The immature stages, larval food plants and biology of Neotropical mistletoe butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). II. The Catasticta group (Pierini: Aporiina)

Journal of Natural History

Volumn 44, Issue 29-30, 2010, Pages 1831-1928

  Braby, Michael F ^a,b   Nishida, Kenji ^c  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA   (Costa Rica)

Author keywords

Aposematism; Gregariousness; Loranthaceae; Mimicry; Santalaceae; Viscaceae

Indexed keywords

ALKALOID; APOSEMATISM; BUTTERFLY; CLADISTICS; DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY; EGG PRODUCTION; FIELDWORK; HOST PLANT; LARVA; LIFE HISTORY; LITERATURE REVIEW; MIMICRY; MORPHOLOGY; NEARCTIC REGION; NEOTROPICAL REGION; PARASITIC PLANT; PHYLOGENETICS; SHRUB; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SPECIALIST; SPECIMEN BANK; TAXONOMY;

COSTA RICA;

ANTIDAPHNE; APORIA; DELIAS; DENDROPHTHORA; EUCHEIRA; LEPIDOPTERA; LORANTHACEAE; MYLOTHRIS; NEOPHASIA; PAPILIONOIDEA; PEREUTE; PHORADENDRON; PIERIDAE; PIERINI; SANTALACEAE; SANTALALES; STRUTHANTHUS; TRIPODANTHUS; VISCUM ALBUM;

EID: 77954025541     PISSN: 00222933     EISSN: 14645262     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00222931003633227     Document Type: Article

References (129)

1. Alvarez JR, Alvarez JR. 1984. Mariposas Diurnas de Venezuela. Introducción a su Conocimiento. Caracas (Venezuela): Editorial Arte.
2. Angiosperm Phyologeny Group II. 2003. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Bot J Linn Soc. 141:399-436.
3. Asahina E. 1986. Ezoshirochou. (Japan): Hokkaido University Press.
4. Austin GT. 1992. New and additional records of Costa Rican butterflies. Trop Lepidoptera 3:25-33.
5. Barlow BA. 1983. Biogeography of Loranthaceae and Viscaceae. In: Calder M, Bernhardt P, editors. The Biology of Mistletoes. Sydney (Australia): Academic Press. p. 19-46.
6. Bascombe MJ, Johnston G, Bascombe FS. 1999. The Butterflies of Hong Kong. London (UK): Academic Press.
7. Beccaloni GW. 1997. Ecology, natural history and behaviour of ithomiine butterflies and their mimics in Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae). Trop Lepidoptera 8:103-124.
8. Beccaloni GW, Viloria AL, Hall SK, Robinson GS. 2008. Catálogo de las Plantas Huésped de las Mariposas Neotropicales [Catalogue of the Hostplants of the Neotropical Butterflies]. m3m- Monografías Tercer Milenio. Vol. 7. Zaragoza (Spain): Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (SEA); Red Iberoamericana de Biogeografía y Entomología Sistemática (RIBES); Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (CYTED); Natural History Museum, London, UK (NHM); Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Venezuela (IVIC).
9. Beutelspacher CR. 1980. Mariposas Diurnas del Valle de México. (México): Ediciones científicas La Prensa Medica Mexicana.
10. Biezanko CM. 1958. Pieridae da Zona Sueste do Rio Grande do Sul (Contribuição ao conhecimento da fisiografia do Rio Grande do Sul). Arq Entomol Esc Agron "Eliseu Maciel" (Pelotas) Ser A. Ib:1-15.
11. Bolaños R, Watson V, Tosi J. 1999. Mapa Ecológico de Costa Rica. Según el sistema de clasificación de zonas de vida del mundo de L.R. Holdridge. San José (Costa Rica): Centro Científico Tropical.
12. Bollino M, Costa M. 2007. An illustrated annotated check-list of the species of Catasticta (s.l.) Butler (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) of Venezuela. Zootaxa 1469:1-42.
13. Bollino M, Greeney H, Vitale F. 2002. On some hitherto unknown females of the genus Catasticta from Ecuador (South America). (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Lambillionea 102:267-272.
14. Bollino M, Rodríguez G. 2004. Género Catasticta Butler, 1870. In: Le Crom JF, Llorente-Bousquets J, Constantino LM, Salazar JA, editors. Mariposas de Colombia. Vol. 2, Pieridae. Bogotá (Colombia): CARLEC Ltda. p. 86-103.
15. Braby MF. 2000. Butterflies of Australia. Their Identification, Biology and Distribution. Melbourne (Australia): CSIRO Publishing.
16. Braby MF. 2005a. Provisional checklist of genera of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Zootaxa 832:1-16.
17. Braby MF. 2005b. Afrotropical mistletoe butterflies: larval food plant relationships of Mylothris Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). J Nat Hist. 39:499-513.
18. Braby MF. 2006. Evolution of larval food plant associations in Delias Hübner butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Entomol Sci. 9:383-398.
19. Braby MF, Douglas F. 1992. Observations on the biology of Delias harpalyce (Donovan) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) near Melbourne, Victoria. Aust Entomol Mag. 19:9-18.
20. Braby MF, Trueman JWH. 2006. Evolution of larval host plant associations and adaptive radiation in pierid butterflies. J Evol Biol. 19:1677-1690.
21. Braby MF, Nishida K. 2007. The immature stages, larval food plants and biology of Neotropical mistletoe butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). I. The Hesperocharis group (Anthocharidini). J Lepid Soc. 61:181-195.
22. Braby MF, Vila R, Pierce NE. 2006. Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea): higher classification and biogeography. Zool J Linn Soc. 147:239-275.
23. Braby MF, Pierce NE, Vila R. 2007. Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the subtribe Aporiina (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): implications for the origin of Australian butterflies. Biol J Linn Soc. 90:413-440.
24. Briceño AJ. 1988. Pereute sp. posiblemente P. praemeridiana [sic] Fruhst. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) defoliador del guate pajarito: Phoradendron sp., en Mérida. Rev For Venez. 22:31-39.
25. Brown KSJ. 1992. Borboletas da Serra do Japi: diversidade, hábitats, recursos alimentares e variação temporal. In: Morellata LPC, editor. História Natural da Serra do Japi. Ecologia e preservação de uma área florestal no Sudeste do Brasil. Campinas (Brazil): Editoria da Unicamp/Fapesp. p. 142-187.
26. Bruner SC, Scaramuzza LC, Otero AR. 1945. Catálogo de los insectos que atacan a las plantas económicas de Cuba. La Habana (Cuba): Ministerio de Agricultura.
27. Calder DM, Bernhardt P. 1983. The Biology of Mistletoes. Sydney (Australia): Academic Press.
28. Carne P. 1962. The characteristics and behaviour of the sawfly Perga affinis affinis (Hymenoptera). Aust J Zool. 10:1-34.
29. Chew FS, Robbins RK. 1984. Egg-laying in butterflies. In: vane-Wright RI, Ackery PR, editors. The Biology of Butterflies. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. No. 11. London (UK): Academic Press. p. 65-79.
30. Clark GC. 1949. Life histories of Papilionidae and Pieridae. In: van Son G, editor. The Butterflies of Southern Africa. Part 1. Papilionidae and Pieridae. Pretoria (South Africa): Transvaal Museum Memoir.
31. Clark GC. 1978. Life histories of South African hesperiid butterflies. In: Dickson CGC, Kroon DM, editors. Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. Johannesburg (South Africa): Ad. Donker. p. 205-281.
32. Clark GC. 1994. Life histories of South African papilionid butterflies. In: Pringle ELL, Henning GA, Ball JB, editors. Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): C. Struik Publishers. p. 392-397.
33. Cole WE. 1961. Pine butterfly. In: Forest pest leaflet 66. US Department of Agriculture. p. 1-4.
34. Constantino LM. 2004. Género Melete Swainson, [1831]. In: Le Crom JF, Llorente-Bousquets J, Constantino LM, Salazar JA, editors. Mariposas de Colombia. Vol. 2, Pieridae. Bogotá (Colombia): CARLEC Ltda. p. 105-108.
35. Constantino LM, Salazar JA, Llorente-Bousquets J. 2004. Género Leodonta Butler, 1870. In: Le Crom JF, Llorente-Bousquets J, Constantino LM, Salazar JA, editors. Mariposas de Colombia. Vol. 2, Pieridae. Bogotá (Colombia): CARLEC Ltda. p. 83-86.
36. Corbet AS, Pendlebury HM. 1992. The Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula. Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia): Malayan Nature Society.
37. Costa JT, Pierce NE. 1997. Social evolution in the Lepidoptera: ecological context and communication in larval societies. In: Choe JC, Crespi BJ, editors. The Evolution of Social Behaviour in Insects and Arachnids. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press. p. 407-442.
38. D'Abrera B. 1981. Butterflies of the Neotropical Region. Part 1 Papilionidae and Pieridae. Melbourne (Australia): Lansdowne Editions.
39. Dauphin J, Dauphin D, Knudson E, Bordelon C. 2005. Three new butterflies new to the United States from south Texas. News Lepid Soc. 47:43-46.
40. de la Maza R. 1987. Mariposas Mexicanas. Guía para su colecta y determinación. (México): Fondo de Cultura Económica.
41. De Marmels J, Clavijo JA, Chacín ME. 2003. Two new subspecies of Pereute lindemannae and one of Pseudopieris viridula from Pantepui, Venezuela (Pieridae). J Lepid Soc. 57:86-91.
42. Der JP, Nickrent DL. 2008. A molecular phylogeny of Santalaceae (Santalales). Syst Bot. 33:107-116.
43. DeVries PJ. 1983a. Checklist of butterflies. In: Janzen DH, editor. Costa Rican Natural History. Chicago (USA): The University of Chicago Press. p. 654-678.
44. DeVries PJ. 1983b. Catasticta teutila (Paracaída, Teutilla). In: Janzen DH, editor. Costa Rican Natural History. Chicago (USA): The University of Chicago Press. pp. 706-707.
45. DeVries PJ. 1986. Hostplant records and natural history notes on Costa Rican butterflies (Papilionidae, Pieridae and Nymphalidae). J Res Lepid 24:290-333.
46. DeVries PJ. 1987. The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae. Princeton (USA): Princeton University Press.
47. Dixey FA. 1918. On mimicry in certain butterflies of New Guinea. Trans Entomol Soc Lond. 1918:118-129.
48. Dixey FA. 1920. The geographical factor in mimicry. Trans Entomol Soc Lond. 1920:208-211.
49. Edwards WH. 1879. The Butterflies of North America. Philadelphia (USA): The American Entomological Society.
50. Ehrlich PR, Raven PH. 1965. Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution. Evolution 18:586-608.
51. Ehrlich PR, Sparrow HR, Sisk TD, Daily GC. 1994. Notes on butterfly distributions in southern Costa Rica (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Trop Lepidoptera 5:21-23.
52. Eitschberger U, Racheli T. 1998. Catasticta studies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Neue Entomol Nachr. 41:5-93.
53. Evenden JC. 1926. The pine butterfly, Neophasia menapia Felder. J Agric Res. 33:339-344.
54. Ferris CD. 1980. Superfamily Papilionoidea Latreille, 1809 (whites, orange tips, marbles, sulphurs). In: Ferris CD, Brown FM, editors. Butterflies of the Rocky Mountain States. Norman (USA): University of Oklahoma Press.
55. Finn F. 1897. Contributions to the theory of warning colours and mimicry. No. IV. Experiments with various birds. Summary and conclusions. J Asiat Soc Bengal 66:613-668.
56. Fitzgerald TD, Underwood DLA. 1998. Trail marking by the larva of the Madrone butterfly Eucheira socialis and the role of the trail pheromone in communal foraging behavior. J Insect Behav. 11:247-263.
57. Fitzgerald TD, Underwood DLA. 2000. Winter foraging patterns and voluntary hypothermia in the social caterpillar Eucheira socialis. Ecol Entomol. 25:35-44.
58. Frohawk FW. 1906. Life-history of Aporia crataegi. The Entomologist 39:132-138.
59. Frohawk FW. 1924. Natural history of British butterflies. A complete, original, descriptive account of the life-history of every species occurring in the British Islands together with their habits, times of appearance, and localities. London (UK): Hutchinson and Co.
60. Gómez LD. 1983. Parasitic plants. In: Janzen DH, editor. Costa Rican Natural History. Chicago (USA): The University of Chicago Press. p. 292-298.
61. Guagliumi P. 1967. Insetti e aracnidi dele piante comuni del Venezuela segnalati nel periodo 1938-1963. Relaz Monogr Agrar Subtrop Trop. 86:xiv-391.
62. Hartshorn GS, Poveda LJ. 1983. Checklist of trees. In: Janzen DH, editor. Costa Rican Natural History. Chicago (USA): The University of Chicago Press. p. 158-183.
63. Henning GA, Henning SF, Joannou JG, Woodhall SE. 1997. Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Vol. 1, Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Hatfield (South Africa): Umdaus Press.
64. Herrera SW, Gómez PLD. 1993. Mapa de unidades bióticas de Costa Rica. Escala 1:685.000. San José (Costa Rica): US Fish and Wildlife Service, TNC, INCAFO, CBCCR, INBio, Fundación Gómez, Dueñas.
65. Hoffmann F. 1933. Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte brasilianischer Schmetterlinge. Dtsch Entomol Z. 1932:97-148.
66. Howe WH. 1975. The Butterflies of North America. Garden City (USA): Doubleday and Company.
67. ICZN. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. London (UK): International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.
68. Igarashi S, Fukuda H. 1997. The Life Histories of Asian Butterflies. Vol. 1. Tokyo (Japan): Tokai University Press.
69. Igarashi S, Fukuda H. 2000. The Life Histories of Asian Butterflies. Vol. 2. Tokyo (Japan): Tokai University Press.
70. Janzen DH, Hallwachs W. 2009. Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica: caterpillars, pupae, butterflies and moths [Internet, database];. Available from: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso (accessed 8 January 2010).
71. Jörgensen P. 1932. Lepidopterologisches aus Südamerika. Dtsch Entomol Z Iris 46:37-66.
72. Kappelle M. 1996. Los Bosques de Roble (Quercus) de la Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica: Biodiversidad, Ecología, Conservación y Desarrollo. Santo Domingo de Heredia (Costa Rica): Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Universidad de Amsterdam.
73. Kevan PG, Bye RA. 1991. The natural history, sociobiology, and ethnobiology of Eucheira socialis Westwood (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), a unique and little-known butterfly from Mexico. The Entomologist 110:146-165.
74. Kitching RL. 1981. The geography of the Australian Papilionoidea. In: Keast A, editor. Ecological Biogeography of Australia. The Hague (The Netherlands): Dr. W. Junk bv Publishers. p. 978-1005.
75. Klimaitis JF. 2000. Cien Mariposas Argentinas. Buenos Aires (Argentina): Editorial Albatros.
76. Klots AB. 1933. A generic classification of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera) together with a study of the male genitalia. Entomol Am. 12:139-242.
77. Kuijt J. 1964. A revision of the Loranthaceae of Costa Rica. Bot Jahrb. 83:250-326.
78. Lamas G. 2004. Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, JB, editor. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5A Gainesville (USA): Association for Tropical Lepidoptera/ Scientific Publishers. p. 1-430.
79. Lamas G, Bollino M. 2004. Revisional notes on the "amastris" group of Catasticta Butler, 1870 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), with descriptions of new species and subspecies. Zootaxa 605:1-19.
80. Larsen T. 1991. Butterflies of Kenya and Their Natural History. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press.
81. Larsen TB. 2005. Butterflies of West Africa. Stenstrup (Denmark): Apollo Books.
82. Layberry RA, Hall PW, Lafontaine JD. 1998. The Butterflies of Canada. Toronto (Canada): University of Toronto Press.
83. Le Crom JF, Llorente-Bousquets J. 2004. Género Archonias Hübner, [1831]. In Le Crom JF, Llorente-Bousquets J, Constantino LM, Salazar JA, editors. Mariposas de Colombia. Vol. 2, Pieridae. Bogotá (Colombia): CARLEC Ltda. p. 80-82.
84. Meerman JC. 1999. Lepidoptera of Belize. 1. Catalog of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Trop Lepidoptera 10(Suppl. 1):7-32.
85. Meyer CL, Sisk TD. 2001. Butterfly response to microclimatic conditions following ponderosa pine restoration. Restor Ecol. 9:453-461.
86. Morinaka S, Yata O. 1994. A new subspecies of Prioneris autothisbe (Hübner) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) from Bali, Indonesia. Jpn J Entomol. 62:22-28.
87. Nickrent DL, Duff RJ, Colwell AE, Wolfe AD, Young ND, Steiner KE, dePamphilis CW. 1998. Molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of parasitic plants. In: Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Doyle JJ, editors. Molecular Systematics of Plants II: DNA sequencing. Boston (USA): Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 211-241.
88. Nickrent DL, Malécot V, Vidal-Russel R, Der JP. 2010. A revised classification of Santalales. Taxon 59:538-558.
89. Orr AG. 1999. Evidence for unpalatability in the genus Delias Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and its role in mimetic assemblages. Aust Entomol. 26:45-52.
90. Parsons MJ. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea. Their Systematics and Biology. London (UK): Academic Press.
91. Pringle ELL, Henning GA, Ball JB. 1994. Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): C. Struik Publishers.
92. Punnett RC. 1915. Mimicry in Butterflies. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
93. Reed RD. 2005. Gregarious oviposition in butterflies. J Lepid Soc. 59:40-43.
94. Reissinger E. 1972. Zur Taxonomie und Systematik der Gattung Catasticta Butler (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Entomol Z. 82:97-124.
95. Remillet M. 1988. Catalogue des insectes ravageurs des cultures en Guyane Française. Paris (France): ORSTOM.
96. Rey CF, Pyrcz TW. 1996. A perfect mimicry of two cloud forest pierids: Leptophobia eleone and Catasticta revancha new sp. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Genus (Wroclaw) 7: 497-502.
97. Riley ND. 1975. A Field Guide to the Butterflies of the West Indies. London (UK): Collins.
98. Röber JKM. 1908. Pieridae section. In: Seitz A, editor. Macrolepidoptera of the World. Vol. 5. Stuttgart (Germany): Alfred Kernen. p. 53-111.
99. Robert JH. 1987. Addenda and corrigenda to butterflies of the Neotropical Region Parts I and II. In D'Abrera B, editor. Butterflies of the Neotropical Region. Part III, Brassolidae, Acraeidae, and Nymphalidae (Partim). Black Rock (Australia): Hill House. p. 515-519.
100. Ruxton GD, Speed M, Sherratt TN. 2004. Evasive mimicry: when (if ever) could mimicry based on difficulty of capture evolve? Proc R Soc Lond B. 271:2135-2142.
101. Salazar JA. 2004a. Género Charonias Röber, 1908. In: Le Crom JF, Llorente-Bousquets J, Constantino LM, Salazar JA, editors. Mariposas de Colombia. Vol. 2, Pieridae. Bogotá (Colombia): CARLEC Ltda. p. 82-83.
102. Salazar JA. 2004b. Género Pereute Herrich-Schäffer, 1867. In: Le Crom JF, Llorente- Bousquets J, Constantino LM, Salazar JA, editors. Mariposas de Colombia. Vol. 2, Pieridae. Bogotá (Colombia): CARLEC Ltda. p. 103-105.
103. Salinas JL, Luis A, Llorente J. 2004. Papilionoidea of the evergreen tropical forests of Mexico. J Lepid Soc. 58:125-142.
104. Schultze-Rhonhof A. 1933. Etwas über die gattung Catasticta und ihre verwandten. Biologische studien aus dem hochlande von Kolumbien. Dtsch Entomol Z "Iris" 47:35-39.
105. Schultze-Rhonhof A. 1935. Ueber die ersten stände von Catasticta flisa H. Schäff. Dtsch Entomol Z "Iris" 49:52-54.
106. Scott JA. 1981. Hibernal diapause of North American Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea. J Res Lepid. 18:171-200.
107. Scott JA. 1986. The Butterflies of North America. A Natural History and Field Guide. Stanford (USA): Stanford University Press.
108. Sillén-Tullberg B. 1988. Evolution of gregariousness in aposematic butterfly larvae: a phylogenetic analysis. Evolution 42:293-305.
109. Sillén-Tullberg B. 1993. The effect of biased inclusion of taxa on the correlation between discrete characters in phylogenetic trees. Evolution 47:1182-1191.
110. Sillén-Tullberg B, Gamberale G. 1998. Aposematism and gregariousness: the combined effect of group size and colouration on signal repellence. Proc R Soc Lond B. 265:889-894.
111. Sillén-Tullberg B, Hunter AF. 1996. Evolution of larval gregariousness in relation to repellent defences and warning coloration in tree-feeding Macrolepidoptera: a phylogenetic analysis based on independent contrasts. Biol J Linn Soc. 57:253-276.
112. Sillén-Tullberg B, Leimar O. 1988. The evolution of gregariousness in distasteful insects as a defense against predators. Am Nat. 132:723-724.
113. Silva AGdA, Gonçalves CR, Galvão DM, Gonçalves AJL, Gomes J, Silva MDN, de Simoni L. 1968. Quarto catálogo dos Insetos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil seus parasitos e predadores. Edição ampliada do "3° catálogo dos insetos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil" de autoria do Prof. A. M. da Costa Lima. Parte II. Insetos, hospedeiros e inimigos naturais. Indice de insetos e ínidce de plantas. Rio de Janeiro (Brazil): Ministério da Agricultura.
114. Smith DS, Miller LD, Miller JS. 1994. The Butterflies of the West Indies and South Florida. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press.
115. Stamp NE. 1980. Egg deposition patterns in Butterflies: why do some species cluster their eggs rather than deposit them singly? Am Nat. 115:367-380.
116. Trimen R. 1889. South African Butterflies: a Monograph of the Extra-tropical Species. Vol. III, Papilionidae and Hesperiidae. London (UK): Trüber.
117. Tunnock S, Meyer H. 1978. Forest insect and disease management. Report no. 78-11, Potential pine butterfly defoliation in 1978 in western Montana. Missoula (USA): USDA, Forest Service.
118. Underwood DLA. 1994. Intraspecific variability in host plant quality and ovipositional preferences in Eucheira socialis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Ecol Entomol. 19:245-256.
119. Underwood DLA, Shapiro AM. 1999. Evidence for division of labor in the social caterpillar Eucheira socialis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 46:228-236.
120. van Son G. 1949. The butterflies of Southern Africa. Part 1, Papilionidae and Pieridae. Pretoria (South Africa): The Transvaal Museum.
121. Vega G. 2004. Fauna de mariposas (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) de la cuenca del Río Savegre, Costa Rica. Brenesia 61:109-124.
122. Vega G, Gloor P. 2001. Lista preliminar de las mariposas diurnas (Hesperioidea: Papilionoidea) de la zona protectora El Rodeo, Ciudad Colón, Costa Rica. Brenesia 55-56:101-122.
123. Vidal-Russel R, Nickrent DL. 2008. Evolutionary relationships in the showy mistletoe family (Loranthaceae). Am J Bot. 95:1015-1029.
124. Wallace AR. 1867. On the Pieridae of the Indian and Australian Regions. Trans Entomol Soc Lond. 4:301-415.
125. Westwood JO. 1834. Description of the nest of a gregarious species of butterfly from Mexico. Trans Entomol Soc Lond. 1:38-44.
126. Wetherbee DK. 1996. Ninth contribution on larvae and/or larval host-plants of Hispaniolan butterflies, with explanation of Ascia migrations at Monte Cristi, and pupal mimicry of lizard modality by Hamadryas. In: Wetherbee DK, editor. La Xaiba Prieta and La Xaiba Piñita (Epilobocera, Decapoda) in Hispaniola, and 20+ further contributions on Hispaniolan fauna. Shelburne (USA): Author. p. 255-309.
127. Yata O. 1985. Part 1: Pieridae. In: Tsukada E, editor. Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands. II: Pieridae, Danaidae. Tokyo (Japan): Plapac. p. 205-438.
128. Young RM. 1986. Mass emergences of the Pine White, Neophasia menapia menapia (Felder and Felder), in Colorado (Pieridae). J Lepid Soc. 40:314.
129. Zenner I, Borrero F. 1992. Alaración valiosa. Notas Not Entomol (Bogotá) 1992:19.