The state of indoor air quality in Pakistan-a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Volumn 17, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 1187-1196

  Colbeck, Ian ^a   Nasir, Zaheer Ahmad ^a   Ali, Zulfiqar ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

Biomass fuel; ETS; Indoor air pollution; Pakistan

Indexed keywords

BIOFUEL;

AIR QUALITY; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; BIOFUEL; BIOGAS; COMBUSTION; COOKING APPLIANCE; DEVELOPING WORLD; GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT; HEALTH IMPACT; HEALTH POLICY; HEALTH RISK; HOUSEHOLD ENERGY; INDOOR AIR; LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS; MORTALITY; POLICY MAKING; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; RESPIRATORY DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; RURAL AREA; RURAL POPULATION; SMOKE; SMOKING; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS; TOBACCO;

BREATHING DISORDER; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EXPOSURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; MALE; PAKISTAN; PASSIVE SMOKING; REVIEW; SMOKE; STATISTICS;

AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; BIOFUELS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FEMALE; HUMANS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; MALE; PAKISTAN; RESPIRATION DISORDERS; SMOKE; TOBACCO SMOKE POLLUTION;

PAKISTAN;

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 77954036199     PISSN: 09441344     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-010-0293-3     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Ahmad K, Jafary F, Jehan I, Hatcher J, Khan AQ, Chaturvedi N, Jafar TH (2005) Prevalence and predictors of smoking in Pakistan: results of the National Health Survey of Pakistan. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 12: 203-208.
2. Ahmad T, Nazir S (1997) Heating-cum-cooking stoves of the FECT project, Peshwar, Pakistan. Boiling Point 38.
3. Akhtar T, Ullah Z, Khan MH, Nazli R (2007) Chronic bronchitis in women using solid biomass fuel in Rural Peshawar, Pakistan. Chest 132: 1472-1475.
4. Alam AY, Iqbal A, Mohamud KB, Laporte RE, Ahmed A, Nishtar S (2008) Investigating socio-economic-demographic determinants of tobacco use in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. BMC Public Health 8: 50.
5. Albalak R, Keeler GJ, Frisancho AR, Haber M (1999) Assessment of PM10 concentrations from domestic biomass fuel combustion in two rural Bolivian highland villages. Environ Sci Technol 33: 2505-2509.
6. Ali S, Ara N, Ali A, Ali B, Kadir MM (2008) Knowledge and practices regarding cigarette smoking among adult women in a rural district of Sindh, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 58: 664-667.
7. Ali S, Sathiakumar N, Delzell E (2006) Prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with tobacco smoking among adult males in rural Sindh, Pakistan. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 37: 1054-1060.
8. Anwer K (2001) Country paper on Pakistan. Economic and social commission for Asia and the Pacific. Regional seminar on commercialization of Biomass technology. 4-8 June 2001, Guangzhou, China.
9. Archar G (1993) Biomass resource assessment. Pakistan Household Energy Strategy Study (HESS). Prepared for Government of Pakistan under United Nations Development Program. Islamabad.
10. Balakrishnan K, Parikh J, Sankar S, Padmavathi R, Srividya K, Venugopal V, Prasad S, Pandy VL (2002) Daily average exposure to respirable particulate matter from combustion of biomass fuels in rural house holds of Southern India. Environ Health Perspect 110: 1069-1075.
11. Balakrishnan K, Sambandam S, Ramaswamy P, Mehta S, Smith KR (2004) Exposure assessment for respirable particulates associated with household fuel use in rural districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 14: S14-S25.
12. Boleij J, Ruigewaard P, Hoek FR, Thairu H, Wafula E, Onyago F, de Koning H (1989) Domestic air pollution from biomass burning in Kenya. Atmos Environ 23: 1677-1681.
13. Breysse PN, Buckley TJ, Williams D, Beck CM, Jo SJ, Merriman B, Kanchanaraksa S, Swartz LJ, Callahan KA, Butz AM, Rand CS, Diette GB, Krishnan JA, Moseley AM, Curtin-Brosnan J, Durkin NB, Eggleston PA (2005) Indoor exposures to air pollutants and allergens in the homes of asthmatic children in inner-city Baltimore. Environ Res 98: 167-176.
14. Colbeck I, Nasir ZA (2008a) Assessment of indoor fungal and bacterial aerosol concentration in Pakistani residential dwellings. Abstracts of the Fourth European Symposium on Aerobiology, 12-16 August. University of Turku, Finland, p 103.
15. Colbeck I, Nasir ZA (2008a) Measurement of number and mass concentration of particulate matter in rural and urban Pakistani households. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate 17-22 August 2008 Copenhagen, Denmark Paper ID: 208.
16. Colbeck I, Nasir ZA, Hasnain S, Sultan S (2008) Indoor air quality at rural and urban sites in Pakistan. Water, Air, & Soil Pollut: Focus 8: 61-69.
17. Colbeck I, Nasir ZA, Ali Z (2009) Characteristics of indoor/outdoor particulate pollution in urbanand rural residential environment of Pakistan. Indoor Air. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1600-0668. 2009. 00624. x.
18. Cooper JA (1980) Environmental impact of residential wood combustion emissions and its implications. J Air Poll Control Assoc 30: 855-886.
19. Dasgupta S, Huq M, Khaliquzzaman M, Pandy K, Wheeler D (2006) Indoor air quality for poor families: new evidence from Bangladesh. Indoor Air 16: 426-444.
20. Ezzati M, Kammen DM (2001) Quantifying the effects of exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass combustion on acute respiratory infections in developing countries. Environ Health Perspect 109: 481-488.
21. Fischer SL, Koshland CP (2007) Daily and peak 1 h indoor air pollution and driving factors in a rural Chinese village. Environ Sci Technol 41: 3121-3126.
22. Fullerton DG, Semple S, Kalambo F, Suseno A, Malamba R, Henderson G, Ayres JG, Gordon SB (2009) Biomass fuel use and indoor air pollution in homes in Malawi. Occup Environ Med 66: 777-783.
23. Fullerton DG, Bruce N, Gordon SB (2008) Indoor air pollution from biomass fuel smoke is a major health concern in the developing world. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hygiene 102: 843-851.
24. Ganatra HA, Kalia S, Haque AS, Khan JA (2007) Cigarette smoking among adolescent females in Pakistan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 11: 1366-1371.
25. 2.5 levels in indoor and outdoor environments of four European cities. Environ Sci Technol 36: 1191-1197.
26. Granderson J, Sandhu JS, Vasquez D, Ramirez E, Smith KR (2009) Fuel use and design analysis of improved woodburning cookstoves in the Guatemalan Highlands. Biomass Bioenergy 33: 306-315.
27. HEI (2004) Health Effects of Outdoor Air Pollution in Developing Countries of Asia: A Literature Review. Health Effects Institute, HEI Special Report 15.
28. Hosgood HD, Berndt SI, Lan Q (2007) GST genotypes and lung cancer susceptibility in Asian populations with indoor air pollution exposures: A meta-analysis. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res 636: 134-143.
29. Jabeen N, Ahmed S, Hassan ST, Alam NM (2001) Levels and sources of heavy metals in house dust. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 247: 145-149.
30. Jawaid A, Zafar AM, Rehman TU, Nazir MR, Ghafoor ZA, Afzal O, Khan JA (2008) Knowledge, attitudes and practice of university students regarding waterpipe smoking in Pakistan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 12: 1077-1084.
31. Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Chaudhry K, Chhabra SK, D'Souza GA, Gupta D, Katiyar SK, Kumar R, Shah B, Vijayan VK (2006) Tobacco smoking in India: Prevalence, quit-rates and respiratory morbidity. Ind J Chest Dis Allied Sci 48: 37-42.
32. Kang S, Li C, Wang F, Zhang Q, Cong Z (2009) Total suspended particulate matter and toxic elements indoors during cooking with yak dung. Atmos Environ 43: 4243-4246.
33. Khan FM, Husain SJ, Laeeq A, Awais A, Hussain SF, Khan JA (2005) Smoking prevalence, knowledge and attitudes among medical students in Karachi, Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J 11: 952-958.
34. Khudadad N, Shah QA (2008) Improving indoor pollution: A comparative analysis of indoor air pollution in Northern Pakistan. Proceedings of Better Air Quality, Bangkok, Thailand.
35. Khushk WA, Fatmi Z, White F, Kadir MM (2005) Health and social impacts of improved stoves on rural women: a pilot intervention in Sindh, Pakistan. Indoor Air 15: 311-316.
36. Khuwaja AK, Kadir MM (2004) Smoking among adult males in an urban community of Karachi, Pakistan. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35: 999-1004.
37. Maher R, Devji S (2002) Prevalence of smoking among Karachi population. J Pak Med Assoc 52: 250-253.
38. Mal R, Rizvi N, Rathi S (2001) Prevalence of smokers among air-conditioned coaches, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 51: 405-406.
39. McCormack MC, Breysse PN, Hansel NN, Matsui EC, Tonorezos ES, Curtin-Brosnan J, Williams DL, Buckley TJ, Eggleston PA, Diette GB (2008) Common household activities are associated with elevated particulate matter concentrations in bedrooms of inner-city Baltimore pre-school children. Environ Res 106: 148-155.
40. McCracken JP, Díaz A, Arana B, Smith KR, Schwartz J (2005) Improved biomass stove intervention reduces blood pressure among rural Guatemalan women. Presented at the 17th Annual Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology, Johannesburg, South Africa, 13-16 September.
41. McCracken JP, Smith KR, Diaz A, Mittleman MA, Schwartz J (2007) Chimney stove intervention to reduce long-term wood smoke exposure lowers blood pressure among Guatemalan women. Environ Health Perspect 115: 996-1001.
42. Meng QY, Turpin BJ, Korn L, Weisel CP, Morandi M, Colome S, Zhang JFJ, Stock T, Spektor D, Winer A, Zhang L, Lee JH, Giovanetti R, Cui W, Kwon J, Alimokhtari S, Shendell D, Jones J, Farrar C, Maberti S (2005) Influence of ambient (outdoor) sources on residential indoor and personal PM2. 5 concentrations: Analyses of RIOPA data. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 15: 17-28.
43. Merchant AT, Luby SP, Perveen G (1998) Smoking among males in a low socioeconomic area of Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc 48: 62-63.
44. Mestl HES, Aunan K, Seip HM, Wang S, Zhao Y, Zhang D (2007) Urban and rural exposure to indoor air pollution from domestic biomass and coal burning across China. Sci Total Environ 377: 12-26.
45. Mohammadyan M, Ashmore M (2005) Personal exposure and indoor PM2. 5 concentrations in an urban population. Indoor Built Environ 14: 313-320.
46. Mubeen SM, Morrow M, Barraclough S (2008) Smoking among future doctors in a no-smoking university campus in Karachi, Pakistan: issues of tobacco control. J Pak Med Assoc 58: 248-253.
47. Mudway IS, Duggan ST, Venkataraman C, Habib G, Kelly FJ, Grigg J (2005) Combustion of dried animal dung as biofuel results in the generation of highly redox active fine particulates. Part Fibre Toxicol 2: 6.
48. Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys of Pakistan (MICS) 2001-2004. Islamabad, Pakistan: Provincial Governments, Federal Bureau of Statistics and UNICEF; 2001-2004 46. Fikree FF, Azam SI.
49. Naeher LP, Brauer M, Lipsett M, Zelikoff JT, Simpson CD, Koenig JQ, Smith KR (2007) Woodsmoke health effects: A review. Inhal Toxicol 19: 67-106.
50. National Environment Policy of Pakistan (2005) Ministry of Environment Government of Pakistan Islamabad, June 2005. Available at http://www. ncsnsds. gov. pk/pages/EnvironmentPolicyofPakistan. pdf accessed on 20 July, 2009.
51. Nazaroff W, Klepeis N (2003) In: Morawska L, Salthammer T (eds) Indoor environment, airborne particles and settled dust. Wiley - VCH, Weinheim.
52. Nisar N, Billoo N, Gadit AA (2005) Pattern of tobacco consumption among adult women of low socioeconomic community Karachi, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 55: 111-114.
53. Nisar N, Qadri MH, Fatima K, Perveen S (2007) A community based study about knowledge and practices regarding tobacco consumption and passive smoking in Gadap Town, Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc 57: 186-188.
54. Nishtar S (2007) Health Indicators of Pakistan - Gateway Paper II. Heartfile, Islamabad.
55. Park E, Lee K (2003) Particulate exposure and size distribution from wood burning stoves in Costa Rica. Indoor Air 13: 253-259.
56. Piryani RM, Rizvi N (2004) Smoking habits amongst house physicians working at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan. Trop Doct 34: 44-45.
57. Practical Action (2004) Smoke - the killer in the kitchen. ITDG Publishing.
58. Rozi S, Akhtar S, Ali S, Khan J (2005) Prevalence and factors associated with current smoking among high school adolescents in Karachi, Pakistan. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 36: 498-504.
59. Rozi S, Butt ZA, Akhtar S (2007) Correlates of cigarette smoking among male college students in Karachi, Pakistan. BMC Public Health 1: 312. doi: 10. 1186/1471-2458-7-312.
60. Rumchev K, Spickett JT, Brown HL, Mkhweli B (2007) Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion and respiratory symptoms of women and children in a Zimbabwean village. Indoor Air 17: 468-474.
61. Saksena S, Subida R, Buttner L, Ahmed L (2007) Indoor air pollution in coastal houses of southern Philippines. Indoor Built Environ 16: 159-168.
62. Saleem M (1997) Status of improved stoves in northern areas of Pakistan. Boiling Point 38.
63. Sarhandi GU (1997) High altitude space heating and cooking stoves in Pakistan. Boiling Point 38.
64. Sedky N, Hussain A (2001) The Impact of BACIP Interventions on Health and Housing in the Northern Areas, Pakistan. A report for the Aga Khan Planning and Building Service, Pakistan.
65. Siddiqui AR, Lee K, Bennett D, Yang X, Brown KH, Bhutta ZA, Gold EB (2009) Indoor carbon monoxide and PM2. 5 concentrations by cooking fuels in Pakistan. Indoor Air 19: 75-82.
66. Siddiqui AR, Peerson J, Brown KH, Gold EB, Lee K, Bhutta ZA (2005a) Indoor air pollution from solid fuel use and low birth rate (Lbw) in Pakistan. Epidemiology 16: S86.
67. Siddiqui AR, Lee K, Gold EB, Bhutta BA (2005b) Eye and respiratory symptoms among women exposed to wood smoke emitted from indoor cooking: a study from southern Pakistan. Energy for Sustainable Dev 9: 58-66.
68. Sinha SN, Kulkarni PK, Shah SH, Desai NM, Patel GM, Mansuri MM, Saiyed HN (2006) Environmental monitoring of benzene and toluene produced in indoor air due to combustion of solid biomass fuels. Sci Total Environ 357: 280-287.
69. Smith KR, Liu Y (1994) Indoor air pollution in developing countries. In: Samet JM (ed) Epidemiology of lung cancer. Marcel Dekker, New York.
70. Smith KR, Zhang J, Uma R, Kishore VVN, Joshi V, Khalil MAK (2000) Greenhouse implications of household fuels: An analysis for India. Ann Rev Energy Environ 25: 741-763.
71. Smith KR, Mehta S (2003) The burden of disease from indoor air pollution in developing countries: comparison of estimates. Int J Hyg Environ Health 20: 279-289.
72. Smith KR, Mehta S, Maeusezahl-Feuz M (2004) Indoor smoke from household solid fuels. In: Ezzati M, Rodgers AD, Lopez AD, Murray CJL (eds) Comparative quantification of health risks: Global and regional burden of disease due to selected major risk factors, vol. 2. World Health Organization, Geneva, pp 1435-1493.
73. Smith KR, Bruce N, Arana B (2006) The Guatemala air pollution intervention trial (RESPIRE). Presented at the Annual Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology, Paris, France, 2-6 September.
74. Straif K, Baan R, Grosse Y, Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Cogliano V (2006) Carcinogenicity of household solid fuels and high-temperature frying. Lancet Oncol 7: 977-978.
75. Tsai SM, Zhang J, Smith KR, Ma Y, Rasmussen RA, Khalil MAK (2003) Characterization of non-methane hydrocarbons emitted from various cookstoves used in China. Environ Sci Technol 37: 2689-2877.
76. Wallace L (1996) Indoor particles: A review. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 46: 98-126.
77. Wallace LA, Mitchell H, O'Connor GT, Neas L, Lippmann M, Kattan M, Koenig J, Stout JW, Vaughn BJ, Wallace D, Walter M, Adams K, Liu LJS (2003) Particle concentrations in inner-city homes of children with asthma: The effect of smoking, cooking, and outdoor pollution. Environ Health Perspect 111: 1265-1272.
78. World Bank (2006) Pakistan: Strategic Country Environment Assessment. Volume I. Report No. 36946-PK. Washington, DC.
79. WHO (2003) World Health Organization Global InfoBase, World Health Survey, Bangladesh Tobacco Use, IB Ref: 101691.
80. WHO (2005) Situation analysis of household energy use and indoor air pollution in Pakistan. Discussion Papers on Child Health. Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. World Health Organization, Geneva.
81. WHO (2006a) Air Quality Guidelines Global Update 2005. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
82. WHO (2006b) Fuel for Life Household Energy and Health. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland.
83. WHO (2006c) Indoor Air Pollution and Child Health in Pakistan Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development (CAH). World Health Organization, Geneva.
84. WHO (2007a) Indoor Air Pollution Takes Heavy Toll on Health, Geneva, Available at: .
85. WHO (2007b) Indoor air pollution and lower respiratory tract infections in children. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland.
86. WHO (2007c) Indoor Air Pollution: National Burden of Disease Estimates. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland.
87. WHO (2007d) Estimated Deaths & DALYs Attributable to Selected Environmental Risk Factors by WHO Member State in 2002, Geneva, Available at: .
88. WHO (2008) Evaluating household energy and health interventions: A catalogue of methods. World Health Organization, Geneva.
89. Wigzell E, Kendall M, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ (2000) The spatial and temporal variation of particulate matter within the home. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 10: 307-314.
90. Zhang J, Smith KR, Uma R, Ma Y, Kishore VVN, Lata K, Khalil MAK, Rasmussen RA, Thorneloe ST (1999) Carbon monoxide from cookstoves in developing countries: 1. Emission factors. Chemosphere, Glob Chang Sci 1: 353-366.
91. Zhang J, Smith KR (2007) Household air pollution from coal and biomass fuels in china: measurements, health impacts, and interventions. Environ Health Perspect 115: 848-855.
92. Zuk M, Rojas L, Blanco S, Serrano P, Cruz J, Angeles F, Tzintzun G, Armendariz C, Edwards RD, Johnson M, Riojas-Rodrigues H, Masera O (2007) The impact of improved wood-burning stoves on fine particulate matter concentrations in rural Mexican homes. J Exposure Sci Environ Epidemiol 17: 224-232.