메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 83, Issue 11, 2002, Pages 3182-3193

Community-wide effects of nonindigenous species on temperate rocky reefs

Author keywords

Codium; Gulf of Maine, USA; Herbivory; Indirect effects; Introduced species; Isles of Shoals, Maine, USA; Kelp recruitment and nonindigenous species; Membranipora; Nonindigenous species; Recruitment; Species interactions; Tautogolabrus adspersus

Indexed keywords

COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; GREEN ALGA; HERBIVORY; INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTION; INTRODUCED SPECIES; ROCKY SHORE; SEAWEED;

EID: 0038138034     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[3182:CWEONS]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (194)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0001076664 scopus 로고
    • Feeding biology and ecological impact of an introduced nudibranch, Tritonia plebeia, New England, USA
    • Allmon, R. A., and K. P. Sebens. 1988. Feeding biology and ecological impact of an introduced nudibranch, Tritonia plebeia, New England, USA. Marine Biology 99:375-386.
    • (1988) Marine Biology , vol.99 , pp. 375-386
    • Allmon, R.A.1    Sebens, K.P.2
  • 3
    • 0027047526 scopus 로고
    • Recent invasions of the Gulf of Maine: Three contrasting ecological histories
    • Berman, J., L. Harris, W. Lambert, M. Buttrick, and M. Dufresne. 1992. Recent invasions of the Gulf of Maine: three contrasting ecological histories. Conservation Biology 6:435-441.
    • (1992) Conservation Biology , vol.6 , pp. 435-441
    • Berman, J.1    Harris, L.2    Lambert, W.3    Buttrick, M.4    Dufresne, M.5
  • 4
    • 0001655878 scopus 로고
    • Selective pressures and coevolution in a kelp canopy community in southern California
    • Bernstein, B. B., and J. Jung. 1979. Selective pressures and coevolution in a kelp canopy community in southern California. Ecological Monographs 49:335-355.
    • (1979) Ecological Monographs , vol.49 , pp. 335-355
    • Bernstein, B.B.1    Jung, J.2
  • 5
    • 0001975911 scopus 로고
    • First record of the potential nuisance alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides (Chlorophyta, Caulerpales) in Atlantic Canada
    • Bird, C. J., M. J. Dadswell, and D. W. Grund. 1993. First record of the potential nuisance alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides (Chlorophyta, Caulerpales) in Atlantic Canada. Proceedings of the Nova Scotia Institute of Science 40:11-17.
    • (1993) Proceedings of the Nova Scotia Institute of Science , vol.40 , pp. 11-17
    • Bird, C.J.1    Dadswell, M.J.2    Grund, D.W.3
  • 6
    • 0027883834 scopus 로고
    • Kelp beds as habitat for American lobster Homarus americanus
    • Bologna, P. A., and R. S. Steneck. 1993. Kelp beds as habitat for American lobster Homarus americanus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 100:127-134.
    • (1993) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.100 , pp. 127-134
    • Bologna, P.A.1    Steneck, R.S.2
  • 7
    • 0033939307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition between two estuarine snails: Implications for invasions of exotic species
    • Byers, J. E. 2000. Competition between two estuarine snails: implications for invasions of exotic species. Ecology 81:1225-1239.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 1225-1239
    • Byers, J.E.1
  • 8
    • 0024879194 scopus 로고
    • Man's role in changing the face of the ocean: Biological invasions and implications for conservation of near-shore environments
    • Carlton, J. T. 1989. Man's role in changing the face of the ocean: biological invasions and implications for conservation of near-shore environments. Conservation Biology 3:265-273.
    • (1989) Conservation Biology , vol.3 , pp. 265-273
    • Carlton, J.T.1
  • 9
    • 84961484232 scopus 로고
    • Progression and dispersal of an introduced alga: Codium fragile spp. tomentosoides (Chlorophyta) on the Atlantic coast of North America
    • Carlton, J. T., and J. Scanlon. 1985. Progression and dispersal of an introduced alga: Codium fragile spp. tomentosoides (Chlorophyta) on the Atlantic coast of North America. Botanica Marina 28:155-165.
    • (1985) Botanica Marina , vol.28 , pp. 155-165
    • Carlton, J.T.1    Scanlon, J.2
  • 10
    • 0028181289 scopus 로고
    • Effects of macroalgal dynamics on recruitment of a temperate reef fish
    • Carr, M. H. 1994. Effects of macroalgal dynamics on recruitment of a temperate reef fish. Ecology 75:1320-1333.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1320-1333
    • Carr, M.H.1
  • 11
    • 0032287114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From introduced species to invader: What determines variation in the success of Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides (Chlorophyta) in the North Atlantic Ocean?
    • Chapman, A. S. 1999. From introduced species to invader: what determines variation in the success of Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides (Chlorophyta) in the North Atlantic Ocean? Helgolander Meeresunters 52:277-289.
    • (1999) Helgolander Meeresunters , vol.52 , pp. 277-289
    • Chapman, A.S.1
  • 12
    • 0001050448 scopus 로고
    • A demographic study of the elk kelp, Pelagaophycus porra (Laminariales, Lessoniaceae), with notes on Pelagophycus X Macrocystis hybrids
    • Coyer, J. A., and A. C. Zaugg-Haglund. 1982. A demographic study of the elk kelp, Pelagaophycus porra (Laminariales, Lessoniaceae), with notes on Pelagophycus X Macrocystis hybrids. Phycologia 21:399-407.
    • (1982) Phycologia , vol.21 , pp. 399-407
    • Coyer, J.A.1    Zaugg-Haglund, A.C.2
  • 13
    • 0030437980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility to herbivores depends on recent history of both the plant and animal
    • Cronin, G., and M. E. Hay. 1996. Susceptibility to herbivores depends on recent history of both the plant and animal. Ecology 77:1531-1543.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1531-1543
    • Cronin, G.1    Hay, M.E.2
  • 14
    • 84985181082 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the encrusting bryozoan Membranipora membranacea on the loss of blades and fronds by the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Laminariales)
    • Dixon, J., S. C. Schroeter, and J. Kastendiek. 1981. Effects of the encrusting bryozoan Membranipora membranacea on the loss of blades and fronds by the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Laminariales). Journal of Phycology 17:341-345.
    • (1981) Journal of Phycology , vol.17 , pp. 341-345
    • Dixon, J.1    Schroeter, S.C.2    Kastendiek, J.3
  • 15
    • 0025643685 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of understory kelp environments. II. Effects of kelps on recruitment of benthic invertebrates
    • Duggins, D. O., J. E. Eckman, and A. T. Sewell. 1990. Ecology of understory kelp environments. II. Effects of kelps on recruitment of benthic invertebrates. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 143:27-45.
    • (1990) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol.143 , pp. 27-45
    • Duggins, D.O.1    Eckman, J.E.2    Sewell, A.T.3
  • 16
    • 0002927751 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of reproduction in the marine ectoprocta of the Isle of Man
    • Eggleston, D. 1972. Patterns of reproduction in the marine ectoprocta of the Isle of Man. Journal of Natural History 6:31-38.
    • (1972) Journal of Natural History , vol.6 , pp. 31-38
    • Eggleston, D.1
  • 17
    • 0024921277 scopus 로고
    • Size hierarchies in Membranipora membranacea: Do colonial animals follow the same rules as plants?
    • Ellison, A., and C. D. Harvell. 1989. Size hierarchies in Membranipora membranacea: Do colonial animals follow the same rules as plants? Oikos 55:349-355.
    • (1989) Oikos , vol.55 , pp. 349-355
    • Ellison, A.1    Harvell, C.D.2
  • 19
    • 0011101033 scopus 로고
    • Winter fragmentation of Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot ssp. tomentosoides (van Goor) Silva (Chlorophyceae, Siphonales) in New England
    • Fralick, R. A., and A. C. Mathieson. 1972. Winter fragmentation of Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot ssp. tomentosoides (van Goor) Silva (Chlorophyceae, Siphonales) in New England. Phycologia 11:67-70.
    • (1972) Phycologia , vol.11 , pp. 67-70
    • Fralick, R.A.1    Mathieson, A.C.2
  • 20
    • 0001534850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential impacts of a western Pacific grapsid crab on intertidal communities of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean
    • Gerard, V. A., R. M. Cerrato, and A. A. Larson. 1999. Potential impacts of a western Pacific grapsid crab on intertidal communities of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Biological invasions 1:353-361.
    • (1999) Biological Invasions , vol.1 , pp. 353-361
    • Gerard, V.A.1    Cerrato, R.M.2    Larson, A.A.3
  • 21
    • 0030251403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the impact of introduced marine species: Lessons from the multiple invasions of the European green crab Carcinus maenas
    • Grosholz, E. D., and G. M. Ruiz. 1996. Predicting the impact of introduced marine species: lessons from the multiple invasions of the European green crab Carcinus maenas. Biological Conservation 78:59-66.
    • (1996) Biological Conservation , vol.78 , pp. 59-66
    • Grosholz, E.D.1    Ruiz, G.M.2
  • 23
    • 0038644865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new community state in the southwestern Gulf of Maine
    • G. T. Wallace and E. F. Braasch, editors. RARGOM report 97-1. Regional Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
    • Harris, L. G. 1997. A new community state in the southwestern Gulf of Maine. Page 295 in G. T. Wallace and E. F. Braasch, editors. Proceedings of the Gulf of Maine Ecosystem Dynamics Scientific Symposium and Workshop. RARGOM report 97-1. Regional Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
    • (1997) Proceedings of the Gulf of Maine Ecosystem Dynamics Scientific Symposium and Workshop , pp. 295
    • Harris, L.G.1
  • 24
    • 0000234727 scopus 로고
    • Predator-induced defense in a marine bryozoan
    • Harvell, C. D. 1984. Predator-induced defense in a marine bryozoan. Science 224:1357-1359.
    • (1984) Science , vol.224 , pp. 1357-1359
    • Harvell, C.D.1
  • 25
    • 0025693329 scopus 로고
    • Density effects in a colonial monoculture: Experimental studies with a marine bryozoan (Membranipora membranacea L.)
    • Harvell, C. D., H. Caswell, and P. Simpson. 1990. Density effects in a colonial monoculture: experimental studies with a marine bryozoan (Membranipora membranacea L.). Oecologia 82:227-237.
    • (1990) Oecologia , vol.82 , pp. 227-237
    • Harvell, C.D.1    Caswell, H.2    Simpson, P.3
  • 26
    • 49149136517 scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of grazing intensity on a Caribbean barrier reef: Herbivory and algal distribution
    • Hay, M. E. 1981. Spatial patterns of grazing intensity on a Caribbean barrier reef: herbivory and algal distribution. Aquatic Botany 11:97-109.
    • (1981) Aquatic Botany , vol.11 , pp. 97-109
    • Hay, M.E.1
  • 27
    • 0029479274 scopus 로고
    • Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional temperatures and precipitation
    • Hurrell, J. W. 1995. Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: regional temperatures and precipitation. Science 269:676-679.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 676-679
    • Hurrell, J.W.1
  • 28
    • 0024190706 scopus 로고
    • Diversity, patterns of adaptation, and stability of Nova Scotian Kelp beds
    • Johnson, C. R., and K. H. Mann. 1988. Diversity, patterns of adaptation, and stability of Nova Scotian Kelp beds. Ecological Monographs 58:129-154.
    • (1988) Ecological Monographs , vol.58 , pp. 129-154
    • Johnson, C.R.1    Mann, K.H.2
  • 29
    • 0000821280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing a predictive ecology for nonindigenous species and ecological invasions
    • Kareiva, P. 1996. Developing a predictive ecology for nonindigenous species and ecological invasions. Ecology 77:1651-1652.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1651-1652
    • Kareiva, P.1
  • 30
    • 0026330413 scopus 로고
    • Refugial Laminaria abundance and reduction in urchin grazing in communities in the North-West Atlantic
    • Keats, D. W. 1991. Refugial Laminaria abundance and reduction in urchin grazing in communities in the North-West Atlantic. Jóurnal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 71:867-876.
    • (1991) Jóurnal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , vol.71 , pp. 867-876
    • Keats, D.W.1
  • 32
    • 0027026904 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the structure of a New England (USA) kelp bed: The effects of an introduced species?
    • Lambert, W. J., P. S. Levin, and J. Berman. 1992. Changes in the structure of a New England (USA) kelp bed: the effects of an introduced species? Marine Ecology Progress Series 88:303-307.
    • (1992) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.88 , pp. 303-307
    • Lambert, W.J.1    Levin, P.S.2    Berman, J.3
  • 33
    • 0026293966 scopus 로고
    • Effects of microhabitat on recruitment variation in a Gulf of Maine reef fish
    • Levin, P. S. 1991. Effects of microhabitat on recruitment variation in a Gulf of Maine reef fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 75:183-189.
    • (1991) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.75 , pp. 183-189
    • Levin, P.S.1
  • 34
    • 0027844270 scopus 로고
    • Habitat structure, conspecific presence and spatial variation in the recruitment of a temperate reef fish
    • Levin, P. S. 1993. Habitat structure, conspecific presence and spatial variation in the recruitment of a temperate reef fish. Oecologia 94:176-185.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.94 , pp. 176-185
    • Levin, P.S.1
  • 35
    • 0028178886 scopus 로고
    • Fine-scale temporal variation in recruitment of a temperate demersal fish: The importance of settlement versus post-settlement loss
    • Levin, P. S. 1994a. Fine-scale temporal variation in recruitment of a temperate demersal fish: the importance of settlement versus post-settlement loss. Oecologia 97:124-133.
    • (1994) Oecologia , vol.97 , pp. 124-133
    • Levin, P.S.1
  • 36
    • 0028160368 scopus 로고
    • Small-scale recruitment variation in a temperate fish: The roles of macrophytes and food supply
    • Levin, P. S. 1994b. Small-scale recruitment variation in a temperate fish: the roles of macrophytes and food supply. Environmental Biology of Fishes 40:271-281.
    • (1994) Environmental Biology of Fishes , vol.40 , pp. 271-281
    • Levin, P.S.1
  • 37
    • 0029813196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recruitment in a temperate demersal fish: Does larval supply matter?
    • Levin, P. S. 1996. Recruitment in a temperate demersal fish: does larval supply matter? Limnology and Oceanography 41:672-679.
    • (1996) Limnology and Oceanography , vol.41 , pp. 672-679
    • Levin, P.S.1
  • 38
    • 0031593085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic differences in recruitment and population structure of a temperate reef fish
    • Levin, P. S., W. Chiasson, and J. M. Green. 1997. Geographic differences in recruitment and population structure of a temperate reef fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 161:23-35.
    • (1997) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.161 , pp. 23-35
    • Levin, P.S.1    Chiasson, W.2    Green, J.M.3
  • 39
    • 0029668833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of temperate reef fishes to alterations in algal structure and species composition
    • Levin, P. S., and M. E. Hay. 1996. Responses of temperate reef fishes to alterations in algal structure and species composition. Marine Ecology Progress Series 134:37-47.
    • (1996) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.134 , pp. 37-47
    • Levin, P.S.1    Hay, M.E.2
  • 40
    • 0026324723 scopus 로고
    • Variation in a hostepiphyte relationship along a wave exposure gradient
    • Levin, P. S., and A. C. Mathieson. 1991. Variation in a hostepiphyte relationship along a wave exposure gradient. Marine Ecology Progress Series 77:271-278.
    • (1991) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.77 , pp. 271-278
    • Levin, P.S.1    Mathieson, A.C.2
  • 41
    • 0033815114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating individual behavior and population ecology: The potential for habitat-dependent population regulation in a reef fish
    • Levin, P. S., N. Tolimieri, M. Nicklin, and P. F. Sale. 2000. Integrating individual behavior and population ecology: the potential for habitat-dependent population regulation in a reef fish. Behavioral Ecology 11:565-571.
    • (2000) Behavioral Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 565-571
    • Levin, P.S.1    Tolimieri, N.2    Nicklin, M.3    Sale, P.F.4
  • 43
    • 0000761344 scopus 로고
    • Phenological patterns of Northern New England seaweeds
    • Mathieson, A. C. 1989. Phenological patterns of Northern New England seaweeds. Botanica Marina 32:419-438.
    • (1989) Botanica Marina , vol.32 , pp. 419-438
    • Mathieson, A.C.1
  • 44
    • 0002936851 scopus 로고
    • A synopsis of New Hampshire seaweeds
    • Mathieson, A. C., and E. J. Hehre. 1986. A synopsis of New Hampshire seaweeds. Rhodora 88:1-139.
    • (1986) Rhodora , vol.88 , pp. 1-139
    • Mathieson, A.C.1    Hehre, E.J.2
  • 45
    • 84942963743 scopus 로고
    • Investigations of New England marine algae. I. A floristic and descriptive ecological study of the marine algae at Jaffrey Point, New Hampshire, U.S.A.
    • Mathieson, A. C., E. J. Hehre, and N. B. Reynolds. 1981. Investigations of New England marine algae. I. A floristic and descriptive ecological study of the marine algae at Jaffrey Point, New Hampshire, U.S.A. Botanica Marina 24:521-532.
    • (1981) Botanica Marina , vol.24 , pp. 521-532
    • Mathieson, A.C.1    Hehre, E.J.2    Reynolds, N.B.3
  • 46
    • 0003149545 scopus 로고
    • The importance of omnivory in Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in the Gulf of Maine
    • B. David, A. Guille, J. P. Feral, and M. Roux, editors. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    • Nestler, E. C., and L. G. Harris. 1994. The importance of omnivory in Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in the Gulf of Maine. Pages 813-818 in B. David, A. Guille, J. P. Feral, and M. Roux, editors. Echinoderms through time. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    • (1994) Echinoderms through Time , pp. 813-818
    • Nestler, E.C.1    Harris, L.G.2
  • 50
    • 0024931194 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of feeding preference experiments
    • Peterson, C. H., and P. R. Renaud. 1989. Analysis of feeding preference experiments. Oecologia 80:82-86.
    • (1989) Oecologia , vol.80 , pp. 82-86
    • Peterson, C.H.1    Renaud, P.R.2
  • 51
    • 0030404926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental demonstration of exploitation competition in an ongoing invasion
    • Petren, K., and T. J. Case. 1996. An experimental demonstration of exploitation competition in an ongoing invasion. Ecology 77:118-132.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 118-132
    • Petren, K.1    Case, T.J.2
  • 52
    • 84986734635 scopus 로고
    • Sexual reproduction in Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides (Chlorophyceae) from the northeast coast of North America
    • Prince, J. S. 1988. Sexual reproduction in Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides (Chlorophyceae) from the northeast coast of North America. Journal of Phycology 24:112-114.
    • (1988) Journal of Phycology , vol.24 , pp. 112-114
    • Prince, J.S.1
  • 53
    • 0027061592 scopus 로고
    • Comparative feeding preference of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Echinoidea) for the invasive seaweed Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides (Chlorophyceae) and four other seaweeds
    • Prince, J. S., and W. G. LeBlanc. 1992. Comparative feeding preference of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Echinoidea) for the invasive seaweed Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides (Chlorophyceae) and four other seaweeds. Marine Biology 113:159-163.
    • (1992) Marine Biology , vol.113 , pp. 159-163
    • Prince, J.S.1    LeBlanc, W.G.2
  • 54
    • 0024250391 scopus 로고
    • Variation in algal dispersal and recruitment: The importance of episodic events
    • Reed, D. C., D. R. Laur, and A. W. Ebeling. 1988. Variation in algal dispersal and recruitment: the importance of episodic events. Ecological Monographs 58:321-335.
    • (1988) Ecological Monographs , vol.58 , pp. 321-335
    • Reed, D.C.1    Laur, D.R.2    Ebeling, A.W.3
  • 55
    • 0025623448 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of plant stress and herbivory: Intraspecific variation in the susceptibility of a palatable versus an unpalatable seaweed to sea urchin grazing
    • Renaud, P. E., M. E. Hay, and T. M. Schmitt. 1990. Interactions of plant stress and herbivory: intraspecific variation in the susceptibility of a palatable versus an unpalatable seaweed to sea urchin grazing. Oecologia 82:217-226.
    • (1990) Oecologia , vol.82 , pp. 217-226
    • Renaud, P.E.1    Hay, M.E.2    Schmitt, T.M.3
  • 56
    • 0001638789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first known invasion of a free-living marine flatworm
    • Rivest, B. R., J. Coyer, and S. Tyler. 1999. The first known invasion of a free-living marine flatworm. Biological Invasions 1:393-394.
    • (1999) Biological Invasions , vol.1 , pp. 393-394
    • Rivest, B.R.1    Coyer, J.2    Tyler, S.3
  • 57
    • 21944457364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global invasions of marine and estuarine habitats by non-indigenous species: Mechanisms, extent and consequences
    • Ruiz, G. M., J. T. Carlton, E. D. Grosholz, and A. H. Hines. 1997. Global invasions of marine and estuarine habitats by non-indigenous species: mechanisms, extent and consequences. American Zoologist 37:621-632.
    • (1997) American Zoologist , vol.37 , pp. 621-632
    • Ruiz, G.M.1    Carlton, J.T.2    Grosholz, E.D.3    Hines, A.H.4
  • 58
    • 0003955538 scopus 로고
    • Hutchinson University Library, London, UK
    • Ryland, J. 1970. Bryozoans. Hutchinson University Library, London, UK.
    • (1970) Bryozoans
    • Ryland, J.1
  • 59
    • 0001233441 scopus 로고
    • Precision and accuracy of visual census technique for fish assemblages on coral patch reefs
    • Sale, P. F., and W. A. Douglas. 1981. Precision and accuracy of visual census technique for fish assemblages on coral patch reefs. Environmental Biology of Fishes 6:333-339.
    • (1981) Environmental Biology of Fishes , vol.6 , pp. 333-339
    • Sale, P.F.1    Douglas, W.A.2
  • 61
    • 0034895921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding, growth and reproduction of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) on single and mixed diets of kelp (Laminaria spp.) and the invasive alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides
    • Scheibling, R. E., and S. X. Anthony. 2001. Feeding, growth and reproduction of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) on single and mixed diets of kelp (Laminaria spp.) and the invasive alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides. Marine Biology 139:139-146.
    • (2001) Marine Biology , vol.139 , pp. 139-146
    • Scheibling, R.E.1    Anthony, S.X.2
  • 62
    • 0002651954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive interactions of nonindigenous species: Invasional meltdown?
    • Simberloff, D., and B. Von Holle. 1999. Positive interactions of nonindigenous species: invasional meltdown? Biological Invasions 1:21-32.
    • (1999) Biological Invasions , vol.1 , pp. 21-32
    • Simberloff, D.1    Von Holle, B.2
  • 63
    • 0000392741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fisheries-induced biological changes to the structure and function of the Gulf of Maine ecosystem
    • G. T. Wallace and E. F. Braasch, editors. RARGOM report 97-1. Regional Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine, Hanover, New Hamsphire, USA
    • Steneck, R. S. 1997. Fisheries-induced biological changes to the structure and function of the Gulf of Maine ecosystem. Pages 153-168 in G. T. Wallace and E. F. Braasch, editors. Proceedings of the Gulf of Maine Ecosystem Dynamics Scientific Symposium and Workshop. RARGOM report 97-1. Regional Association for Research on the Gulf of Maine, Hanover, New Hamsphire, USA.
    • (1997) Proceedings of the Gulf of Maine Ecosystem Dynamics Scientific Symposium and Workshop , pp. 153-168
    • Steneck, R.S.1
  • 64
    • 0028995441 scopus 로고
    • Establishment of green alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides on New Zealand rocky shores: Current distribution and invertebrate grazers
    • Trowbridge, C. D. 1995. Establishment of green alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides on New Zealand rocky shores: current distribution and invertebrate grazers. Journal of Ecology 83:949-965.
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 949-965
    • Trowbridge, C.D.1
  • 65
    • 0028982898 scopus 로고
    • Effects of conspecific density on settlement, growth and post-settlement survival of a temperate reef fish
    • Tupper, M., and R. G. Boutilier. 1995a. Effects of conspecific density on settlement, growth and post-settlement survival of a temperate reef fish. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 191:209-222.
    • (1995) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol.191 , pp. 209-222
    • Tupper, M.1    Boutilier, R.G.2
  • 66
    • 0029536993 scopus 로고
    • Effects of habitat on settlement, growth, and postsettlement survival of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
    • Tupper, M., and R. G. Boutilier. 1995b. Effects of habitat on settlement, growth, and postsettlement survival of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52:1834-1841.
    • (1995) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.52 , pp. 1834-1841
    • Tupper, M.1    Boutilier, R.G.2
  • 67
    • 0002054335 scopus 로고
    • Overfishing and inferences in kelp-sea urchin interactions
    • H. R. Skjoldl, C. Hopkins, K. E. Erikstad, and H. P. Leinass, editors. Elsevier Science, New York, New York, USA
    • Vadas, R. L., and R. S., Steneck. 1995. Overfishing and inferences in kelp-sea urchin interactions. Pages 509-524 in H. R. Skjoldl, C. Hopkins, K. E. Erikstad, and H. P. Leinass, editors. Ecology of fjords and coastal waters. Elsevier Science, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1995) Ecology of Fjords and Coastal Waters , pp. 509-524
    • Vadas, R.L.1    Steneck, R.S.2
  • 71
    • 0000167192 scopus 로고
    • Refuges, biological disturbance, and rocky subtidal community structure in New England
    • Witman, J. D. 1985. Refuges, biological disturbance, and rocky subtidal community structure in New England. Ecological Monographs 55:421-445.
    • (1985) Ecological Monographs , vol.55 , pp. 421-445
    • Witman, J.D.1
  • 72
    • 0023480318 scopus 로고
    • Subtidal coexistence: Storms, grazing, mutualism, and the zonation of kelps and mussels
    • Witman, J. D. 1987. Subtidal coexistence: storms, grazing, mutualism, and the zonation of kelps and mussels. Ecological Monographs 57:167-187.
    • (1987) Ecological Monographs , vol.57 , pp. 167-187
    • Witman, J.D.1
  • 74
    • 0020367725 scopus 로고
    • The role of planktonic and benthic factors in the population dynamics of the bryozoan Membranipora membranacea
    • Yoshioka, P. 1982. The role of planktonic and benthic factors in the population dynamics of the bryozoan Membranipora membranacea. Ecology 63:457-468.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 457-468
    • Yoshioka, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.