Isotope fractionation during precipitation of methamphetamine HCl and discrimination of seized forensic samples

Forensic Science International

Volumn 200, Issue 1-3, 2010, Pages 123-129

  David, Gabrielle E ^a   Coxon, Anne ^b   Frew, Russell D ^a   Hayman, Alan R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b MT ALBERT RESEARCH CENTRE   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Ephedrine; Fractionation; Isotope ratio mass spectrometry; Methamphetamine; Stable isotope

Indexed keywords

CARBON 13; DEUTERIUM; EPHEDRINE; HYDRIODIC ACID; HYDROCHLORIC ACID; IODINE DERIVATIVE; METHAMPHETAMINE; NITROGEN 15; PHOSPHORUS; RED PHOSPHORUS; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FORENSIC SCIENCE; FRACTIONATION; GAS; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PRECIPITATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYNTHESIS;

EID: 77953915963     PISSN: 03790738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.03.043     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. 2008 World Drug Report 2008, United Nations Publications.
2. Carter J.F., Titterton E.L., Grant H., Sleeman R. Isotopic changes during the synthesis of amphetamines. Chem. Commun. 2002, 21:2590-2591.
3. Carter J.F., Titterton E.L., Murray M., Sleeman R. Isotopic characterisation of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (ecstasy). Analyst (Cambridge, United Kingdom) 2002, 127:830-833.
4. 2H isotope ratio mass spectrometry of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine: application to methylamphetamine profiling. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2009, 23:2003-2010.
5. Kurashima N., Makino Y., Sekita S., Urano Y., Nagano T. Determination of origin of ephedrine used as precursor for illicit methamphetamine by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratio analysis. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76:4233-4236.
6. Kurashima N., Makino Y., Urano Y., Sanuki K., Ikehara Y., Nagano T. Use of stable isotope ratios for profiling of industrial ephedrine samples: application of hydrogen isotope ratios in combination with carbon and nitrogen. Forensic Sci. Int. 2009, 189:14-18.
7. Iwata Y.T., Kuwayama K., Tsujikawa K., Miyaguchi H., Kanamori T., Inoue H. Evaluation method for linking methamphetamine seizures using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions: a complementary study with impurity profiling. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2008, 22:3816-3822.
8. Makino Y., Urano Y., Nagano T. Investigation of the origin of ephedrine and methamphetamine by stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry: a Japanese experience. Bull. Narc. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2007, 63-78.
9. 2H NMR spectroscopy. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78:3113-3117.
10. Masumoto T., Urano Y., Makino Y., Kikura-Hanajiri R., Kawahara N., Goda Y., Nagano T. Evaluation of characteristic deuterium distributions of ephedrines and methamphetamines by NMR spectroscopy for drug profiling. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80:1176-1181.
11. Allen A., Cantrell T.S. Synthetic reductions in clandestine amphetamine and methamphetamine laboratories: a review. Forensic Sci. Int. 1989, 42:183-199.
12. Allen A.C., Kiser W.O. Methamphetamine from ephedrine. I. Chloroephedrines and aziridines. J. Forensic Sci. 1987, 32:953-962.
13. Cantrell T.S., John B., Johnson L., Allen A.C. A study of impurities found in methamphetamine synthesized from ephedrine. Forensic Sci. Int. 1988, 39:39-53.
14. Frank R.S. The clandestine drug laboratory situation in the United States. J. Forensic Sci. 1983, 28:18-31.
15. Ko B.J., Suh S., Suh Y.J., In K.M., Kim S.-H. The impurity characteristics of methamphetamine synthesized by Emde and Nagai method. Forensic Sci. Int. 2007, 170:142-147.
16. Barker W.D., Antia U. A study of the use of Ephedra in the manufacture of methamphetamine. Forensic Sci. Int. 2007, 166:102-109.
17. Ely R.A., McGrath D.C. Lithium-ammonia reduction of ephedrine to methamphetamine: an unusual clandestine synthesis. J. Forensic Sci. 1990, 35:720-723.
18. Lee J.S., Han E.Y., Lee S.Y., Kim E.M., Park Y.H., Lim M.A., Chung H.S., Park J.H. Analysis of the impurities in the methamphetamine synthesized by three different methods from ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. Forensic Sci. Int. 2006, 161:209-215.
19. Skinner H.F. Methamphetamine synthesis via hydriodic acid/red phosphorus reduction of ephedrine. Forensic Sci. Int. 1990, 48:123-134.
20. Windahl K.L., McTigue M.J., Pearson J.R., Pratt S.J., Rowe J.E., Sear E.M. Investigation of the impurities found in methamphetamine synthesised from pseudoephedrine by reduction with hydriodic acid and red phosphorus. Forensic Sci. Int. 1995, 76:97-114.
21. Skinner H.F. Methamphetamine synthesis via reductive alkylation hydrogenolysis of phenyl-2-propanone with N-benzylmethylamine. Forensic Sci. Int. 1993, 60:155-162.
22. G.E. David, Stable isotope analysis of aromatic amines, PhD Thesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 2008. p. 314.
23. red synthesis of methamphetamine. Aust. J. Chem. 2010, 63:22-29.
24. Casale J.F., Ehleringer J.R., Morello D.R., Lott M.J. Isotopic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen during the illicit processing of cocaine and heroin in South America. J. Forensic Sci. 2005, 50:1315-1321.
25. Melander L., Sanders W.H. Reaction Rates of Isotopic Molecules 1980, Wiley, NY.
26. M.J. O'Neil, The Merck index: an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs and biologicals, 14th ed., Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp., Whitehouse Station, NJ, 2006.