Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer: Individualizing locoregional and systemic therapy

Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 607-626

  Bear, Harry D ^a  

^a VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Breast cancer; Breast conservation surgery; Chemotherapy; Neoadjuvant; Sentinel lymph nodes

Indexed keywords

ANTHRACYCLINE DERIVATIVE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; AROMATASE INHIBITOR; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DOXORUBICIN; LAPATINIB; TAMOXIFEN; TAXANE DERIVATIVE; TRASTUZUMAB;

BREAST CANCER; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER HORMONE THERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RESISTANCE; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DRUG RESPONSE; HUMAN; LYMPH NODE DISSECTION; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MASTECTOMY; MONOTHERAPY; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; PARTIAL MASTECTOMY; REVIEW; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; ADJUVANT THERAPY; BREAST TUMOR; FEMALE; PERSONALIZED MEDICINE;

ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALIZED MEDICINE; NEOADJUVANT THERAPY;

EID: 77954168425     PISSN: 10553207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2010.04.001     Document Type: Review

References (107)

1. Singletary S.E., Allred C., Ashley P., et al. Breast. AJCC cancer staging manual 2002, 221-240. Springer, New York. 6th edition. F.L. Greene, D.L. Page, I.D. Fleming (Eds.).
2. Fisher B., Brown A., Mamounas E., et al. Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on local-regional disease in women with operable breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-18. J Clin Oncol 1997, 15(7):2483-2493.
3. Fisher B., Bryant J., Wolmark N., et al. Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the outcome of women with operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1998, 16(8):2672-2685.
4. Gianni L., Baselga J., Eiermann W., et al. Phase III trial evaluating the addition of paclitaxel to doxorubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil, as adjuvant or primary systemic therapy: European Cooperative Trial in Operable Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27(15):2474-2481.
5. Boughey J.C., Peintinger F., Meric-Bernstam F., et al. Impact of preoperative versus postoperative chemotherapy on the extent and number of surgical procedures in patients treated in randomized clinical trials for breast cancer. Ann Surg 2006, 244(3):464-470.
6. Christy C.J., Thorsteinsson D., Grube B.J., et al. Preoperative chemotherapy decreases the need for re-excision of breast cancers between 2 and 4 cm diameter. Ann Surg Oncol 2009, 16(3):697-702.
7. Rastogi P., Anderson S.J., Bear H.D., et al. Preoperative chemotherapy: updates of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocols B-18 and B-27. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26(5):778-785.
8. Symmans W.F., Peintinger F., Hatzis C., et al. Measurement of residual breast cancer burden to predict survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2007, 25(28):4414-4422.
9. Hennessy B.T., Hortobagyi G.N., Rouzier R., et al. Outcome after pathologic complete eradication of cytologically proven breast cancer axillary node metastases following primary chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23(36):9304-9311.
10. Kuerer H.M., Newman L.A., Smith T.L., et al. Clinical course of breast cancer patients with complete pathologic primary tumor and axillary lymph node response to doxorubicin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1999, 17(2):460-469.
11. von Minckwitz G., Kummel S., Vogel P., et al. Neoadjuvant vinorelbine-capecitabine versus docetaxel-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide in early nonresponsive breast cancer: phase III randomized GeparTrio trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008, 100(8):542-551.
12. Bear H.D., Anderson S., Brown A., et al. The effect on tumor response of adding sequential preoperative docetaxel (Taxotere) to preoperative doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC): preliminary results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Protocol B-27. J Clin Oncol 2003, 21(22):4165-4174.
13. Tan M.C., Al M.F., Gao F., et al. Predictors of complete pathological response after neoadjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer. Am J Surg 2009, 198(4):520-525.
14. Colleoni M., Viale G., Zahrieh D., et al. Chemotherapy is more effective in patients with breast cancer not expressing steroid hormone receptors: a study of preoperative treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2004, 10(19):6622-6628.
15. Bear H.D., Anderson S., Smith R.E., et al. Sequential preoperative or postoperative docetaxel added to preoperative doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide for operable breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-27. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24(13):2019-2027.
16. Stearns V., Sing B., Tsangaris T., et al. A prospective randomized pilot study to evaluate predictors of response in serial core biopsies to single agent neoadjuvant doxorubicin or paclitaxel for patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2003, 9:124-133.
17. Gianni L., Baselga J., Eiermann W., et al. Feasibility and tolerability of sequential doxorubicin/paclitaxel followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil and its effects on tumor response as preoperative therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2005, 11(24 Pt 1):8715-8721.
18. Chen A.M., Meric-Bernstam F., Hunt K.K., et al. Breast conservation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A prognostic index for clinical decision-making. Cancer 2005, 103(4):689-695.
19. Guarneri V., Broglio K., Kau S.W., et al. Prognostic value of pathologic complete response after primary chemotherapy in relation to hormone receptor status and other factors. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24(7):1037-1044.
20. Wenzel C., Bartsch R., Hussian D., et al. Invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma of breast differ in response following neoadjuvant therapy with epidoxorubicin and docetaxel + G-CSF. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007, 104(1):109-114.
21. Cristofanilli M., Gonzalez-Angulo A., Sneige N., et al. Invasive lobular carcinoma classic type: response to primary chemotherapy and survival outcomes. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23(1):41-48.
22. Mathieu M.C., Rouzier R., Llombart-Cussac A., et al. The poor responsiveness of infiltrating lobular breast carcinomas to neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be explained by their biological profile. Eur J Cancer 2004, 40(3):342-351.
23. Boughey J.C., Wagner J., Garrett B.J., et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive lobular carcinoma may not improve rates of breast conservation. Ann Surg Oncol 2009, 16(6):1606-1611.
24. Julian T.B., Anderson S., Fourchotte V., et al. Is invasive lobular cancer a prognostic factor for neoadjuvant chemotherapy response and long term outcomes?. Ann Surg Oncol 2007, 14(Suppl):17. [abstract].
25. Sullivan P.S., Apple S.K. Should histologic type be taken into account when considering neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast carcinoma?. Breast J 2009, 15(2):146-154.
26. Bharat A., Gao F., Margenthaler J.A. Tumor characteristics and patient outcomes are similar between invasive lobular and mixed invasive ductal/lobular breast cancers but differ from pure invasive ductal breast cancers. Am J Surg 2009, 198(4):516-519.
27. Rouzier R., Pusztai L., Delaloge S., et al. Nomograms to predict pathologic complete response and metastasis-free survival after preoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23(33):8331-8339.
28. Gianni L., Zambetti M., Clark K., et al. Gene expression profiles in paraffin-embedded core biopsy tissue predict response to chemotherapy in women with locally advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23(29):7265-7277.
29. Chang J.C., Makris A., Gutierrez M.C., et al. Gene expression patterns in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded core biopsies predict docetaxel chemosensitivity in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008, 108(2):233-240.
30. Parker J.S., Mullins M., Cheang M.C., et al. Supervised risk predictor of breast cancer based on intrinsic subtypes. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27(8):1160-1167.
31. Iwao-Koizumi K., Matoba R., Ueno N., et al. Prediction of docetaxel response in human breast cancer by gene expression profiling. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23(3):422-431.
32. Liedtke C., Hatzis C., Symmans W.F., et al. Genomic grade index is associated with response to chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27(19):3185-3191.
33. Esserman L.J., Perou C., Cheang M., et al. Breast cancer molecular profiles and tumor response of neoadjuvant doxorubicin and paclitaxel: the I-SPY TRIAL (CALGB 15007/150012, ACRIN 6657). J Clin Oncol 2009, 27(18S, Part II):797s. [abstract].
34. Straver M.E., Glas A.M., Hannemann J., et al. The 70-gene signature as a response predictor for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009, 119(3):551-558.
35. Parker J.S., Prat A., Cheang M.C.U., et al. Breast cancer molecular subtypes predict response to anthracycline/taxane-based chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2009, 69(24):598s. [abstract].
36. Mathew J., Asgeirsson K.S., Jackson L.R., et al. Neoadjuvant endocrine treatment in primary breast cancer - review of literature. Breast 2009, 18(6):339-344.
37. Mamounas E.P. Facilitating breast-conserving surgery and preventing recurrence: aromatase inhibitors in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. Ann Surg Oncol 2008, 15(3):691-703.
38. Ellis M., Ma C. Femara and the future: tailoring treatment and combination therapies with Femara. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007, 105(Suppl 1):105-115.
39. Smith I.E., Dowsett M., Ebbs S.R., et al. Neoadjuvant treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer with anastrozole, tamoxifen, or both in combination: the Immediate Preoperative Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, or Combined with Tamoxifen (IMPACT) multicenter double-blind randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23(22):5108-5116.
40. Cataliotti L., Buzdar A.U., Noguchi S., et al. Comparison of anastrozole versus tamoxifen as preoperative therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: the Pre-Operative " Arimidex" Compared to Tamoxifen (PROACT) trial. Cancer 2006, 106(10):2095-2103.
41. Semiglazov V.F., Semiglazov V.V., Dashyan G.A., et al. Phase 2 randomized trial of primary endocrine therapy versus chemotherapy in postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Cancer 2007, 110(2):244-254.
42. Olson J.A., Budd G.T., Carey L.A., et al. Improved surgical outcomes for breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy: results from a multicenter phase II trial. J Am Coll Surg 2009, 208(5):906-914.
43. Dowsett M., Smith I.E., Ebbs S.R., et al. Prognostic value of Ki67 expression after short-term presurgical endocrine therapy for primary breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007, 99(2):167-170.
44. Segara D., Krop I.E., Garber J.E., et al. Does MRI predict pathologic tumor response in women with breast cancer undergoing preoperative chemotherapy?. J Surg Oncol 2007, 96(6):474-480.
45. Martincich L., Montemurro F., De R.G., et al. Monitoring response to primary chemotherapy in breast cancer using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004, 83(1):67-76.
46. Martincich L., Montemurro F., Cirillo S., et al. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the prediction of tumor response in patients with locally advanced breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemo-therapy. Radiol Med 2003, 106(1-2):51-58.
47. Hylton N. MR imaging for assessment of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2006, 14(3):383-389. vii.
48. Bodini M., Berruti A., Bottini A., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in comparison to clinical palpation in assessing the response of breast cancer to epirubicin primary chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004, 85(3):211-218.
49. Esserman L., Kaplan E., Partridge S., et al. MRI phenotype is associated with response to doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage III breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2001, 8(6):549-559.
50. Craciunescu O.I., Blackwell K.L., Jones E.L., et al. DCE-MRI parameters have potential to predict response of locally advanced breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and hyperthermia: a pilot study. Int J Hyperthermia 2009, 25(6):405-415.
51. Oh J.L., Nguyen G., Whitman G.J., et al. Placement of radiopaque clips for tumor localization in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and breast conservation therapy. Cancer 2007, 110(11):2420-2427.
52. Lannin D.R., Grube B., Black D.S., et al. Breast tattoos for planning surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Am J Surg 2007, 194(4):518-520.
53. Kaufmann M., von Minckwitz G., Bear H.D., et al. Recommendations from an international expert panel on the use of neoadjuvant (primary) systemic treatment of operable breast cancer: new perspectives 2006. Ann Oncol 2007, 18(12):1927-1934.
54. Smith I.C., Heys S.D., Hutcheon A.W., et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: significantly enhanced response with docetaxel. J Clin Oncol 2002, 20(6):1456-1466.
55. Nowak A.K., Wilcken N.R., Stockler M.R., et al. Systematic review of taxane-containing versus non-taxane-containing regimens for adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment of early breast cancer. Lancet Oncol 2004, 5(6):372-380.
56. Cuppone F., Bria E., Carlini P., et al. Taxanes as primary chemotherapy for early breast cancer: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Cancer 2008, 113(2):238-246.
57. Bria E., Nistico C., Cuppone F., et al. Benefit of taxanes as adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer: pooled analysis of 15,500 patients. Cancer 2006, 106(11):2337-2344.
58. Han S., Kim J., Lee J., et al. Comparison of 6 cycles versus 4 cycles of neoadjuvant epirubicin plus docetaxel chemotherapy in stages II and III breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2009, 35(6):583-587.
59. Steger G.G., Galid A., Gnant M., et al. Pathologic complete response with six compared with three cycles of neoadjuvant epirubicin plus docetaxel and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in operable breast cancer: results of ABCSG-14. J Clin Oncol 2007, 25(15):2012-2018.
60. von Minckwitz G., Kummel S., Vogel P., et al. Intensified neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early-responding breast cancer: phase III randomized GeparTrio study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008, 100(8):552-562.
61. Winer E.P. The evolving role of adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2009, 69(24):484s. [abstract].
62. Miglietta L., Vanella P., Canobbio L., et al. Clinical and pathological response to primary chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer grouped according to hormonal receptors, Her2 status, grading and Ki-67 proliferation index. Anticancer Res 2009, 29(5):1621-1625.
63. Goldstein N.S., Decker D., Severson D., et al. Molecular classification system identifies invasive breast carcinoma patients who are most likely and those who are least likely to achieve a complete pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer 2007, 110(8):1687-1696.
64. Wang J., Buchholz T.A., Middleton L.P., et al. Assessment of histologic features and expression of biomarkers in predicting pathologic response to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. Cancer 2002, 94(12):3107-3114.
65. Hayes D.F., Thor A.D., Dressler L.G., et al. HER2 and response to paclitaxel in node-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2007, 357(15):1496-1506.
66. Buzdar A.U., Ibrahim N.K., Francis D., et al. Significantly higher pathologic complete remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy with trastuzumab, paclitaxel, and epirubicin chemotherapy: results of a randomized trial in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23(16):3676-3685.
67. Buzdar A.U., Valero V., Ibrahim N.K., et al. Neoadjuvant therapy with paclitaxel followed by 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy and concurrent trastuzumab in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive operable breast cancer: an update of the initial randomized study population and data of additional patients treated with the same regimen. Clin Cancer Res 2007, 13(1):228-233.
68. Buzdar A.U., Valero V., Ibrahim N., et al. Prospective data of additional patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy with paclitaxel followed by FEC chemotherapy with trastuzumab in HER-2 positive operable breast cancer, and an update of initial study population. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005, 94(S1):S223. [abstract].
69. Byrski T., Gronwald J., Huzarski T., et al. Pathologic complete response rates in young women with BRCA1-positive breast cancers after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2010, 28(3):375-379.
70. Johansen R., Jensen L.R., Rydland J., et al. Predicting survival and early clinical response to primary chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced breast cancer using DCE-MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009, 29(6):1300-1307.
71. Bahri S., Chen J.H., Mehta R.S., et al. Residual breast cancer diagnosed by MRI in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy with and without bevacizumab. Ann Surg Oncol 2009, 16(6):1619-1628.
72. Chen J.H., Feig B.A., Hsiang D.J., et al. Impact of MRI-evaluated neoadjuvant chemotherapy response on change of surgical recommendation in breast cancer. Ann Surg 2009, 249(3):448-454.
73. Fisher B., Brown A., Mamounas E., et al. Effect of preoperative therapy for primary breast cancer (BC) on local-regional disease, disease-free survival (DFS) and survival (S): results from NSABP B-18. Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 1997, 16:127. [abstract].
74. Mauri D., Pavlidis N., Ioannidis J.P. Neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic treatment in breast cancer: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005, 97(3):188-194.
75. Mauriac L., MacGrogan G., Avril A., et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast carcinoma larger than 3 cm: a unicentre randomized trial with a 124-month median follow-up. Institut Bergonie Bordeaux Groupe Sein (IBBGS). Ann Oncol 1999, 10(1):47-52.
76. Lyman G.H., Giuliano A.E., Somerfield M.R., et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline recommendations for sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23(30):7703-7720.
77. Carlson R.W., Allred D.C., Anderson B.O., et al. Breast cancer. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2009, 7(2):122-192.
78. Khan A., Sabel M.S., Nees A., et al. Comprehensive axillary evaluation in neoadjuvant chemotherapy patients with ultrasonography and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol 2005, 12(9):697-704.
79. Kilbride K.E., Lee M.C., Nees A.V., et al. Axillary staging prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: predictors of recurrence. Ann Surg Oncol 2008, 15(11):3252-3258.
80. Nason K.S., Anderson B.O., Byrd D.R., et al. Increased false negative sentinel node biopsy rates after preoperative chemotherapy for invasive breast carcinoma. Cancer 2000, 89(11):2187-2194.
81. van Deurzen C.H., Vriens B.E., Tjan-Heijnen V.C., et al. Accuracy of sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: a systematic review. Eur J Cancer 2009, 45(18):3124-3130.
82. Menard J.P., Extra J.M., Jacquemier J., et al. Sentinel lymphadenectomy for the staging of clinical axillary node-negative breast cancer before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2009, 35(9):916-920.
83. Iwase H., Yamamoto Y., Kawasoe T., et al. Advantage of sentinel lymph node biopsy before neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer treatment. Surg Today 2009, 39(5):374-380.
84. van Rijk M.C., Nieweg O.E., Rutgers E.J., et al. Sentinel node biopsy before neoadjuvant chemotherapy spares breast cancer patients axillary lymph node dissection. Ann Surg Oncol 2006, 13(4):475-479.
85. Cox C.E., Cox J.M., White L.B., et al. Sentinel node biopsy before neoadjuvant chemotherapy for determining axillary status and treatment prognosis in locally advanced breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2006, 13(4):483-490.
86. Jones J.L., Zabicki K., Christian R.L., et al. A comparison of sentinel node biopsy before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: timing is important. Am J Surg 2005, 190(4):517-520.
87. Schrenk P., Hochreiner G., Fridrik M., et al. Sentinel node biopsy performed before preoperative chemotherapy for axillary lymph node staging in breast cancer. Breast J 2003, 9(4):282-287.
88. Shen J., Gilcrease M.Z., Babiera G.V., et al. Feasibility and accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy after preoperative chemotherapy in breast cancer patients with documented axillary metastases. Cancer 2007, 109(7):1255-1263.
89. Dominici L.S., Negron Gonzalez V.M., Buzdar A.U., et al. Eradication of axillary lymph node metastases occurs in 74% of patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy with concurrent trastuzumab for HER2 positive breast cancer. Cancer Res 2009, 69(24):566s. [abstract].
90. Mamounas E.P., Brown A., Anderson S., et al. Sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-27. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23(12):2694-2702.
91. Gimbergues P., Abrial C., Durando X., et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is accurate in breast cancer patients with a clinically negative axillary nodal status at presentation. Ann Surg Oncol 2008, 15(5):1316-1321.
92. Hunt K.K., Yi M., Mittendorf E.A., et al. Sentinel lymph node surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is accurate and reduces the need for axillary dissection in breast cancer patients. Ann Surg 2009, 250(4):558-566.
93. Newman E.A., Sabel M.S., Nees A.V., et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy performed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is accurate in patients with documented node-positive breast cancer at presentation. Ann Surg Oncol 2007, 14(10):2946-2952.
94. Xing Y., Foy M., Cox D.D., et al. Meta-analysis of sentinel lymph node biopsy after preoperative chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. Br J Surg 2006, 93(5):539-546.
95. Kelly A.M., Dwamena B., Cronin P., et al. Breast cancer sentinel node identification and classification after neoadjuvant chemotherapy-systematic review and meta analysis. Acad Radiol 2009, 16(5):551-563.
96. Classe J.M., Bordes V., Campion L., et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer: results of Ganglion Sentinelle et Chimiotherapie Neoadjuvante, a French prospective multicentric study. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27(5):726-732.
97. Tausch C., Konstantiniuk P., Kugler F., et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy after preoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer: findings from the Austrian Sentinel Node Study Group. Ann Surg Oncol 2008, 15(12):3378-3383.
98. Goldman B. Cancer vaccines: finding the best way to train the immune system. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002, 94(20):1523-1526.
99. Buchholz T.A., Lehman C.D., Harris J.R., et al. Statement of the science concerning locoregional treatments after preoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer: a National Cancer Institute conference. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26(5):791-797.
100. Huang E.H., Strom E.A., Perkins G.H., et al. Comparison of risk of local-regional recurrence after mastectomy or breast conservation therapy for patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation stratified according to a prognostic index score. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006, 66(2):352-357.
101. McGuire S.E., Gonzalez-Angulo A.M., Huang E.H., et al. Postmastectomy radiation improves the outcome of patients with locally advanced breast cancer who achieve a pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007, 68(4):1004-1009.
102. Garg A.K., Strom E.A., McNeese M.D., et al. T3 disease at presentation or pathologic involvement of four or more lymph nodes predict for locoregional recurrence in stage II breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and mastectomy without radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004, 59(1):138-145.
103. Krag D., Weaver D., Ashikaga T., et al. The sentinel node in breast cancer - a multicenter validation study. N Engl J Med 1998, 339(14):941-946.
104. Veronesi U., Paganelli G., Viale G., et al. A randomized comparison of sentinel-node biopsy with routine axillary dissection in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2003, 349(6):546-553.
105. McMasters K.M., Tuttle T.M., Carlson D.J., et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer: a suitable alternative to routine axillary dissection in multi-institutional practice when optimal technique is used. J Clin Oncol 2000, 18(13):2560-2566.
106. Tafra L., Lannin D.R., Swanson M.S., et al. Multicenter trial of sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer using both technetium sulfur colloid and isosulfan blue dye. Ann Surg 2001, 233(1):51-59.
107. Krag D.N., Anderson S.J., Julian T.B., et al. Technical outcomes of sentinel-lymph-node resection and conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer: results from the NSABP B-32 randomised phase III trial. Lancet Oncol 2007, 8(10):881-888.