Hyperthermia deaths among children in parked vehicles: An analysis of 231 fatalities in the United States, 1999-2007

Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 99-105

  Booth III, John N ^a,c   Davis, Gregory G ^b   Waterbor, John ^a   McGwin Jr , Gerald ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^b Jefferson County Coroner Medical Examiner   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Child death; Child hyperthermia; Hyperthermia; Hyperthermia death; Hyperthermia fatalities; Vehicle related child hyperthermia

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; BODY TEMPERATURE; CAR; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE; FACTUAL DATABASE; FEMALE; FEVER; FORENSIC MEDICINE; HUMAN; INFANT; MALE; MORTALITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RECREATION; SEX RATIO; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AUTOMOBILES; BODY TEMPERATURE; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DATABASES, FACTUAL; FEMALE; FEVER; FORENSIC MEDICINE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; PLAY AND PLAYTHINGS; SEX DISTRIBUTION; UNITED STATES;

EID: 77954176168     PISSN: 1547769X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12024-010-9149-x     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Accidental deaths of children in US decline. In: Reuters foundation AlertNet: alerting humanitarians to emergencies. 2008. http://www. alertnet. org/thenews/newsdesk/N28500260. htm. Accessed 6 May 2008.
2. WISQARS leading causes of death report, 1999-2005. In: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. 2008. http://webappa. cdc. gov/sasweb/ncipc/leadcaus10. html. Accessed 6 May 2008.
3. Null J. Hyperthermia deaths of children in vehicles. San Francisco State University, Department of Geosciences and Golden Gate Weather Services. 2007. http://ggweather. com/heat/. Accessed 15 Dec 2007.
4. McLaren C, Null J, Quinn J. Heat stress from enclosed vehicles: moderate ambient temperatures cause significant temperature rise in enclosed vehicles. Pediatrics. 2005; 116: 109-12.
5. Surpure JS. The automobile and heat stress. Annu Emerg Med. 1982; 11: 263-5.
6. Roberts KB, Roberts EC. The automobile and heat stress. Pediatrics. 1976; 58: 101-4.
7. Gibbs LI, Lawrence DW, Kohn MA. Heat exposure in an enclosed automobile. J La State Med Soc. 1995; 147: 545-6.
8. Guard A, Gallagher SS. Heat related deaths to young children in parked cars: an analysis of 171 fatalities in the United States, 1995-2002. Inj Prev. 2005; 11: 33-7.
9. Sheridan SC. A survey of public perception and response to heat warnings across four North American cities: an evaluation of municipal effectiveness. Int J Biometeorol. 2007; 52: 3-15.
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed mortality file 1999-2004. CDC WONDER On-line Database, compiled from Compressed Mortality File 1999-2004 Series 20 No. 2J. 2007. http://wonder. cdc. gov/cmf-icd10. html. Accessed 5 Nov 2007.
11. National Centers for Health Statistics definitions: geographic region and division. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2008. http://www. cdc. gov/nchs/datawh/nchsdefs/region. htm. Accessed 6 May 2008.
12. Climate atlas of the United States [CD ROM]. National Climatic Data Center: US Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2006. http://lwf. ncdc. noaa. gov/oa/about/cdrom/climatls2/info/atlasad. html. Accessed 6 May 2008.
13. Kalkstein LS, Jamason PF, Greene JS, Libby J, Robinson L. The Philadelphia hot weather health watch/warning system: development and application, summer 2005. B Am Meterorol Soc. 1996; 77: 1519-28.
14. National SAFE KIDS Campaign (NSKC). Childhood injury fact sheet. Washington (DC): NSKC; 2004.
15. Collins JM. Crime and parenthood: the uneasy case for prosecution of negligent parents. Legal Studies Paper No. 05-08. NC: Wake Forest University Press. 2005. http://ssrn. com/abstract=673451. Accessed 15 Dec 2007.
16. Pleck JH. Paternal involvement: levels, sources, and consequences. In: Lamb ME, editor. The role of the father in child development. Hillsdale: Erlbaum; 1997.
17. MacKinnon CE, King D. Day care: a review of literature, implications for policy, and critique of resources. Fam Relat. 1998; 37: 229-36.
18. Heat-related deaths-United States, 1999-2003. Morbidity and mortality weekly report (MMWR). 2006; 55(29). http://www. cdc. gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5529a2. htm. Accessed 4 May 2008.
19. Whitman S, Good G, Donoghue ER, Benbow N, Shou W, Mou S. Mortality in Chicago attributed to the July 1995 heat wave. Am J of Public Health. 1997; 87: 1515-8.
20. Earl J, Martin A, McCarthy JD, Soule SA. The use of newspaper data in the study of collective action. Annu Rev Sociol. 2004; 30: 65-80.
21. Haider AH, Risucci D, Omer S, Sullivan T, DiRusso S, Slim M, et al. Determination of national pediatric injury prevention priorities using the injury prevention priority score. J Pediatr Surg. 2004; 39: 976-8.