Tracy EE. Elective vulvoplasty: A bandage that might hurt. Obstet Gynecol 2007;109:1179-1180.
    • (2007) Obstet Gynecol , vol.109 , pp. 1179-1180
    • Tracy, E.E.1
  • 126
    • 20144389889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical aspects of sexual medicine
    • Wagner G, Bondil P, Dabees K, et al. Ethical aspects of sexual medicine. J Sex Med 2005;2:163-168.
    • (2005) J Sex Med , vol.2 , pp. 163-168
    • Wagner, G.1    Bondil, P.2    Dabees, K.3
  • 127
    • 77649089503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New women, old messages? Constructions of femininities, race and hypersexualised bodies in selected South African magazines 2003-2006
    • Sanger N. New women, old messages? Constructions of femininities, race and hypersexualised bodies in selected South African magazines, 2003-2006. Soc Dynamics 2009; 35:137-148.
    • (2009) Soc Dynamics , vol.35 , pp. 137-148
    • Sanger, N.1
  • 129
    • 77954248421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controversy stirs as British Medical Journal criticizes "designer vagina."
    • Accessed February 13
    • Controversy stirs as British Medical Journal criticizes "designer vagina." Newswire Today, 2007. Available at www.newswiretoday.com=news= 19616 Accessed February 13, 2008.
    • (2007) Newswire Today , vol.2008
  • 130
    • 34247654490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local rites and body politics: Tensions between cultural diversity and human rights
    • Manderson L. Local rites and body politics: Tensions between cultural diversity and human rights. Int Feminist J Polit 2004;6:285-307.
    • (2004) Int Feminist J Polit , vol.6 , pp. 285-307
    • Manderson, L.1
  • 132
    • 51649127015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of external genitalia in pre-and postmenopausal women
    • Basaran M, Kosif R, Bayar U, Civelek B. Characteristics of external genitalia in pre-and postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2008;11:416-421.
    • (2008) Climacteric , vol.11 , pp. 416-421
    • Basaran, M.1    Kosif, R.2    Bayar, U.3    Civelek, B.4
  • 134
    • 77954254594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Give'em some lip: Labia that clearly ain't minor
    • Corinna H. Give'em some lip: Labia that clearly ain't minor. Scarleteen. Available at www.scarleteen.com= article=advice=giveem-some-lip
    • Scarleteen
    • Corinna, H.1
  • 135
    • 0343825484 scopus 로고
    • Anxious slippages between "us" and "them": A brief history of the scientific search for homosexual bodies
    • Terry J, Urla J, eds Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press
    • Terry J. Anxious slippages between "us" and "them": A brief history of the scientific search for homosexual bodies. In: Terry J, Urla J, eds. Deviant bodies: Critical perspectives on difference in science and popular culture. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1995:129-169.
    • (1995) Deviant Bodies: Critical Perspectives on Difference in Science and Popular Culture , pp. 129-169
    • Terry, J.1
  • 136
    • 70350482821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific racism and the invention of the homosexual body
    • Lancaster RN, di Leonardo M, eds New York: Routledge
    • Somerville S. Scientific racism and the invention of the homosexual body. In: Lancaster RN, di Leonardo M, eds. The gender=sexuality reader: Culture, history, political economy. New York: Routledge, 1997:37-52.
    • (1997) The Gender=sexuality Reader: Culture, History, Political Economy , pp. 37-52
    • Somerville, S.1
  • 138
    • 0005493528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From sexual denigration to self-respect: Resisting images of black female sexuality
    • Jarrett-Macauley D, ed London: Routledge
    • Marshall A. From sexual denigration to self-respect: Resisting images of black female sexuality. In: Jarrett-Macauley D, ed. Reconstructing womanhood, reconstructing feminism: Writings by black women. London: Routledge, 1996:5-35.
    • (1996) Reconstructing Womanhood, Reconstructing Feminism: Writings by Black Women , pp. 5-35
    • Marshall, A.1
  • 141
    • 77954264136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Los Angeles Times Accessed February 12
    • Nuzzo R. Female orgasms and a "rule of thumb." Los Angeles Times, 2008. Available at www.latimes.com= features=health=la-hew- ordistance11feb11,0,2763149.story Accessed February 12, 2008.
    • (2008) Female Orgasms and A "rule of Thumb." , pp. 2008
    • Nuzzo, R.1
  • 143
  • 145
    • 69349098224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Los Angeles: Demiurgis Publications
    • Matlock DL. Sex by design. Los Angeles: Demiurgis Publications, 2004.
    • (2004) Sex by Design
    • Matlock, D.L.1
  • 146
    • 0029432287 scopus 로고
    • Vagina dentata revisited: Gender and asymptomatic shedding of genital herpes
    • Pliskin KL. Vagina dentata revisited: Gender and asymptomatic shedding of genital herpes. Cult Med Psychiatry 1995;19:479-501.
    • (1995) Cult Med Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 479-501
    • Pliskin, K.L.1
  • 151
    • 84900176917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York Observer October 26
    • Gurley G. My vagina monologue. New York Observer 2003;October 26:2.
    • (2003) My Vagina Monologue , pp. 2
    • Gurley, G.1
  • 153
    • 66749163216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmetic therapies in obstetrics and gyneco-logy practice: Putting a toe in the water? [Editorial]
    • Laube DW. Cosmetic therapies in obstetrics and gyneco-logy practice: Putting a toe in the water? [Editorial]. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111:1034-1036.
    • (2008) Obstet Gynecol , vol.111 , pp. 1034-1036
    • Laube, D.W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.