Cognitive skills, adolescent violence, and the moderating role of neighborhood disadvantage

Justice Quarterly

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 538-559

  Bellair, Paul E ^a   McNulty, Thomas L ^b  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Achievement; Cognitive skills; Hierarchical linear modeling; Neighborhood disadvantage; Violence

Indexed keywords

EID: 77954162417     PISSN: 07418825     EISSN: 17459109     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07418820903130823     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Akers, R. L. (1998). Social learning and social structure: A general theory of crime and deviance. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
2. Anderson, E. (1999). Code of the street: Decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city. New York: W. W. Norton.
3. Bellair, P. E., & McNulty, T. L. (2005). Beyond the bell-curve: Community disadvantage and the explanation of black-white differences in adolescent violence. Criminology, 43 (4), 1135-1168.
4. Bilchik, S. (1998). Serious and violent juvenile offenders. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
5. Bohman, M. (1996). Predisposition to criminality: Swedish adoption studies in retrospect. In G. R. Bock & J. A. Goode (Eds.), Genetics of criminal and antisocial behavior (pp. 99-114). Chichester: Wiley.
6. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32, 513-531.
7. Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G. J., & Aber, J. L. (1997). Neighborhood Poverty (Vol. 1). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
8. Cadoret, R. J., Yates, W. R., Troughton, E., Woodworth, G., & Stewart, M. (1995). Genetic-environmental interaction in the genesis of aggressivity and conduct disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 916-924.
9. Caspi, A. (1997). Personality development across the life course. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development (Vol. 3) (pp. 311-388). New York: Wiley.
10. Cullen, F. T., Gendreau, P., Jarjoura, G. R., & Wright, J. P. (1997). Crime and the bell-curve: Lessons for intelligent criminology. Crime and Delinquency, 43, 387-411.
11. Denno, D. J. (1989). Biology, crime, and violence: New evidence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12. Dunne, M. P., Martin, N. G., Statham, D. J., Slutske, W. S., Dinwiddie, S. H., Bucholz, K. K., et al. (1997). Genetic and environmental contributions to variance in age at first sexual intercourse. Psychological Science, 8, 211-216.
13. Elliot, D., Wilson, W. J., Huizinga, D., Sampson, R. J., Elliot, A., & Rankin, B. (1996). The effect of neighborhood disadvantage on adolescent development. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 33, 389-426.
14. Ellis, L., & Walsh, A. (2003). Crime, delinquency, and intelligence: A review of the worldwide literature. In The scientific study of general intelligence (pp. 343-365). Elsevier: New York.
15. Farrington, D. P., & Loeber, R. (1999). Transatlantic replicability of risk factors in the development of delinquency. In P. Cohen, C. Slomkowski & L. N. Robbins (Eds.), Historical and geographical influences on psychopathology (pp. 299-329). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
16. Fischer, C. S., Hout, M., Jankowski, M. S., Lucas, S. R., Swidler, A., & Voss, K. (1996). Inequality by design: Cracking the myth of the bell curve. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
17. Fisher, J. E., & Mason, R. L. (1981). The analysis of multicollinear data in criminology. In J. A. Fox (Ed.), Methods in quantitative criminology (pp. 99-125). New York: Academic Press.
18. Gephart, M. (1997). Neighborhoods and communities as contexts for development. In G. J. Duncan & J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.), Consequences of growing up poor (pp. 1-43). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
19. Gordon, R. A. (1987). SES versus IQ in the race-IQ-delinquency model. International Journal of Sociology, 7, 30-96.
20. Gottfredson, D. C., McNeil, III. R. J., & Gottfredson, G. (1991). Social area influences on delinquency: A multi-level analysis. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 28, 197-226.
21. Guo, G., & Stearns, E. (2002). The social influences on the realization of genetic potential for intellectual development. Social Forces, 80, 881-910.
22. Hannon, L. (2003). Poverty, delinquency, and educational attainment: Cumulative disadvantage or disadvantage saturation? Sociological Inquiry, 73, 575-594.
23. Heath, A. C., Berg, K., Eaves, L. J., Solaas, M. H., Corey, L. A., Sundet, J., et al. (1985). Educational policy and the heritability of educational attainment. Nature, 314, 734-736.
24. Herrnstein, R. J., & Murray, C. (1994). The bell curve: Intelligence and class structure in American life. New York: The Free Press.
25. Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
26. Hirschi, T., & Hindelang, M. J. (1977). Intelligence and delinquency: A revisionist review. American Sociological Review, 42, 571-587.
27. Ingersoll, G. M., Scamman, J. P., & Eckerling, W. D. (1989). Geographic mobility and student achievement in an urban setting. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11, 143-149.
28. Jencks, C., & Phillips, M. (1998). The black-white test score gap. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institute.
29. Jinn, J. H., & Sedransk, J. (1989). Effects on secondary data analysis of common imputation methods. In C. Clogg (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp. 213-241). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
30. Koenig, K. A., Frey, M. C., & Detterman, D. K. (2008). ACT and general cognitive ability. Intelligence, 36, 153-160.
31. Kotlowitz, A. (1991). There are no children here: The story of two children growing up in the other America. New York: Doubleday.
32. Kozol, Jonathan. (1991). Savage inequalities: Children in American schools. New York: Crown.
33. Krivo, L., & Peterson, R. (1996). Extremely disadvantaged neighborhoods and urban crime. Social Forces, 75, 619-648.
34. Leventhal, T., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2000). The neighborhoods they live in: The effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes. Psychological Bulletin, 126: 309-337.
35. Lewin, K. (1939). The field theory approach to adolescence. American Journal of Sociology, 44, 868-897.
36. Lilly, J. R., Cullen, F. T., & Ball, R. A. (2002). Criminological theory: Context and consequences (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
37. Lynam, D. R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Wikstrom, P.-O. H., Loeber, R., & Novak, S. (2000). The interaction between impulsivity and neighborhood context on offending: The effects of impulsivity are stronger in poorer neighborhoods. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 563-574.
38. Lynam, D. R., Moffitt, T. E., & Southamer-Loeber, M. (1993). Explaining the relation between IQ and delinquency: Class, race, test motivation, school failure, or self-control? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 187-196.
39. Magnusson, D. (1988). Individual development from an interactional perspective: A longitudinal study. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
40. McGloin, J. M., Pratt, T. C., & Maahs, J. (2004). Rethinking the IQ-delinquency relationship: A longitudinal analysis of multiple theoretical models. Justice Quarterly, 21 (3), 603-631.
41. McLanahan, S., & Sandefur, G. (1994). Growing up with a single parent: What hurts, what helps. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
42. McNulty, T. L., & Bellair, P. E. (2003). Explaining racial and ethnic differences in adolescent violence: structural disadvantage, family well-being, and social capital. Justice Quarterly, 20, 1-32.
43. Mednick, S. A. (1977). A bio-social theory of the learning of law-abiding behavior. In S.A. Mednick and K.O. Christiansen (Eds.), Biosocial Bases of Criminal Behavior. New York: Gardner Press.
44. Mednick, S. A., Gabrielli, W. F., Jr., & Hutchings, B. (1984). Genetic influences in criminal convictions: evidence from an adoption cohort. Science, 224, 891-894.
45. Merton, R. K. (1973). The sociology of science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
46. Mischel, W. (1977). The interaction of person and situation. In D. Magnusson & N. S. Endler (Eds.), Personality at the crossroads: Current issues in interactional psychology (pp. 333-352). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
47. Moffitt, T. E. (1990). The neuropsychology of delinquency: A critical review. In M. Tonry & N. Morris (Eds.), Crime and justice: A review of research (pp. 99-169). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
48. Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescent-limited and life-course-persistent anti-social behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100, 674-701.
49. Pattillo, M. (2005). Black middle-class neighborhoods. Annual Review of Sociology, 31, 305-329.
50. Peeples, F., & Loeber, R. (1994). Do individual factors and neighborhood context explain ethnic differences in juvenile delinquency. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10, 141-157.
51. Raine, A. (1988). Antisocial behavior and social psychophysiology. In H. L. Wagner (Ed.), Social psychophysiology and emotion: Theory and clinical applications (pp. 231-250). New York: Wiley.
52. Raine, A. (2000). Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults: A review. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 311-326.
53. Raine, A., & Venables, P. H. (1981). Classical conditioning and socialization: A biosocial interaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 2, 273-283.
54. Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
55. Reiss, A. J., Jr., & Rhodes, A. L. (1961). The distribution of juvenile delinquency in the social class structure. American Sociological Review, 26, 720-732.
56. Roberts, R. D., Anjoul, G. N., Kyllonen, P. C., Pallier, G., & Stankov, L. (2000). The armed services vocational aptitude battery: Little more than acculturated learning (Gc)!? Learning and Individual Differences, 12, 81-103.
57. Ross, C. E., Mirowski, J., & Pribesh, S. (2001). Powerlessness and the amplification of threat: Neighborhood disadvantage, disorder, and mistrust. American Sociological Review, 66, 568-580.
58. Rowe, D., Jacobson, K., & van den Oord, E. (1999). Genetic and environmental influences on vocabulary IQ: Parental education level as moderator. Child Development, 70, 1151-1162.
59. Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1993). Crime in the making: Pathways and turning points through life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
60. Sampson, R. J., Morenoff, J. D., & Raudenbush, S. W. (2005). Social anatomy of racial and ethnic differences in violence. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 224-232.
61. Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277, 918-924.
62. Scarr-Salapatek, S. (1971). Race, social class, and IQ. Science, 174, 1285-1295.
63. Short, J. F., Jr., & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1965). Group process and gang delinquency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
64. Simcha-Fagan, O., & Schwartz, J. E. (1986). Neighborhood and delinquency: An assessment of contextual effects. Criminology, 24, 667-704.
65. Thornberry, T. P., Krohn, M. D., Lizotte, A. J., Smith, C. A., & Tobin, K. (2002). The toll of gang membership: Gangs and delinquency in developmental perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.
66. Turkheimer, E., Haley, A., Waldron, M., D'Onofrio, B., & Gottesman, I. I. (2003). Socioeconomic status modifies heritability of IQ in young children. Psychological Science, 14, 623-628.
67. Ward, D. A., & Tittle, C. R. (1994). IQ and delinquency: A test of two competing explanations. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10, 189-212.
68. West, D. (1973). Who becomes delinquent? London: Heinemann.
69. Wikstrom, P. H., & Loeber, R. (2000). Do disadvantaged neighborhoods cause well-adjusted children to become adolescent delinquents? A study of male juvenile serious offending, individual risk and protective factors, and neighborhood context. Criminology, 38, 1109-1142.
70. Wilson, J. Q., & Herrnstein, R. (1985). Crime and human nature. New York: Simon and Schuster.
71. Wilson, W. J. (1996). When work disappears: The world of the new urban poor. New York: Knopf.
72. Wolfgang, M. E., Figlio, R. M., & Sellin, T. (1972). Delinquency in a birth cohort. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
73. Wolfgang, M. E., Figlio, R. M., Tracy, P. E., & Singer, S. I. (1985). The national survey of crime severity. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.