메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 403, Issue , 2010, Pages 29-41

Spatial dynamics, ecological thresholds and phase shifts: Modelling grazer aggregation and gap formation in kelp beds

Author keywords

Gap formation; Grazing; Kelp beds; Mathematical modelling; Phase shifts sea urchins; Spatial pattern; Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis; Thresholds

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; ECHINODERM; GRAZING; NUMERICAL MODEL; POPULATION DENSITY; RECRUITMENT (POPULATION DYNAMICS); SEAWEED; SUBTIDAL ENVIRONMENT; THRESHOLD;

EID: 77954094821     PISSN: 01718630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/meps08494     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (88)
  • 2
    • 59149089998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin mediates behavioral gregarization underlying swarm formation in desert locusts
    • Anstey ML, Rogers SM, Ott SR, Burrows M, Simpson SJ (2009) Serotonin mediates behavioral gregarization underlying swarm formation in desert locusts. Science 323:627-630
    • (2009) Science , vol.323 , pp. 627-630
    • Anstey, M.L.1    Rogers, S.M.2    Ott, S.R.3    Burrows, M.4    Simpson, S.J.5
  • 3
    • 0034687287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal and spatial variability in settlement and recruitment of echinoderms in kelp beds and barrens in Nova Scotia
    • Balch T, Scheibling RE (2000) Temporal and spatial variability in settlement and recruitment of echinoderms in kelp beds and barrens in Nova Scotia. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 205:139-154
    • (2000) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.205 , pp. 139-154
    • Balch, T.1    Scheibling, R.E.2
  • 4
    • 2142799632 scopus 로고
    • Predator-prey role reversal in a marine benthic ecosystem
    • Barkai A, McQuaid C (1988) Predator-prey role reversal in a marine benthic ecosystem. Science 242:62-64
    • (1988) Science , vol.242 , pp. 62-64
    • Barkai, A.1    McQuaid, C.2
  • 5
    • 0020894007 scopus 로고
    • Sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) aggregating behavior investigated by a subtidal multifactorial experiment
    • Bernstein BB, Schroeter S C, Mann KH (1983) Sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) aggregating behavior investigated by a subtidal multifactorial experiment. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40:1975-1986
    • (1983) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 1975-1986
    • Bernstein, B.B.1    Schroeter, S.C.2    Mann, K.H.3
  • 6
    • 0037800374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do alternative stable community states exist in the Gulf of Maine rocky intertidal zone?
    • Bertness MD, Trussell GC, Ewanchuk PJ, Silliman BR (2002) Do alternative stable community states exist in the Gulf of Maine rocky intertidal zone? Ecology 83:3434-3448
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 3434-3448
    • Bertness, M.D.1    Trussell, G.C.2    Ewanchuk, P.J.3    Silliman, B.R.4
  • 7
    • 4444293257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do alternate stable community states exist in the Gulf of Maine rocky intertidal zone?
    • Bertness MD, Trussell GC, Ewanchuk PJ, Silliman BR (2004) Do alternate stable community states exist in the Gulf of Maine rocky intertidal zone? Reply. Ecology 85:1165-1167
    • (2004) Reply. Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 1165-1167
    • Bertness, M.D.1    Trussell, G.C.2    Ewanchuk, P.J.3    Silliman, B.R.4
  • 8
    • 27744603040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repopulation of the shallow subtidal zone by green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) following mass mortality in Nova Scotia, Canada
    • Brady SM, Scheibling RE (2005) Repopulation of the shallow subtidal zone by green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) following mass mortality in Nova Scotia, Canada. J Mar. Biol Assoc UK 85:1511-1517
    • (2005) J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK , vol.85 , pp. 1511-1517
    • Brady, S.M.1    Scheibling, R.E.2
  • 9
    • 0002972349 scopus 로고
    • Changing lobster abundance and destruction of kelp beds by sea urchins
    • Breen PA, Mann KH (1976a) Changing lobster abundance and destruction of kelp beds by sea urchins. Mar. Biol 34:137-142
    • (1976) Mar. Biol. , vol.34 , pp. 137-142
    • Breen, P.A.1    Mann, K.H.2
  • 10
    • 0000540683 scopus 로고
    • Destructive grazing of kelp by sea urchins in Eastern Canada
    • Breen PA, Mann KH (1976b) Destructive grazing of kelp by sea urchins in Eastern Canada. J Fish Res Board Can 33:1278-1283
    • (1976) J. Fish. Res. Board Can. , vol.33 , pp. 1278-1283
    • Breen, P.A.1    Mann, K.H.2
  • 11
    • 67449156119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing evidence of phase shifts from coral to macroalgal dominance on coral reefs
    • Bruno JF, Sweatman H, Precht WF, Selig ER, Schutte V G W (2009) Assessing evidence of phase shifts from coral to macroalgal dominance on coral reefs. Ecology 90:1478-1484
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 1478-1484
    • Bruno, J.F.1    Sweatman, H.2    Precht, W.F.3    Selig, E.R.4    Schutte, V.G.W.5
  • 12
    • 0001556134 scopus 로고
    • Stability of sea urchin dominated barren grounds following destructive grazing of kelp in St. Margaret's Bay, Eastern Canada
    • Chapman A R O (1981) Stability of sea urchin dominated barren grounds following destructive grazing of kelp in St. Margaret's Bay, Eastern Canada. Mar. Biol 62:307-312
    • (1981) Mar. Biol. , vol.62 , pp. 307-312
    • Chapman, A.R.O.1
  • 13
    • 0041770688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species introductions and changes in marine vegetation of Atlantic Canada
    • Claudi R, Nantel P, Muckle-Jeffs E eds, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service Science Branch, Ottawa, ON
    • Chapman AS, Scheibling RE, Chapman A R O (2002) Species introductions and changes in marine vegetation of Atlantic Canada. In: Claudi R, Nantel P, Muckle-Jeffs E (eds) Alien invaders in Canada's waters, wetlands and forests. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service Science Branch, Ottawa, ON, p 133-148
    • (2002) Alien Invaders in Canada's Waters, Wetlands and Forests , pp. 133-148
    • Chapman, A.S.1    Scheibling, R.E.2    Chapman, A.R.O.3
  • 14
    • 0037316544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) stock in Maine, USA
    • Chen Y, Hunter M (2003) Assessing the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) stock in Maine, USA. Fish Res 60:527-537
    • (2003) Fish. Res. , vol.60 , pp. 527-537
    • Chen, Y.1    Hunter, M.2
  • 15
    • 0022167232 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of kelp communities
    • Dayton PK (1985) Ecology of kelp communities. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 16:215-245
    • (1985) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.16 , pp. 215-245
    • Dayton, P.K.1
  • 17
    • 33747615255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily movement of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in different subtidal habitats in eastern Canada
    • Dumont CP, Himmelman JH, Russell MP (2006) Daily movement of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in different subtidal habitats in eastern Canada. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 317:87-99
    • (2006) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.317 , pp. 87-99
    • Dumont, C.P.1    Himmelman, J.H.2    Russell, M.P.3
  • 18
    • 0025640327 scopus 로고
    • Inference in ecology: The sea urchin phenomenon in the northwestern Atlantic
    • Elner RW, Vadas RL (1990) Inference in ecology: the sea urchin phenomenon in the northwestern Atlantic. Am Nat 136:108-125
    • (1990) Am. Nat. , vol.136 , pp. 108-125
    • Elner, R.W.1    Vadas, R.L.2
  • 19
    • 0028976890 scopus 로고
    • Sea otters and kelp forests in Alaska: Generality and variation in a community ecological paradigm
    • Estes JA, Duggins DO (1995) Sea otters and kelp forests in Alaska: generality and variation in a community ecological paradigm. Ecol Monogr 65:75-100
    • (1995) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.65 , pp. 75-100
    • Estes, J.A.1    Duggins, D.O.2
  • 22
    • 0001084019 scopus 로고
    • Benthic community modification and recovery following intensive grazing by Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
    • Foreman RE (1977) Benthic community modification and recovery following intensive grazing by Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Helgol Wiss Meeresunters 30:468-484
    • (1977) Helgol Wiss Meeresunters , vol.30 , pp. 468-484
    • Foreman, R.E.1
  • 23
    • 20644435140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic cascades in a formerly cod-dominated ecosystem
    • Frank KT, Petrie B, Choi JS, Leggett WC (2005) Trophic cascades in a formerly cod-dominated ecosystem. Science 308:1621-1623
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , pp. 1621-1623
    • Frank, K.T.1    Petrie, B.2    Choi, J.S.3    Leggett, W.C.4
  • 24
    • 0034823844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing community states in the Gulf of Maine: Synergism between invaders, overfishing and climate change
    • Harris LG, Tyrell MC (2001) Changing community states in the Gulf of Maine: synergism between invaders, overfishing and climate change. Biol Invasions 3:9-21
    • (2001) Biol. Invasions , vol.3 , pp. 9-21
    • Harris, L.G.1    Tyrell, M.C.2
  • 25
    • 0002054228 scopus 로고
    • Resilience and stability of ecological systems
    • Holling CS (1973) Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 4:1-23
    • (1973) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.4 , pp. 1-23
    • Holling, C.S.1
  • 26
    • 0028162085 scopus 로고
    • Catastrophes, phase shifts, and large-scale degradation of a Caribbean coral reef
    • Hughes TP (1994) Catastrophes, phase shifts, and large-scale degradation of a Caribbean coral reef. Science 265:1547-1551
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 1547-1551
    • Hughes, T.P.1
  • 27
    • 0024190706 scopus 로고
    • Diversity, patterns of adaptation, and stability of Nova Scotian kelp beds
    • Johnson CR, Mann KH (1988) Diversity, patterns of adaptation, and stability of Nova Scotian kelp beds. Ecol Monogr 58:129-154
    • (1988) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.58 , pp. 129-154
    • Johnson, C.R.1    Mann, K.H.2
  • 29
    • 0041313953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stability of boundary regions between kelp beds and deforested areas
    • Konar B, Estes JA (2003) The stability of boundary regions between kelp beds and deforested areas. Ecology 84:174-185
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 174-185
    • Konar, B.1    Estes, J.A.2
  • 30
    • 33846965256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behaviour of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis grazing fronts: Food-mediated aggregation and density-dependent facilitation
    • Lauzon-Guay JS, Scheibling RE (2007a) Behaviour of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis grazing fronts: food-mediated aggregation and density-dependent facilitation. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 329:191-204
    • (2007) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.329 , pp. 191-204
    • Lauzon-Guay, J.S.1    Scheibling, R.E.2
  • 31
    • 34548398298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in movement, aggregation and destructive grazing of the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) in relation to wave action and sea temperature
    • Lauzon-Guay JS, Scheibling RE (2007b) Seasonal variation in movement, aggregation and destructive grazing of the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) in relation to wave action and sea temperature. Mar. Biol 151:2109-2118
    • (2007) Mar. Biol. , vol.151 , pp. 2109-2118
    • Lauzon-Guay, J.S.1    Scheibling, R.E.2
  • 32
    • 30744432362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement patterns in the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
    • Lauzon-Guay JS, Scheibling RE, Barbeau MA (2006) Movement patterns in the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. J Mar. Biol Assoc UK 86:167-174
    • (2006) J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK , vol.86 , pp. 167-174
    • Lauzon-Guay, J.S.1    Scheibling, R.E.2    Barbeau, M.A.3
  • 33
    • 60949091539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation and propagation of feeding fronts in benthic marine invertebrates: A modeling approach
    • Lauzon-Guay JS, Scheibling RE, Barbeau MA (2008) Formation and propagation of feeding fronts in benthic marine invertebrates: a modeling approach. Ecology 89:3150-3162
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 3150-3162
    • Lauzon-Guay, J.S.1    Scheibling, R.E.2    Barbeau, M.A.3
  • 35
    • 0038138034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communitywide effects of nonindigenous species on temperate rocky reefs
    • Levin PS, Coyer JA, Petrik R, Good TP (2002) Communitywide effects of nonindigenous species on temperate rocky reefs. Ecology 83:3182-3193
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 3182-3193
    • Levin, P.S.1    Coyer, J.A.2    Petrik, R.3    Good, T.P.4
  • 36
    • 0000535870 scopus 로고
    • The role of herbivorous fishes in the organization of a Caribbean reef community
    • Lewis S (1986) The role of herbivorous fishes in the organization of a Caribbean reef community. Ecol Monogr 56:183-200
    • (1986) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.56 , pp. 183-200
    • Lewis, S.1
  • 37
    • 34547478828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary history and algal traits on feeding rate and food preference in the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
    • Lyons DA, Scheibling RE (2007) Effect of dietary history and algal traits on feeding rate and food preference in the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. J Exp Mar. Biol Ecol 349:194-204
    • (2007) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.349 , pp. 194-204
    • Lyons, D.A.1    Scheibling, R.E.2
  • 38
    • 70349770063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context-dependant survival of the invasive seaweed Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides in kelp beds and urchin barren habitats off Nova Scotia
    • Lyons DA, Scheibling RE (2008) Context-dependant survival of the invasive seaweed Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides in kelp beds and urchin barren habitats off Nova Scotia. Aquat Biol 2:17-27
    • (2008) Aquat. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 17-27
    • Lyons, D.A.1    Scheibling, R.E.2
  • 39
    • 36448948667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-grazing activity and seasonal variation of dimethylsulfoniopropionateassociated compounds in the invasive alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides
    • Lyons DA, Van Alstyne KL, Scheibling RE (2007) Anti-grazing activity and seasonal variation of dimethylsulfoniopropionateassociated compounds in the invasive alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides. Mar. Biol 153:179-188
    • (2007) Mar. Biol. , vol.153 , pp. 179-188
    • Lyons, D.A.1    Van Alstyne, K.L.2    Scheibling, R.E.3
  • 40
    • 0000986159 scopus 로고
    • Ecological energetics of the seaweed zone in a marine bay on the Atlantic coast of Canada. I. Zonation and biomass of seaweeds
    • Mann KH (1972) Ecological energetics of the seaweed zone in a marine bay on the Atlantic coast of Canada. I. Zonation and biomass of seaweeds. Mar. Biol 12:1-10
    • (1972) Mar. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 1-10
    • Mann, K.H.1
  • 41
    • 0000377459 scopus 로고
    • Destruction of kelp-beds by sea-urchins: A cyclical phenomenon or irreversible degradation?
    • Mann KH (1977) Destruction of kelp-beds by sea-urchins: a cyclical phenomenon or irreversible degradation? Helgol Wiss Meeresunters 30:455-467
    • (1977) Helgol Wiss Meeresunters , vol.30 , pp. 455-467
    • Mann, K.H.1
  • 42
    • 2642701684 scopus 로고
    • Invertebrate behaviour and the structure of marine benthic communities
    • Sibley RM, Smith RH eds, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford
    • Mann KH (1985) Invertebrate behaviour and the structure of marine benthic communities. In: Sibley RM, Smith RH (eds) Behavioural ecology. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, p 227-246
    • (1985) Behavioural Ecology , pp. 227-246
    • Mann, K.H.1
  • 43
    • 0000890960 scopus 로고
    • Thresholds and breakpoints in ecosystems with a multiplicity of stable states
    • May RM (1977) Thresholds and breakpoints in ecosystems with a multiplicity of stable states. Nature 269:471-477
    • (1977) Nature , vol.269 , pp. 471-477
    • May, R.M.1
  • 44
    • 2142699681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coral-algal phase shifts on coral reefs: Ecological and environmental aspects
    • McManus JW, Polsenberg JF (2004) Coral-algal phase shifts on coral reefs: ecological and environmental aspects. Prog Oceanogr 60:263-279
    • (2004) Prog. Oceanogr. , vol.60 , pp. 263-279
    • McManus, J.W.1    Polsenberg, J.F.2
  • 45
    • 0035804610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in egg spawning among subpopulations of sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis: A theoretical approach
    • Meidel SK, Scheibling RE (2001) Variation in egg spawning among subpopulations of sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis: a theoretical approach. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 213:97-110
    • (2001) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.213 , pp. 97-110
    • Meidel, S.K.1    Scheibling, R.E.2
  • 46
    • 0000769011 scopus 로고
    • Succession in sea urchin and seaweed abundance in Nova Scotia, Canada
    • Miller RJ (1985) Succession in sea urchin and seaweed abundance in Nova Scotia, Canada. Mar. Biol 84:275-286
    • (1985) Mar. Biol. , vol.84 , pp. 275-286
    • Miller, R.J.1
  • 47
    • 0023486905 scopus 로고
    • A ration-based model of a seaweedsea urchin community
    • Mohn RK, Miller RJ (1987) A ration-based model of a seaweedsea urchin community. Ecol Model 37:249-267
    • (1987) Ecol. Model , vol.37 , pp. 249-267
    • Mohn, R.K.1    Miller, R.J.2
  • 49
    • 70349990231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase shifts and the stability of macroalgal communities on Caribbean coral reefs
    • Mumby PJ (2009) Phase shifts and the stability of macroalgal communities on Caribbean coral reefs. Coral Reefs 28:761-773
    • (2009) Coral Reefs , vol.28 , pp. 761-773
    • Mumby, P.J.1
  • 50
    • 35948966384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thresholds and the resilience of Caribbean coral reefs
    • Mumby PJ, Hastings A, Edwards HJ (2007) Thresholds and the resilience of Caribbean coral reefs. Nature 450:98-101
    • (2007) Nature , vol.450 , pp. 98-101
    • Mumby, P.J.1    Hastings, A.2    Edwards, H.J.3
  • 51
    • 0027098936 scopus 로고
    • Limits to predator regulation of rabbits in Australia: Evidence from predator-removal experiments
    • Pech RP, Sinclair A R E, Newsome AE, Catling PC (1992) Limits to predator regulation of rabbits in Australia: evidence from predator-removal experiments. Oecologia 89:102-112
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.89 , pp. 102-112
    • Pech, R.P.1    Sinclair, A.R.E.2    Newsome, A.E.3    Catling, P.C.4
  • 52
    • 0000004584 scopus 로고
    • Does a rigorous criterion for environmental identity preclude the existence of multiple stable points?
    • Peterson CH (1984) Does a rigorous criterion for environmental identity preclude the existence of multiple stable points? Am Nat 124:127-133
    • (1984) Am. Nat. , vol.124 , pp. 127-133
    • Peterson, C.H.1
  • 53
    • 2342615533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of alternative stable states in marine communities
    • Petraitis PS, Dudgeon SR (2004a) Detection of alternative stable states in marine communities. J Exp Mar. Biol Ecol 300:343-371
    • (2004) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.300 , pp. 343-371
    • Petraitis, P.S.1    Dudgeon, S.R.2
  • 54
    • 4444273289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do alternate stable community states exist in the Gulf of Maine rocky intertidal zone?
    • Petraitis PS, Dudgeon SR (2004b) Do alternate stable community states exist in the Gulf of Maine rocky intertidal zone? Comment. Ecology 85:1160-1165
    • (2004) Comment. Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 1160-1165
    • Petraitis, P.S.1    Dudgeon, S.R.2
  • 56
    • 38249033270 scopus 로고
    • Recruitment and growth of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Muller) following mass mortalities off Nova Scotia, Canada
    • Raymond BG, Scheibling RE (1987) Recruitment and growth of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Muller) following mass mortalities off Nova Scotia, Canada. J Exp Mar. Biol Ecol 108:31-54
    • (1987) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.108 , pp. 31-54
    • Raymond, B.G.1    Scheibling, R.E.2
  • 57
    • 4644316410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-organized patchiness and catastrophic shifts in ecosystems
    • Rietkerk M, Dekker SC, de Ruiter PC, van de Koppel J (2004) Self-organized patchiness and catastrophic shifts in ecosystems. Science 305:1926-1929
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , pp. 1926-1929
    • Rietkerk, M.1    Dekker, S.C.2    De Ruiter, P.C.3    Van De Koppel, J.4
  • 58
    • 63849189642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex equilibria in the maintenance of boundaries: Experiments with mussel beds
    • Robles CD, Desharnais RA, Garza C, Donahue MJ, Martinez CA (2009) Complex equilibria in the maintenance of boundaries: experiments with mussel beds. Ecology 90:985-995
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 985-995
    • Robles, C.D.1    Desharnais, R.A.2    Garza, C.3    Donahue, M.J.4    Martinez, C.A.5
  • 59
    • 0031811142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field estimates of growth and mortality of the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
    • Russell MP, Ebert TA, Petraitis PS (1998) Field estimates of growth and mortality of the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Ophelia 48:137-153
    • (1998) Ophelia , vol.48 , pp. 137-153
    • Russell, M.P.1    Ebert, T.A.2    Petraitis, P.S.3
  • 60
    • 56149121298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High recruitment of the introduced bryozoan Membranipora membranacea is associated with kelp bed defoliation in Nova Scotia, Canada
    • Saunders M, Metaxas A (2008) High recruitment of the introduced bryozoan Membranipora membranacea is associated with kelp bed defoliation in Nova Scotia, Canada. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 369:139-151
    • (2008) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.369 , pp. 139-151
    • Saunders, M.1    Metaxas, A.2
  • 63
    • 0000653808 scopus 로고
    • Echinoids, epizootics and ecological stability in the rocky subtidal off Nova Scotia, Canada
    • Scheibling RE (1984) Echinoids, epizootics and ecological stability in the rocky subtidal off Nova Scotia, Canada. Helgol Wiss Meeresunters 37:233-242
    • (1984) Helgol Wiss Meeresunters , vol.37 , pp. 233-242
    • Scheibling, R.E.1
  • 64
    • 0022825878 scopus 로고
    • Increased macroalgal abundance following mass mortalities of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia
    • Scheibling RE (1986) Increased macroalgal abundance following mass mortalities of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia. Oecologia 68:186-198
    • (1986) Oecologia , vol.68 , pp. 186-198
    • Scheibling, R.E.1
  • 65
    • 0029811053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of predation in regulating sea urchin populations in eastern Canada
    • Scheibling RE (1996) The role of predation in regulating sea urchin populations in eastern Canada. Oceanol Acta 19:421-430
    • (1996) Oceanol Acta , vol.19 , pp. 421-430
    • Scheibling, R.E.1
  • 66
    • 0034895921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding, growth and reproduction of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) on single and mixed diets of kelp (Laminaria spp.) and the invasive alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides
    • Scheibling RE, Anthony SX (2001) Feeding, growth and reproduction of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) on single and mixed diets of kelp (Laminaria spp.) and the invasive alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides. Mar. Biol 139:139-146
    • (2001) Mar. Biol. , vol.139 , pp. 139-146
    • Scheibling, R.E.1    Anthony, S.X.2
  • 67
    • 33845424532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive interactions between the invasive green alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides and native canopy-forming seaweeds in Nova Scotia (Canada)
    • Scheibling RE, Gagnon P (2006) Competitive interactions between the invasive green alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides and native canopy-forming seaweeds in Nova Scotia (Canada). Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 325:1-14
    • (2006) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.325 , pp. 1-14
    • Scheibling, R.E.1    Gagnon, P.2
  • 68
    • 70349550003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature-mediated outbreak dynamics of the invasive bryozoan Membranipora membranacea in Nova Scotian kelp beds
    • Scheibling RE, Gagnon P (2009) Temperature-mediated outbreak dynamics of the invasive bryozoan Membranipora membranacea in Nova Scotian kelp beds. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 390:1-13
    • (2009) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.390 , pp. 1-13
    • Scheibling, R.E.1    Gagnon, P.2
  • 69
    • 0001461420 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) and their predators in field and laboratory experiments
    • Scheibling RE, Hamm J (1991) Interactions between sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) and their predators in field and laboratory experiments. Mar. Biol 110:105-116
    • (1991) Mar. Biol. , vol.110 , pp. 105-116
    • Scheibling, R.E.1    Hamm, J.2
  • 70
    • 0043251571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
    • Lawrence JM ed, 2nd edn. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam
    • Scheibling RE, Hatcher BG (2006) The ecology of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. In: Lawrence JM (ed) Edible sea urchins: biology and ecology, 2nd edn. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, p 353-392
    • (2006) Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology , pp. 353-392
    • Scheibling, R.E.1    Hatcher, B.G.2
  • 71
    • 51649107486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Settlement behaviour and early post-settlement predation of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
    • Scheibling RE, Robinson MC (2008) Settlement behaviour and early post-settlement predation of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. J Exp Mar. Biol Ecol 365:59-66
    • (2008) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.365 , pp. 59-66
    • Scheibling, R.E.1    Robinson, M.C.2
  • 72
    • 0001222424 scopus 로고
    • Mass mortality of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) off Nova Scotia, Canada
    • Scheibling RE, Stephenson RL (1984) Mass mortality of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) off Nova Scotia, Canada. Mar. Biol 78:153-164
    • (1984) Mar. Biol. , vol.78 , pp. 153-164
    • Scheibling, R.E.1    Stephenson, R.L.2
  • 73
    • 0033490709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Destructive grazing, epiphytism, and disease: The dynamics of sea urchin - Kelp interactions in Nova Scotia
    • Scheibling RE, Hennigar AW, Balch T (1999) Destructive grazing, epiphytism, and disease: the dynamics of sea urchin - kelp interactions in Nova Scotia. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 56:2300-2314
    • (1999) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 2300-2314
    • Scheibling, R.E.1    Hennigar, A.W.2    Balch, T.3
  • 74
    • 20444390680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct experimental evidence for alternative stable states: A review
    • Schröder A, Lennart P, De Roos AM (2005) Direct experimental evidence for alternative stable states: a review. Oikos 110:3-19
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.110 , pp. 3-19
    • Schröder, A.1    Lennart, P.2    De Roos, A.M.3
  • 77
    • 0001562775 scopus 로고
    • Aleuts, sea otters, and alternate stable-state communities
    • Simenstad CA, Estes JA, Kenyon KW (1978) Aleuts, sea otters, and alternate stable-state communities. Science 200:403-411
    • (1978) Science , vol.200 , pp. 403-411
    • Simenstad, C.A.1    Estes, J.A.2    Kenyon, K.W.3
  • 78
    • 0002372182 scopus 로고
    • Demography of the echinoid Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis related to biotope in northern Norway
    • Skjoldal HR, Hopkins C, Erikstad KE, Leinaas HP eds, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam
    • Sivertsen K, Hopkins C C E (1995) Demography of the echinoid Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis related to biotope in northern Norway. In: Skjoldal HR, Hopkins C, Erikstad KE, Leinaas HP (eds) Ecology of fjords and coastal waters. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, p 549-571
    • (1995) Ecology of Fjords and Coastal Waters , pp. 549-571
    • Sivertsen, K.1    Hopkins, C.C.E.2
  • 79
    • 33746361552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial self-organization: From pattern to process
    • Solé RV, Bascompte J eds, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
    • Solé RV, Bascompte J (2006) Spatial self-organization: from pattern to process. In: Solé RV, Bascompte J (eds) Selforganization in complex ecosystems. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, p 65-125
    • (2006) Selforganization in Complex Ecosystems , pp. 65-125
    • Solé, R.V.1    Bascompte, J.2
  • 80
    • 2142761148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regime shifts in the ocean: Reconciling observations and theory
    • Steele JH (2004) Regime shifts in the ocean: reconciling observations and theory. Prog Oceanogr 60:135-141
    • (2004) Prog. Oceanogr. , vol.60 , pp. 135-141
    • Steele, J.H.1
  • 82
    • 20444470342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of grazing by sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in regulating the invasive alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides in Nova Scotia
    • Sumi C B T, Scheibling RE (2005) Role of grazing by sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in regulating the invasive alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides in Nova Scotia. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 292:203-212
    • (2005) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.292 , pp. 203-212
    • Sumi, C.B.T.1    Scheibling, R.E.2
  • 83
    • 0016353829 scopus 로고
    • Multiple stable points in natural communities
    • Sutherland JP (1974) Multiple stable points in natural communities. Am Nat 108:859-873
    • (1974) Am. Nat. , vol.108 , pp. 859-873
    • Sutherland, J.P.1
  • 84
    • 0001497277 scopus 로고
    • Perturbations, resistance, and alternative views of the existence of multiple stable points in nature
    • Sutherland JP (1990) Perturbations, resistance, and alternative views of the existence of multiple stable points in nature. Am Nat 136:270-275
    • (1990) Am. Nat. , vol.136 , pp. 270-275
    • Sutherland, J.P.1
  • 85
    • 0000302269 scopus 로고
    • Experimental evaluation of aggregation behavior in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
    • Vadas RL, Elner RW, Garwood PE, Babb IG (1986) Experimental evaluation of aggregation behavior in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Mar. Biol 90:433-448
    • (1986) Mar. Biol. , vol.90 , pp. 433-448
    • Vadas, R.L.1    Elner, R.W.2    Garwood, P.E.3    Babb, I.G.4
  • 86
    • 0035665791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do alternate stable states occur in natural ecosystems? Evidence from a tidal flat
    • van de Koppel J, Herman P M J, Thoolen P, Heip C H R (2001) Do alternate stable states occur in natural ecosystems? Evidence from a tidal flat. Ecology 82:3449-3461
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 3449-3461
    • Van De Koppel, J.1    Herman, P.M.J.2    Thoolen, P.3    Heip, C.H.R.4
  • 87
    • 55349136243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence for spatial self-organization and its emergent effects in mussel bed ecosystems
    • van de Koppel J, Gascoigne JC, Theraulaz G, Rietkerk M, Mooij WM, Herman P M J (2008) Experimental evidence for spatial self-organization and its emergent effects in mussel bed ecosystems. Science 322:739-742
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , pp. 739-742
    • Van De Koppel, J.1    Gascoigne, J.C.2    Theraulaz, G.3    Rietkerk, M.4    Mooij, W.M.5    Herman, P.M.J.6
  • 88
    • 0001181380 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between destructive grazing by the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, and the abundance of American lobster, Homarus americanus, on the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia
    • Wharton WG, Mann KH (1981) Relationship between destructive grazing by the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, and the abundance of American lobster, Homarus americanus, on the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 38:1339-1349
    • (1981) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 1339-1349
    • Wharton, W.G.1    Mann, K.H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.