Contribution of sugar-cane harvesting season to atmospheric contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Araraquara city, Southeast Brazil

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 44, Issue 24, 2010, Pages 2913-2919

  de Andrade, Sandro José ^a   Cristale, Joyce ^a   Silva, Flávio Soares ^a   Julião Zocolo, Guilherme ^a   Marchi, Mary R R ^a  

^a SÃO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY UNESP   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Air pollution; Biomass burning; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Sugar cane

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CONTAMINATION; BIOMASS-BURNING; COATED GLASS; CONCENTRATION OF; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONS; HARVEST SEASON; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; SAMPLING PERIOD; SAMPLING STRATEGIES; SOUTHEAST BRAZIL; STATISTICAL TREATMENT;

AIR QUALITY; ANTHRACENE; AROMATIZATION; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); DIESEL ENGINES; GAS ENGINES; GLASS FIBERS; HARVESTING; METEOROLOGY; NATURAL GASOLINE; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; SAMPLING; SOOT; SUGAR (SUCROSE); SUGAR CANE;

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS;

ANTHRACENE; DIESEL FUEL; FLUORANTHENE; GASOLINE; PHENANTHRENE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON;

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; BIOMASS BURNING; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); PAH; PARTICULATE MATTER; SUGAR CANE;

AIR POLLUTION; AIR SAMPLING; ARTICLE; BRAZIL; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; COMBUSTION; HARVEST PERIOD; MOTOR VEHICLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOKE; SOOT; SUGARCANE;

ARARAQUARA; BRAZIL; SAO PAULO [BRAZIL];

SACCHARUM;

EID: 77953963180     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.026     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Arbex M.A., Bohm G.M., Saldiva P.H.N., Conceição G.M.S. Assessment of the effects of sugar-cane plantation burning on daily counts of inhalation therapy. Journal of Air Waste Management Association 2000, 50:1745-1749.
2. Azevedo D.A., Santos C.Y.M., Aquino Neto F.R. Identification and seasonal variation of atmospheric organic pollutants in Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil. Atmospheric Environment 2002, 36:2383-2395.
3. Callén M.S., Cruz M.T., López J.M., Murillo R., Navarro M.V., Mastral M. Long-range atmospheric transport and local pollution sources on PAH concentrations in a south European urban Area. Fulfilling of the European directive. Water, Air & Soil Pollution 2008, 190:271-285.
4. Cançado J.E.D., Saldiva P.H.N., Pereira L.A.A., Lara L.B.L.S., Artaxo P., Martinelli L.A., Arbex M.A., Zanobetti A., Braga A.L.F. The impact of sugar-cane burning emissions on the respiratory system of children and the elderly. Environmental Health Perspectives 2006, 114:725-729.
5. Caricchia A.M., Chiavarini S., Pezza M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmospheric particulate matter in the city of Naples (Italy). Atmospheric Environment 1999, 33:3731-3738.
6. CETESB Prevention and Control of the environmental Pollution 1994, São Paulo Environmental Agency, Decret 39.551. Anexe 1.
7. CONAMA Brazilian National Council of the Environment (CONAMA) 1990, Ministry of Environment, Resolution No. 03/1990.
8. Daisey J.M., Leyko M.A., Kneip T.J. Source identication and allocation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in the New York City aerosol: methods and applications. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons 1979, 201-215. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor. P.W. Jones, P. Leber (Eds.).
9. Dallarosa J.B., Mônego J.G., Teixeira E.C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particles in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Atmospheric Environment 2005, 39:1609-1625.
10. De Martinis B.S., Okamoto R.A., Kado N.Y., Gundel L.A., Carvalho L.R.F. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a bioassay-fractionated extract of PM10 collected in São Paulo, Brazil. Atmospheric Environment 2002, 36:307-314.
11. Duval M.M., Friedlander S.K. Source Resolution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Los Angeles Atmosphere - Application of Cmb With First Order Decay 1981, US EPA, Report No. EPA-600/2-81-161.
12. EPA Carcinogen Assessment Group. Evaluation and Estimation of Potential Carcinogenic Risks of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons 1998, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati.
13. EPA Sampling of Ambient Air for PM10 Using an Andersen Dichotomous Sampler. Compendium of Methods for the Determination Of Inorganic Compounds in Ambient Air 1999, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Compendium Method IO-2.2.
14. Fang G.C., Wu Y.S., Chen M.H., Ho T.T., Huang S.H., Rau J.Y. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons study in Taichung, Taiwan, during 2002-2003. Atmospheric Environment 2004, 38:3385-3391.
15. Fang G.C., Wu Y.S., Chang C.N., Ho T.T. A study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations and source identifications by methods of diagnostic ratio and principal component analysis at Taichung chemical Harbor near Taiwan Strait. Chemosphere 2006, 64:1233-1242.
16. Godoi A.F.L., Ravindra K., Godoi R.H.M., Andrade S.J., Santiago-Silva M., Van Vaeck L., Van Grieken R.J. Fast chromatographic determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aerosol samples from sugar-cane burning. Journal of Chromatography A 2004, 1027:49-53.
17. Guo H., Lee S.C., Ho K.F., Wang X.M., Zou S.C. Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air of Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment 2003, 37:5307-5317.
18. Harkov R., Greenberg A. Benzo(a)pyrene in New-Jersey - results from a 27-site study. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 1985, 35:238-243.
19. Héllen H., Hakola H., Haaparanta S., Pietarila H., Kauhaniemi M. Influence of residential wood combustion on local air quality. Environmental Science & Technology 2008, 393:283-290.
20. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to human. Complete list of agents evaluated and their classification (accessed 24.05.10). http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php.
21. Jenkins B.M., Jones A.D., Turn S.Q., Williams B.R. Emission factors for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from biomass burning. Environmental Science & Technology 1996, 30:2462-2469.
22. Khalili N.R., Scheff P.A., Holsen T.M. PAH source fingerprints for coke ovens, diesel and gasoline engines, highway tunnels, and wood combustion emissions. Atmospheric Environment 1995, 29:533-542.
23. Kulkarni P., Venkataraman C. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mumbai, India. Atmospheric Environment 2000, 34:2785-2790.
24. Larsen R., Baker J.E. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: a comparison of three methods. Environmental Science & Technology 2003, 37:1873-1881.
25. Li C.K., Kamens R.M. The use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as source signatures in receptor modeling. Atmospheric Environmental Part A - General Topics 1993, 27:523-532.
26. Lopes W.A., Andrade J.B. Fontes, formação, reatividade e quantificação de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) na atmosfera. Química Nova 1996, 19:497-516.
27. Magalhães D., Bruns R.E., Vasconcellos P.C. Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos como traçadores de cana-de-açúcar: uma abordagem estatística. Química Nova 2007, 30:577-581.
28. Mantis J., Chaloulakou A., Sâmara C. PM10-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the greater area of Athens, Greece. Chemosphere 2005, 59:593-604.
29. Masclet P., Cachier H., Liousse C., Wortham H. Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by savanna fires. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 1995, 22:41-54.
30. Mastral A.M., Callen M., Murillo R. Assessment of PAH emissions as a function of coal combustion variables. Fuel 1996, 75:1533-1536.
31. NIOSH Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by HPLC. Method 5506. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) 1998, U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. fourth ed.
32. Quiterio L.S., Arbila G., Bauerfeldt G.F., Moreira J.C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their molecular diagnostic ratios in airborne particles (PM10) collected in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Water, Air & Soil Pollution 2007, 179:79-92.
33. Ravindra K., Bencs L., Wauters E., de Hoog J., Deutsch F., Roekens E., Bleux N., Bergmans P., Van Grieken R. Seasonal and site specific variation in vapor and aerosol phase PAHs over Flanders (Belgium) and their relation with anthropogenic activities. Atmospheric Environment 2006, 40:771-785.
34. Ravindra K., Sokhi R., Grieken R.V. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source attribution, emission factors and regulation. Atmospheric Environment 2008, 42:2895-2921.
35. Rogge W.F., Hildemann L.M., Mazurek M.A., Cass G.R., Simoneit B.R.T. Sources of organic aerosol 2. noncatalyst and catalyst-equipped automobiles and heavy-duty diesel trucks. Environmental Science & Technology 1993, 27:636-651.
36. Santos C.Y.M., Azevedo D.A., Aquino Neto F.R. Selected organic compounds from biomass burning found in the atmospheric particulate matter over sugarcane plantation areas. Atmospheric Environment 2002, 36:3009-3019.
37. Santos C.Y.M., Azevedo D.A., Aquino Neto F.R. Atmospheric distribution of organic compounds from urban areas near a coal-fired power station. Atmospheric Environment 2004, 38:1247-1257.
38. Sienra M.R., Rosazza N.G., Préndez M.M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their molecular diagnostic ratios in urban atmospheric respirable particulate matter. Atmospheric Research 2005, 75:267-281.
39. Simcik M.F., Eisenreich S.J., Lioy P.J. Source apportionment and source/sink relationships of PAHs in the coastal atmosphere of Chicago and Lake Michigan. Atmospheric Environment 1999, 33:5071-5079.
40. Simoneit B.R.T., Rahman N.A., Omar N.Y.M.J., Abas R.B., Oros D.R. Identification and emission factors of molecular tracers in organic aerosols from biomass burning: part 3. Grasses. Applied Geochemistry 2006, 21:919-940.
41. Simoneit B.R.T. Biomass burning - a review of organic tracers for smoke from incomplete combustion. Applied Geochemistry 2002, 17:129-162.
42. StatSoft, Inc., 2009. Statistica 6.0, Tulsa, OK, USA.
43. Umbuzeiro G.A., Franco A., Magalhães D., Viana F.C., Kummrow F., Rech C.M., Carvalho L.R.F., Vasconcelos P.C. A preliminary characterization of the mutagenicity of atmospheric particulate matter collected during sugar-cane harvesting using the Salmonella/microsome microsuspension assay. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2008, 49:249-255.
44. UNICA Cana-de-açúcar processada pelas usinas brasileiras 2010, União da Indústria de Cana-de-Açúcar, (accessed 24.05.10). http://www.unica.com.br/downloads/estatisticas/processcanabrasil.xls.
45. Venkataraman C., Lyons J.M., Friedlander S.K. Size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and elemental carbon .1. Sampling, measurement, methods and source characterization. Environmental Science & Technology 1994, 28:555-562.
46. Viana M., López J.M., Querol X., Alastuey A., García-Gacio D., Blanco-Heras G., López-Mahía P., Piñeiro-Iglesias M., Sanz M.J., Sanz F., Chi X., Maenhaut W. Tracers and impact of open burning of rice straw residues on PM in Eastern Spain. Atmospheric Environment 2008, 42:1941-1957.
47. Yang H.H., Lee W.J., Chen S.J., Lai S.O. PAH emission from various industrial stacks. Journal of Hazardous Materials 1998, 60:159-174.
48. Zamperlini G.C.M., Santiago-Silva M., Vilegas W. Identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sugar-cane soot by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Chromatographia 1997, 46:655-663.
49. Zamperlini G.C.M., Santiago-Silva M., Vilegas W. Solid-phase extraction of sugar-cane soot extract for analysis by gas chromatography with flame ionisation and mass spectrometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A 2000, 889:281-286.
50. Zhang X.L., Tao S., Liu W.X., Yang Y., Zuo Q., Liu Z. Source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on species ratios: a multimedia approach. Environmental Science & Technology 2005, 39:9109-9114.
51. Zuo Q., Duan Y.H., Yang Y., Wang X.J., Tao S. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil in Tianjin, China. Environmental Pollution 2007, 147:303-310.